Chap 17 The Eye and Ear Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
What is the soft, jellylike material behind the lens in the vitreous chamber that helps maintain the shape of the eyeball? Sclera Vitreous humor Aqueous humor Fovea centralis
A
B: vitreous humor.
2
Q
- accommodation
A
Normal adjustment of the eye to focus on objects from far to near
qua trinh dieu tiet
3
Q
- anterior chamber
A
The area behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris
4
Q
- aqueous humor
A
Fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in anterior chamber
thuy dich
5
Q
- biconvex
A
Consisting of two surfaces that are rounded, elevated, and curved evenly; lens of the eye is biconvex
2 mat loi
6
Q
- choroid
A
Middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and the sclera
mang trach
7
Q
- ciliary body
A
Structure surrounding the lens that connects the choroid and iris; controls shape of lens and secretes aqueous humor
nep mi, the mi
8
Q
- cone
A
Photoreceptor cell in the retina that transforms light energy into a nerve impulse; responsible for color and central vision
te bao hinh non
9
Q
- conjunctiva
A
Delicate membrane that lines the undersurface of eyelids and covers anterior eyeball
mang ket , ket mac
10
Q
- cornea
A
Fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of eyeball
giac mac
11
Q
- fovea centralis
A
Tiny depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision
cac ho trung tam
12
Q
- fundus of the eye
A
Posterior, inner part of the eye
day mat
13
Q
- iris
A
Pigmented layer that opens and closes to allow more or less light into the eye
trong den
14
Q
- lens
A
Transparent, biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye
thuy tinh the
15
Q
- macula
A
Yellowish region on the retina lateral to and slightly below the optic disc
cham vang
16
Q
- optic chiasm
A
The point at which optic nerve fibers cross in the brain
17
Q
- optic disc
A
The region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina; blind spot
dia thi giac
18
Q
- optic nerve
A
Cranial nerve carrying impulses from the retina to the brain
than kinh thi giac
19
Q
- pupil
A
Central opening of the eye, surrounded by the iris, through which light rays pass
con nguoi
20
Q
refraction
A
Bending of light rays by the cornea, lens, and fluids of the eye to bring the rays into focus on the retina
su khuc xa
21
Q
retina
A
Light-sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye containing photoreceptor cells
vong mac
22
Q
rod
A
Photoreceptor cell of retina essential for vision in dim light and for peripheral vision
peripheral: ngoai vi
23
Q
sclera
A
Tough, white outer coat of the eyeball
mang cung mat
24
Q
thalamus
A
Relay center of the brain
25
vitreous humor
Soft, jelly-like material behind the lens in the vitreous chamber
mang thuy dich
26
* aque/o
water
27
* blephar/o
eyelid
28
* conjunctiv/o
conjunctiva
29
* cor/o
pupil
30
* corne/o
cornea
31
* cycl/o
ciliary body
32
* dacry/o
tears, tear duct
33
* ir/o
iris
34
* irid/o
iris
35
* kerat/o
cornea
36
* lacrim/o
tears
37
* ocul/o
eye
38
* ophthalm/o
eye
39
* opt/o
eye, vision
40
* optic/o
eye, vision
41
* palpebr/o
eyelid
42
* papill/o
optic disc
43
* phac/o
lens of the eye
44
* phak/o
lens of the eye
45
* pupill/o
pupil
46
* retin/o
retina
47
* scler/o
sclera (white of the eye)
48
* uve/o
uvea
49
* vitre/o
glassy
50
* ambly/o
dull, dim
51
* dipl/o
double
52
* glauc/o
gray
53
* mi/o
smaller, less
54
* mydr/o
widen, enlarge
55
* nyct/o
night
56
* phot/o
light
57
* presby/o
old age
58
* scot/o
darkness
59
* xer/o
dry
60
* -opia
vision
61
* -opsia
vision
62
* -tropia
to turn
63
* Which term means inflammation of the eyelid?
