Chapter 20: Dietary Mgmt of Fevers and Infections Flashcards by isabelle _

Q

a temporary increase in the body temperature usually due to viral or bacterial infection in the body

A

fever

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Q

other term for fever

A

pyrexia

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Q

is the invasion and development of pathogenic microorganisms or parasites that results in abnormal body processes

A

infection

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Q

fever - classifications

fevers of short duration

A

acute

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Q

fever - classifications

fever lasts for week; may be longstanding or intermittent

A

chronic

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Q

fever - metabolic effects

_____ BMR

A

increased

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Q

fever - metabolic effects

_____ tissue catabolism

A

increased

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Q

fever - metabolic effects

_____ loss of body water

A

increased

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Q

fever - metabolic effects

_____ electrolyte loss (e.g. sodium and potassium)

A

increased

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Q

fever - metabolic effects

_____ glycogen and adipose tissue stores

A

decreased

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Q

fever - metabolic effects

_____ activity of the digestive system

A

decreased

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Q

fever - metabolic effects

_____ appetite with feelings of nausea and sometimes vomiting

A

poorer

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Q

fever - metabolic effects

_____ weakness and prostration in serious cases

A

general

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Q

fever - metabolic effects

_____ (2) pains may be present

A

muscle and joint

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Q

extreme physical weakness or emotional exhaustion.

A

prostration

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Q

infection - classifications

short, duration, sudden onset, rapid progression

A

acute

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Q

infection - classifications

last for weeks, months, or years

A

chronic

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Q

infection - classifications

occur in periodic intervals

A

recurrent

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Q

dietary mgmt - fevers and infection

diet: ?
rationale: 13% increase in BMR per C rise in body temp
7% increase in BMR per F rise in body temp

A

high kcal

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Q

dietary mgmt - fevers and infection

diet: ?
rationale: to replace losses
10% increase in BMR per C rise in body temp
5% increase in BMR per F rise in body temp

A

high chon

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Q

dietary mgmt - fevers and infection

diet: ?
rationale: to spare protein, provide quick energy, and replenish depleted glycogen stores
*easily digested

A

high cho

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Q

dietary mgmt - fevers and infection

diet: ?
rationale: to supply additional calories
*in emulsified form

A

increased fat

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Q

dietary mgmt - fevers and infection

diet: ?
rationale: to replenish losses

A

high fluids

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Q

dietary mgmt - fevers and infection

diet: ?
rationale: electrolyte imbalance

A

minerals

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dietary mgmt - fevers and infection diet: ? rationale: for energy metabolism, wound healing

vitamins

dietary mgmt - fevers and infection diet: ? rationale: gradual adjustment to peristaltic changes

progressive diet from clear to normal

serious disease that may be spread by food and water contamination

typhoid fever

causative agent of typhoid fever

salmonella typhosa

symptoms: anorexia, fever, weakness, stomach pains, and headache constipation and rash for some patients; internal bleeding and death can occur but are rare

typhoid fever

typhoid fever - medical mgmt to arrest infection

antibiotics

dietary mgmt - typhoid fever diet: ? rationale: presence of fever

high kcal, high protein, high fluids

dietary mgmt - typhoid fever diet: ? rationale: to prevent irritation of the GIT lining

low fiber

inflammatory disease which is a complication of inadequately treated strep throat or scarlet fever may cause permanent damage to the heart

rheumatic fever

causative agent of rheumatic fever

streptococcus bacteria

symptoms: -fever -painful and tender joints -red, hot or swollen joints -small, painless pumps beneath the skin -chest pain -heart murmur; fatigue -flat or slightly raised, painless rash with a ragged edge -jerky, uncontrollable body movements - most often in the hands -outbursts of unusual behavior (crying, or inappropriate laughing) that accompanies sydenham chorea

rheumatic fever

jerky, uncontrollable and purposeless movements of the hands, arms, shoulder, face, legs, and trunk.

sydenham chorea

rheumatic fever - medical mgmt (4)

antibiotics, pain relievers, corticosteroids, prophylaxis

rheumatic fever - dietary mgmt diet: ? rationale: presence of fever

high kcal, high chon

rheumatic fever - dietary mgmt diet: ? rationale: to minimize cardiac output due to fluid overload

