Chap 17 Evolution and Diversity of Animals

Question 1

T/F Animals are extremely diverse?

Answer 1

True

Question 2

How many known animal species?

Answer 2

over 1.3 million

Question 3

Animals vary greatly in what?

Answer 3

size
habitat
body form
intelligence

Question 4

What are the specific set of features common in all animals?

Answer 4

multicellular with eukaryotic cells that lack cell walls

heterotrophic, eating food by digestion

go through blastula stage of development

cells produce and bind to an extracellular matrix

Question 5

Animal diversity reflects what?

Answer 5

shared ancestry

Question 6

How many animal phyla are there?

Answer 6

9

Question 7

What are the 9 animal phyla?

Answer 7

chordates
echinoderms
arthropods
roundworms
annelids
mollusks
flatworms
cnidarians
sponges

Question 8

Animals are classified by?

Answer 8

having tissues

Question 9

The first point on phyla split line distinguishes animals how?

Answer 9

animals with true body tissues and animals with no true body tissues

Question 10

Which animal(s) has no true tissues?

Answer 10

sponges

Question 11

What are simple animals?

Answer 11

sponges (porifera)

Question 12

What are sponges?

Answer 12

aquatic and sessile (anchored to a surface)

they have hollow bodies that are either asymmetric of radially symmetric

Question 13

After tissues how are animals classified?

Answer 13

by body symmetry and germ layer development

Question 14

What are the types of symmetry?

Answer 14

bilateral
radial
no symmetry

Question 15

What do bilaterally symmetric animals have?

Answer 15

cephalization

bodies have a head and tail

Question 16

How are animals classified by germ layer development?

Answer 16

early in development animals undergo a process called gastrulation.

in some animals the gastrula only develops two tissue layers (endoderm and ectoderm).

in others, a third tissue layer (mesoderm) develops.

Question 17

After germ layer development and body symmetry how are animals classified?

Answer 17

digestive tract

Question 18

What are the types of digestive tract?

Answer 18

incomplete digestive tract

complete digestive tract

Question 19

What are incomplete digestive tracts?

Answer 19

if the mouth both takes in food and ejects wastes

Question 20

What are complete digestive tracts?

Answer 20

if food passes in one direction from mouth to anus

Question 21

What are the simplest animals with true tissues?

Answer 21

cnidarians

Question 22

What are cnidarians?

Answer 22

aquatic and radially symmetric

they have specialized cells that they use ti sting other animals

Question 23

What are the four groups of cnidarians

Answer 23

jellyfish
hydra
coral
sea anemones

Question 24

After bilateral symmetry and three germ layer development how are animals classified?

Answer 24

by mouth development

Question 25

What are the two classifications of mouth development?

Answer 25

protostomes | deuterostomes

Question 26

What are protostomes?

Answer 26

the gastrula's first indentation develops into the mouth, and then the anus develops from the second opening

Question 27

What are deuterostomes?

Answer 27

the gastrula's first first indentation develops into the anus and then the mouth develops from the second opening

Question 28

What are the simplest protostomes?

Answer 28

flatworms

Question 29

What are flatworms?

Answer 29

(phylum Platyhelminthes) | bilaterally symmetric, with three germ layers.

Question 30

What are three groups of flatworms?

Answer 30

planarians flukes tapeworms

Question 31

After an animal is classified as a protostome and mouth development how are animals classified?

Answer 31

by segmentation

Question 32

What is segmentation?

Answer 32

body is divided into repeated parts

Question 33

What do segments do?

Answer 33

adds to the body's flexibility and increases the potential for the development of specialized body parts

Question 34

What phyla are segmented worms?

Answer 34

annelids

Question 35

Annelids are characterized by what?

Answer 35

by body segments a true coelom a complete digestive tract

Question 36

What are types of annelids?

Answer 36

terrestrial - earthworm and leeches aquatic - polychaetes

Question 37

Many ecosystems depend on what?

Answer 37

earthworms

Question 38

What do earthworms do in ecosystems?

Answer 38

aerate and fertilize soils

Question 39

Earthworms are more complex than they look and have a number of organ systems what are they?

Answer 39

complete digestive tract closed circulatory system with aortic arches nervous system that includes a brain and ventral nerve cord excretory organs in each body segment a saddle like thickening area that holds eggs in a specialized cocoon

Question 40

Chordates are a diverse group of at least 60,000 species, including ...?

Answer 40

humans mammals fish other familiar animals

Question 41

All chordates share what four features?

Answer 41

notochord dorsal nerve cord pharyngeal slit postanal tail

Question 42

Why do chordates share these features?

Answer 42

because they are inherited from a common ancestor

Question 43

Vertebrates do what?

Answer 43

protect their spinal columns

Question 44

What are vertebrae?

Answer 44

a series of small structures making up a backbone (can be made of bone or cartilage)

Question 45

What were the first vertebrates to survive on land?

Answer 45

reptiles

Question 46

About how long ago did reptiles evolve?

Answer 46

310-320 million years ago

Question 47

How have reptiles adapted?

Answer 47

adapted to retain water inside their bodies and reproduce outside of it

Question 48

Where do reptiles live and reproduce?

Answer 48

on dry land

Question 49

During what age did reptiles dominate animal life?

Answer 49

the mesozoic era

Question 50

What are the land adaptations acquired by reptiles?

Answer 50

reduced water loss from the skin due to scales internal fertilization and amniotic eggs make reproduction independent of water

Question 51

What are mammals?

Answer 51

warm, furry, milk-drinkers

Question 52

About how long ago did mammals evolve?

Answer 52

200 million years ago

Question 53

What traits do mammals have?

Answer 53

endothermic amniotes with milk-secreting mammary glands

Question 54

Mammals also produce what, which helps conserve body heat?

Answer 54

hair

Question 55

How are mammals grouped?

Answer 55

by reproduction

Question 56

What do monotremes do?

Answer 56

lay eggs (similar to reptiles)

Question 57

In marsupial and placental mammas, where do babies develop?

Answer 57

inside the uterus before birth

Question 58

What do marsupial babies do?

Answer 58

continue to develop in pouches for many months

Question 59

What do placental mammal babies do?

Answer 59

they are connected to the mother's uterus and share her circulatory system

Question 60

What tell the human evolution story?

Answer 60

fossils and DNA

Question 61

Humans are in a group of placental mammals called?

Answer 61

primates

Question 62

Primate features include what?

Answer 62

grasping hands with opposable thumbs flat nails instead of claws eyes set in the front of the skull, with binocular vision brain is large in comparison with body size