Chapter 30: MNT in Cancer

Question 1

refers to the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells that develop into tumors, which may compress, invade, and destroy

Answer 1

cancer

Question 2

pertains to a new growth of tissue forming an abnormal mass with no function

aka neoplasm

Answer 2

tumor

Question 3

tumor is also known as

Answer 3

neoplasm

Question 4

means to spread by the movement of cancer cells from one part of the body to another

Answer 4

metastasize

Question 5

describes tumors that stop growing without intervention or can be removed surgically, and most often pose no threat to health

Answer 5

benign

Question 6

describes tumors that multiply out of control, threaten health, and require treatment

Answer 6

malignant

Question 7

factors that cause mutations that give rise to cancer, such as radiation and carcinogens

Answer 7

initiators

Question 8

factors that favor the development of cancers once they have begun

Answer 8

promoters

Question 9

factors that oppose the development of cancers

Answer 9

anti-promoters

Question 10

types of cancers

affects glandular tissues

Answer 10

adenoma

Question 11

types of cancers

affects epithelial cells

Answer 11

carcinoma

Question 12

types of cancers

affect the glial cells of the nervous system

Answer 12

gilomas

Question 13

types of cancers

affects the blood forming cells of the bone marrow

Answer 13

leukemia

Question 14

types of cancers

affects the lymph

Answer 14

lymphoma

Question 15

types of cancers

affects the skin

Answer 15

melanoma

Question 16

types of cancers

arises from the muscle, bone, and connective tissue

Answer 16

sarcoma

Question 17

cancer - stages

cancer may be induced by a physical, chemical, or viral agent called _____

Answer 17

carcinogen

Question 18

cancer - stages

the normal cells are transformed into tumor cells by any of the following: radiation, mutation, chemical carcinogens, epidemiologic factors (sex, age and heredity, hormonal, genetic, and infections)

Answer 18

initation

Question 19

cancer - stages

the initiated cells multiply to form a discrete tumor as affected by diet, malnutrition, lack of physical activity, and age

Answer 19

promotion

Question 20

cancer - stages

cancer tissue cells multiply and metastasize

Answer 20

progression

Question 21

role of diet in cancer

-high-fat diet
-aflatoxins from moldy products
-nitrosamines, nitrates, and nitrites from processed meats
-pyrozylates from broiled, smoked, or charred meats

Answer 21

promoters

Question 22

role of diet in cancer

-fruits and vegetables that are rich in phytochemicals
-vitamins (A, C, E) and minerals (Se, Zn) that can prevent the oxidation of cells and formation of free radicals

Answer 22

antipromoters

Question 23

cancer effects that affects nutrition

syndrome of weight loss, anorexia, asthenia, and anemia

*increased catabolism
*metabolic abnormalities
*sensory changes

Answer 23

cachexia

Question 24

severe malnutrition and body wasting caused by chronic disease (cancer)

Answer 24

cachexia

Question 25

cancer can cause _____ (2)

Answer 25

anorexia and wasting

Question 26

effects of cancer therapy on nutrition -tissue breakdown, urinary losses -mucositis, cheilosis, stomatitis, esophagitis -nausea and vomiting -taste abnormalities -anorexia and oligophagia -diarrhea and constipation -altered digestion and absorption -depressed immune function

Answer 26

chemotherapy

Question 27

effects of cancer therapy on nutrition - radiotherapy sore throat, mucositis, anorexia, altered sensations, and weight loss

Answer 27

head and neck

Question 28

effects of cancer therapy on nutrition - radiotherapy esophagitis with dysphagia and esophageal obstruction or stricture

Answer 28

thorax

Question 29

effects of cancer therapy on nutrition - radiotherapy acute gastritis, enteritis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, severe gastrointestinal damage and malabsorption

Answer 29

abdomen and pelvis

Question 30

effects of cancer therapy on nutrition - surgery impaired ingestion, dysphagia

Answer 30

head and neck

Question 31

effects of cancer therapy on nutrition - surgery partial or total ablation of esophagus

Answer 31

esophagus

Question 32

effects of cancer therapy on nutrition - surgery dumping syndrome, impaired absorption of vitamin b12 and iron

Answer 32

gastrectomy

Question 33

effects of cancer therapy on nutrition - surgery altered hormonal secretions

Answer 33

pancreatic resection

Question 34

effects of cancer therapy on nutrition - surgery fluid, bile salt, and electrolyte losses

Answer 34

colectomy

Question 35

cancer - mgmt medical (2)

Answer 35

appetite enhancers, antiemetic drugs

Question 36

cancer - dietary mgmt diet: ? rationale: adjusted according to tolerance

Answer 36

high kcal, high chon

Question 37

cancer - dietary mgmt vitamin and mineral supplements, TPN or tube feeding (if necessary),

Answer 37

-

Question 38

cancer - dietary mgmt diet: ? rationale: after transplant, give because of immunosuppressive drugs

Answer 38

high-calcium, high-kcal, high-chon diets, high vitamin D