Ophthalmoplegia
Keratitis
Blepharitis
Blepharoptosis
C: blepharitis.
64
* Errors of Refraction
- Astigmatism: defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye
- Hyperopia: farsightedness
- Myopia: nearsightedness
- Presbyopia: impairment of vision due to old age reducing lens accommodation
65
Cataract:
clouding of the lens
benh duc nan mat
66
Chalazion:
a small, hard, cystic mass on the eyelid; formed as a result of chronic inflammation of sebaceous gland along margin of eyelid
noi mat hop
67
Diabetic retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy: retinal effects caused by diabetes mellitus include:
- Microaneurysms : phinh tinh mach nho
- Hemorrhages
- Dilation of retinal veins
- Neovascularization : high thanh mach may moi
benh vong mac do benh tieu duong
68
* Glaucoma
increased intraocular pressure damages the retina and optic nerve
benh tang nhan ap
intraocular: noi nhan;
69
*
Hordeolum (stye):
Macular degeneration:
Nystagmus:
Strabismus:
- Hordeolum (stye): staph infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid
- Macular degeneration: progressive damage to the macular of the retina
- Nystagmus: repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes
- Strabismus: abnormal deviation of the eye
Nystagmus: chung giat cau mat; Strabismus: mat le'; deviation: su lech
70
Retinal detachment:
- Photopsia:
- Floaters:
- Scleral buckle:
- Pneumatic retinopexy:
Retinal detachment: two layers of the retina separate from each other
- Photopsia: bright flashes of light
- Floaters: vitreous clumps of retina
- Scleral buckle: a belt used to buckle the retina to the sclera
- Pneumatic retinopexy: a gas bubble is injected in vitreous cavity to help reattach the retina
71
Diagnostic Procedures:
Fluorescein angiography
Ophthalmoscopy
Slit lamp microscopy
- Fluorescein angiography: dye injection to examine blood flow in the retina
- Ophthalmoscopy: visual examination of the interior of the eye through dilated pupil
- Slit lamp microscopy: magnified view of expanded number of eye structures
72
Diagnostic Procedures (cont’d)
Visual acuity test
assesses clarity of vision
73
Diagnostic Procedures (cont’d)
Visual field test:
measures visual fields when eyes are fixed forward
74
Treatment:
Enucleation:
Laser photocoagulation:
LASIK:
Keratoplasty
Scleral buckle
Phacoemulsification
Vitrectomy
- Enucleation: removal of the entire eyeball
- Laser photocoagulation: an argon laser creates an inflammatory reaction that seals retinal tears and leaky blood vessels
- LASIK: laser to correct errors of refraction by sculpting the cornea
- Keratoplasty: surgical repair of the cornea
- Scleral buckle: suture of a silicone band to the sclera over the detached portion of retina
- Phacoemulsification: ultrasound to break up lens for aspiration for cataract removal
- Vitrectomy: removal of vitreous and replacement with a clear solution
75
```
*
AMD
HEENT
IOL
IOP
LASIK
OD
OS
OU
```
AMD : Age-related macular degeneration
HEENT: Head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat
IOL: Intraocular lens
IOP: Intraocular pressure
LASIK: Laser in situ keratomileusis
OD: Right eye; doctor or optometry
OS: Left eye
OU: Both eyes
76
```
*
PERRLA
POAG
PRK
VA
VF
```
PERRLA: Pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation
POAG: Primary, open-angle glaucoma
PRK: Photorefractive keratectomy
VA: Visual acuity
VF: Visual field
77
The Ear
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
The outer ear receives sound waves.
Sound waves travel to the middle ear.
Sound vibrations reach the inner ear (labyrinth).