Na and fluid controlled

rheumatic fever - dietary mgmt diet: ? rationale: to replace losses

vitamin and mineral supplements

a contagious bacterial infection that affects the lungs may spread to other organs

pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB)

causative agent of pulmonary tuberculosis

mycobacterium tuberculosis, tubercle bacilli

symptoms: cough and night sweating, weight loss, and malaise

pulmonary tuberculosis

pulmonary tuberculosis - medical mgmt

antibiotics

pulmonary tuberculosis - dietary mgmt dietary: ? rationale: presence of fever, replace losses, promote healing

high kcal, high chon

pulmonary tuberculosis - dietary mgmt dietary: ? rationale: replace losses

calcium and Fe

pulmonary tuberculosis - dietary mgmt dietary: ? rationale: prevent hemorrhage

vitamin k

pulmonary tuberculosis - dietary mgmt dietary: ? rationale: some antituberculosis drugs displace these

vitamin b6 and b12

pulmonary tuberculosis - dietary mgmt dietary: ? rationale: for energy metabolism

vitamin b complex

pulmonary tuberculosis - dietary mgmt dietary: ? rationale: reduced appetite

small frequent meals

pulmonary tuberculosis - dietary mgmt dietary: ? rationale: prevent irritation

consistency adjusted according to tolerance

an acute diarrheal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water

cholera

causative agent of cholera

vibrio cholera

symptoms: severe fluid and electrolyte losses, may cause shock and death

cholera

cholera - dietary mgmt dietary: ? rationale: to replace losses

fluid and electrolyte

cholera - dietary mgmt dietary: ? rationale: to prevent steatorrhea

fat-restricted

is an inflammation of the lining around the spinal cord and the brain; called meninges

meningitis

symptoms: inflammation of the meninges, muscle pains and lesions, headache and weakness, and hyperirritability

meningitis

meningitis - dietary mgmt dietary: ? rationale: to arrest the infection and provide requirements during catabolism

high kcal, high chon

is an inflammation of the brain

encephalitis

symptoms: infection of the brain; congenital malformations, seizures, stupor, coma, delirium

encephalitis

encephalitis - dietary mgmt

same as fevers and infection

also known as pertusis

whooping cough

a respiratory tract infection that is highly contagious

whooping cough

causative agent of whooping cough

bordetella pertussis

symptoms: affects the respiratory tract; paroxysms of coughing

whooping cough

whooping cough - dietary mgmt

same as fevers and infection

is an infectious disease affecting the throat and upper airways; produces a toxin that affects other organs

diptheria

causative agent of diptheria

corynebacterium diptheriae

symptoms: lesions in the pharynx, heart, and nerves

diptheria

diptheria - dietary mgmt

same as fevers and infections

an intradermal infection that produces local inflammation and toxemia

erysipelas

causative agent for erysipelas

streptococcal infection

symptoms: intradermal infection that produces local inflammation and toxemia

erysipelas

erysipelas - dietary mgmt

same as fevers and infection

a bacterial illness that develops in some people who have strep throat

scarlet fever

causative agent for scarlet fever

erythrogenic toxins

symptoms: adenitis, sinusitis, nephritis

scarlet fever

scarlet fever - dietary mgmt

same as fever and infections

viral infections an inflammation and destruction of the gray matter of the spinal cord

poliomyelitis

viral infections - poliomyelitis muscles are affected

spinal

viral infections - poliomyelitis swallowing is affected

bulbar

poliomyelitis - dietary mgmt dietary: ? rationale: to meet nutrient requirements

IVF

poliomyelitis - dietary mgmt dietary: ? rationale: to facilitate swallowing

tube feeding

poliomyelitis - dietary mgmt dietary: ? rationale: to prevent irritation

fiber-restricted

poliomyelitis - dietary mgmt dietary: ? rationale: to rest the organ and provide adjustment to normal peristalsis

gradual introduction of food from clear to normal

viral infections refers to the most advanced stages of HIV infection it is an HIV infection along with a CD4 cell count of 200 or less, dementia, wasting syndrome, cancers (Kaposi's sarcoma or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, or one of 20 other opportunistic conditions)

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

causative agent: human immunodeficiency virus; a retrovirus that can destroy the helper T cells, making the patient prone to opportunistic infections

AIDS

signs: weight loss, cough, prolonged fever and diarrhea, thrush in mouth, repeated infections, mental regression, and lipodystrophy

AIDS

AIDS - dietary mgmt dietary: ? rationale: to meet nutritional needs when oral intake is impossible or inadequate

parenteral, tube feeding

AIDS - dietary mgmt dietary: ? rationale: to facilitate swallowing

clear to soft

AIDS - dietary mgmt dietary: ? rationale: support the catabolic effects of disease

high kcal, high chon

AIDS - dietary mgmt dietary: ? rationale: to control hyperlipidemia *no simple sugars

fat-controlled

AIDS - dietary mgmt dietary: ? rationale: if there is malabsorption

supplements of A, D, E, K

AIDS - dietary mgmt dietary: ? rationale: for energy metabolism

vitamin b

AIDS - dietary mgmt dietary: ? rationale: for blood losses, when necessary

iron

AIDS - dietary mgmt dietary: ? rationale: for improved immune function

zinc