Chapter 1: Nutrition

Question 1

nutrient found/not found in the food

something to do with a specific nutrient or with the absence of the nurtient

ex: high in fiber, vitamin c, vitamin, a, iron, protein
ex: cholesterol-free, low in saturated fat

Answer 1

nutrient claim

Question 2

need proof or evidence that the product with all of its components can reduce the risk of heart disease

reviewed by FDA before approving the health claim of a commodity or an item

Answer 2

health claim

Question 3

how much the key nutrients in that food contributes to daily caloric and nutrient requirements

Answer 3

daily values

Question 4

science of dealing with foods, nutrient composition, eating habits, nutritional status, and health

covers the social, economic, environmental, cultural, political, and psychological implications of food and eating (ra 10862, 2016)

Answer 4

nutrition

Question 5

state of complete physical, mental, and social well0being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Answer 5

health

Question 6

chemical substances obtained from food and used in the body to provide energy, structural materials, and regulating agents to support growth, maintenance, and repair of the body’s tissues

Answer 6

nutrients

Question 7

products derived from plants or animals that can be taken into the body to yield energy and nutrients for the maintenance of like and the growth and repair of tissues

Answer 7

foods

Question 8

nutrients a person must obtain from food because the body cannot make them for itself in sufficient quantity to meet physiological needs

about 40 nutrients are known to be essential in human beings

Answer 8

essential nutrients

Question 9

also called indispensable nutrients

Answer 9

essential nutrients

Question 10

usual pattern of food and drink intake by a person

Answer 10

diet

Question 11

contains all the nutrients and other substances found naturally in food, in proper amounts and proportions needed by the body to function well

Answer 11

balanced diet

Question 12

the condition of the body resulting from intake, absorption, and utilization of food

Answer 12

nutritional status

Question 13

any condition caused by deficit or excess energy or nutrient intake or by an imbalance of nutrients

Answer 13

malnutrition

Question 14

the underconsumption of food energy or nutrients sever enough to cause disease or increased susceptibility to disease; form of malnutrition

Answer 14

undernutrition

Question 15

overconsumption of food energy or nutrients sufficient to cause disease or increased susceptibility to disease

form of malnutrition

Answer 15

overnutrition

Question 16

organic proteinaceous catalysts of biochemical reactions

Answer 16

enzymes

Question 17

proteins found in digestive juice that act on food substances, causing them to break down into simpler compounds

Answer 17

digestive enzymes

Question 18

chemical messengers secreted by a variety of glands in response to altered conditions in the body

each hormone travels to one or more specific target tissues or organs, where it elicits a specific response to maintain homeostasis

Answer 18

hormones

Question 19

study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another

Answer 19

anatomy

Question 20

study how living organisms function

Answer 20

physiology

Question 21

human body is composed of 5 structural levels

Answer 21

chemical > cellular > tissue > organ > organ system > organismal level

Question 22

levels of structural organization

simplest level of structural organization where atoms combine to form molecules

these molecules form organelles, the basic components of the cells

Answer 22

chemical level

Question 23

levels of structural organization

smallest units of living things

individual cells vary in size and shape, signifying their unique functions in the body

Answer 23

cellular level

Question 24

levels of structural organization

groups of similar cells with common function

Answer 24

tissue level

Question 25

levels of structural organization - types of tissues covers the body surface and lines its cavities

Answer 25

epithelium

Question 26

levels of structural organization - types of tissues provides movement

Answer 26

muscle

Question 27

levels of structural organization - types of tissues supports and protects body organs

Answer 27

connective tissue

Question 28

levels of structural organization - types of tissues provides a means of rapid internal communication by transmitting electrical impulses

Answer 28

nervous tissue

Question 29

levels of structural organization an organ is a discrete structure composed of at least 2 tissue types that perform a specific function for the body

Answer 29

organ level

Question 30

levels of structural organization composed of organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose

Answer 30

organ system level

Question 31

levels of structural organization highest level of organization and represents the sum total of all structure levels working together to keep humans alive

Answer 31

organismal level

Question 32

major organs or tissues heart, blood vessels, blood

Answer 32

circulatory system

Question 33

major organs or tissues mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, anus, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

Answer 33

digestive system

Question 34

major organs or tissues all glands or organs secreting hormones: pancreas, testes, ovaries, hypothalamus, kidneys, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, stomach, small intestine, liver, adipose tissue, heart, and pineal gland endocrine cells in other organs

Answer 34

endocrine system

Question 35

major organs or tissues white blood cells and their organs of production

Answer 35

immune system

Question 36

major organs or tissues skin

Answer 36

integumentary system

Question 37

major organs or tissues lymph vessels, lymph nodes

Answer 37

lymphatic system

Question 38

major organs or tissues cartilage, bone, ligaments, tendons, muscle, joints, skeletal muscle

Answer 38

musculoskeletal system

Question 39

major organs or tissues brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves and ganglia, sense organs