78
* Outer ear
- Pinna or auricle: projecting flap
| - External auditory meatus (auditory canal)
79
* Middle ear
- Tympanic membrane (eardrum)
- Malleus
- Incus
- Stapes
- Oval window
- Eustachian tube
80
* Inner ear: labyrinth
- Cochlea
| - Auditory nerve fibers
81
* Balance and equilibrium
- Vestibule
| - Semicircular canals
82
auditory canal
auditory meatus
auditory nerve fibers
auditory canal: Channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum
auditory meatus: Auditory canal
auditory nerve fibers: Carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain
83
auditory tube
auricle
cerumen
auditory tube: Channel between the middle ear and nasopharynx; eustachian tube
auricle: Flap of the ear; protruding part of external ear, or pinna
Waxy substance secreted by the external ear; also called earwax
84
cochlea
endolymph
eustachian tube
cochlea: Snail-shaped, spirally wound tube in the inner ear
endolymph: Fluid within the labyrinth of the inner ear
eustachian tube: Auditory tube
85
incus
labyrinth
malleus
incus: Second ossicle of the middle ear
labyrinth: Maze-like series of canals of the inner ear
malleus: First ossicle of the middle ear
86
organ of Corti
ossicle
oval window
organ of Corti: Sensitive auditory receptor area found in the cochlea of the inner ear
ossicle: Small bone of the ear
oval window: Membrane between the middle ear and the inner ear
87
perilymph
pinna
semicircular canals
Fluid contained in the labyrinth of the inner ear
Auricle; flap of the ear
Passages in the inner ear associated with maintaining equilibrium
88
stapes
tympanic membrane
vestibule
stapes: Third ossicle of the middle ear
tympanic membrane: Membrane between the outer and the middle ear; eardrum
vestibule: Central cavity of the labyrinth, connecting the semicircular canals and the cochlea
89
What is the snail-shaped, spirally wound tube in the inner ear that contains hearing-sensitive receptor cells?
Pinna
Auricle
Ossicle
Cochlea
D: cochlea.
90
myring/o
eardrum, tympanic membrane
91
ossicul/o
ossicle
92
ot/o
ear
93
salping/o
Eustachian tube
94
staped/o
stapes
95
tyman/o
eardrum, tympanic membrane
96
vestibul/o
vestibule
97
-acusis or-cusis
hearing
98
-meter
instrument for measure
99
-otia
ear condition
100
Symptoms and Pathologic Conditions
Acoustic neuroma:
Cholesteatoma:
Deafness:
- Acoustic neuroma: benign tumor arising from 8th cranial nerve, causes tinnitus, vertigo, dizziness, and decreased hearing
- Cholesteatoma: skin cells and cholesterol in a sac in the middle ear (cyst-like mass associated with chronic infections)
- Deafness: loss of ability to hear
101
Ménière disease:
Otitis media:
Otosclerosis:
- Ménière disease: disorder of the labyrinth with elevated endolymph pressure in the cochlea and semicircular canals causing tinnitus, sensitivity to sound, progressive hearing loss, headache, nausea, and vertigo
- Otitis media: inflammation of the middle ear
- Otosclerosis: hardening of bony tissue in the labyrinth
102
Tinnitus:
Vertigo:
Tinnitus: sensation of noises (ringing, buzzing, whistling, booming) in the ears
Vertigo: sensation of irregular motion (whirling) from disease of the inner ear or nerve carrying messages from the semicircular canals
103
Clinical Procedures:
Audiometry:
Cochlear implant:
Ear thermometry:
- Audiometry: an audiometer is an electric device used to determine hearing loss by frequency
- Cochlear implant: a surgically implanted device that allows sensorineural hearing-impaired persons to understand speech
- Ear thermometry: body temperature measured with infrared radiation from the eardrum
104
Otoscopy:
Tuning fork test:
Rinne:
Weber:
Otoscopy: visual examination of the ear with a small, hand-held scope
Tuning fork test: hearing tests using a vibrating fork
Rinne: fork is place against the mastoid bone (bone conduction) and in front of the auditory meatus (air conduction)
Weber: fork is placed on the center of the forehead; normal hearing has equal loudness in both ears