Answer 39

nervous system

Question 40

major organs or tissues male: testes. penis, and associated ducts and glands female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagona, mammary glands

Answer 40

reproductive system

Question 41

major organs or tissues nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Answer 41

respiratory system

Question 42

major organs or tissues kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

Answer 42

urinary system

Question 43

primary functions transport of blood throughout the body

Answer 43

circulatory system

Question 44

primary functions digestion and absorption of nutrients and water; elimination of wastes

Answer 44

digestive system

Question 45

primary functions regulation and coordination of many activities in the body includes growth, metabolism, reproduction, blood pressure, water and electrolyte balance

Answer 45

endocrine system

Question 46

primary functions defense against pathogens

Answer 46

immune system

Question 47

primary functions protection against injury and dehydration; defense against pathogens; regulation of body temp

Answer 47

integumentary system

Question 48

primary functions collection of extracellular fluid for return to blood; participation in immune defenses; absorption of fats from digestive system

Answer 48

lymphatic system

Question 49

primary functions support, protection, and movement of the body; production of blood cells

Answer 49

musculoskeletal system

Question 50

primary functions regulation and coordination of many activities in the body; detection of and response to changes in the internal and eternal environments; states of consciousness learning, memory emotions

Answer 50

nervous system

Question 51

primary functions male: production and transfer of sperm to female female: provision of a nutritive environment for the developing embryo and fetus nutrition of the infant

Answer 51

reproductive system

Question 52

primary functions exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen regulation of hydrogen ion concentration in the body fluids

Answer 52

respiratory system

Question 53

primary functions regulation of plasma composition through controlled excretion of ions, water, and organic wastes

Answer 53

urinary system

Question 54

cellular basis of life - human cell 3 main parts the outer boundary of the cell

Answer 54

plasma membrane

Question 55

basic structural and functional unit of living organisms

Answer 55

cell

Question 56

membranes surrounding the cell and cell organelles regulate the _____ of molecules and ions into and out of the cell and its compartments

Answer 56

movements

Question 57

other functions of the plasma membrane are to: -detect chemical messengers arriving at the cell surface -link adjacent cells together by membrane junctions -anchor cells to the extracellular matrix

Answer 57

-

Question 58

membranes consist of bimolecular _____ composed of phospholipids with embedded proteins

Answer 58

lipid layer

Question 59

are amphipathic proteins that often span the membrane

Answer 59

integral membrane proteins

Question 60

molecule having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts.

Answer 60

amphipathic

Question 61

are confined to the surfaces of the membrane

Answer 61

integral membrane proteins

Question 62

cellular basis of life - human cell 3 main parts cell-forming material

Answer 62

cytoplasm

Question 63

cellular basis of life - human cell 3 main parts the cellular material between the plasma membrane and the nucleus where most cellular activities occur

Answer 63

cytoplasm

Question 64

cytoplasm - parts viscous, semitransparent fluid in which the other cytoplasmic elements are suspended; a complex mixture with properties of both a colloid and a true solution

Answer 64

cytosol

Question 65

cytoplasm - parts cytosol is made up largely of

Answer 65

water

Question 66

cytoplasm - parts proteins, salt, sugars, and a variety of other solutes are dissolved in this part of the cytoplasm

Answer 66

cytosol

Question 67

cytoplasm - parts little organs

Answer 67

organelles

Question 68

cytoplasm - parts specialized cellular compartments or other structures, each performing its own job to maintain the life of the cell

Answer 68

organelles

Question 69

cytoplasm - organelles (parts) major cell sites that consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide in chemical processes that transfer energy to ATP, which can then provide energy for cell functions

Answer 69

mitochondria

Question 70

cytoplasm - organelles (parts) composed of RNA and protein; sites of protein synthesis

Answer 70

ribosomes

Question 71

cytoplasm - organelles (parts) network of flattened sacs and tubules in the cytoplasm

Answer 71

endoplasmic reticulum (er)

Question 72

cytoplasm - organelles (parts) has attached ribosomes and is primarily involved in the packaging of proteins to be secreted by the cell or distributed to other organelles

Answer 72

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 73

is tubular, lacks ribosomes, and is the site of lipid synthesis and calcium accumulation and release

Answer 73

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 74

cytoplasm - parts modifies and sorts the proteins that are synthesized on the rough or granular endoplasmic reticulum and packages them into secretory vesicles

Answer 74

golgi apparatus

Question 75

cytoplasm - parts use oxygen to remove hydrogen from organic molecules and in the process from hydrogen peroxide

Answer 75

peroxisomes

Question 76

cytoplasm - parts digest particulate matter that enters the cell

Answer 76

lysosomes

Question 77

cellular basis of life - human cell 3 main parts an organelle that controls cellular activities lies near the cell's center

Answer 77

nucleus

Question 78

cellular basis of life - human cell 3 main parts

Answer 78

plasma membrane cytoplasm nucleus