Chapter 21: MNT in Weight Management and Eating Disorders

Question 1

a pathologic condition when the actual body weight is more than 111-119% of the desirable body weight

Answer 1

overweight

Question 2

a pathologic condition when the actual body weight is more than 120% than the desirable body weight

Answer 2

obesity

Question 3

aka quetelet index

Answer 3

body mass index (BMI)

Question 4

is the ratio of weight in kg to height in m2

this provides a measure of body mass ranging from thinness (chronic energy deficit) to adiposity or obesity

Answer 4

bmi

Question 5

obesity - types

central body fat distribution

apple-shaped

Answer 5

android

Question 6

obesity - types

lower body fat distribution

pear-shapes

Answer 6

gynoid or gynecoid

Question 7

obesity - classification

due to an imbalance of energy intake and expenditure

Answer 7

simple

Question 8

obesity - classification

ob gene that codes for leptin; the 40% chance of being obese when one parent is obese is responsible for obesities in many cases

Answer 8

genetic

Question 9

obesity - classification

adult onset obesity; increase in size of fat cells

Answer 9

hypertrophic

Question 10

obesity - classification

childhood onset obesity; increase in number of fat cells

Answer 10

hyperplastic

Question 11

obesity - classification

due to Cushing syndrome, hypothyroidism, pregnancy

Answer 11

endocrine-related obesities

Question 12

etiologic factors - heredity/genetics

ob gene codes that suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure

Answer 12

leptin

Question 13

etiologic factors - heredity/genetics

permit only heat loss; no formation of adenosine triphosphate; increase basal metabolic rate (BMR); resist weight gain

Answer 13

uncoupling proteins

Question 14

etiologic factors - heredity/genetics

releases energy as heat

Answer 14

brown fat

Question 15

etiologic factors - heredity/genetics

stores the energy

Answer 15

white fat

Question 16

etiologic factors

fat cells only shrink their sized but not reduce their number

Answer 16

childhood nutrition

Question 17

etiologic factors

can increase tendency to binge eat; can also cause weight gain after drastic weight loss

Answer 17

stress

Question 18

etiologic factors

low physical activity increases deposition of fats

Answer 18

activity

Question 19

overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt

it is reasonable to lose _____ lbs per week

Answer 19

1-2 lbs

Question 20

overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt

to lose 1-2 lbs per week, a deduction of _____ kcal from the total energy requirement is needed

Answer 20

500-1000 kcal

Question 21

overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt

basis of estimate
1 g of fat = _____ kcal

Answer 21

9 kcal

Question 22

overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt

basis of estimate
1 g body fat = _____ kcal

Answer 22

7.7 kcal

Question 23

overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt

basis of estimate
1 lb body fat _____ g

454.55 x 7.7 = 3500 kcal

3500/7 days = 500 kcal

Answer 23

454.55 g

Question 24

overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt

TER may be based on

_____ and _____ with the deduction of 500-1000 kcal to effect a 1-2 lbs/week loss

Answer 24

actual body weight and level of PA

Question 25

overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt TER may be based on: desirable body weight and level of activity desirable body wt (kg) with _____ kcal/day

Answer 25

20-25 kcal/day

Question 26

overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt TER may be based on: desirable body weight and level of activity desirable body wt (lb) with _____ kcal/day

Answer 26

10 kcal/day

Question 27

overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt meal plan: a high-fat diet contributes to increased food intake because it is palatable, has increased energy value, low satiety, low leptin supply, and efficient metabolism

Answer 27

low-fat diets

Question 28

overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt meal plan: controlled because glucose contributed glycerol phosphate for synthesis of fat (for cho-sensitive individuals) and adequate water

Answer 28

cho

Question 29

overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt meal plan: vitamin mineral supplementation may be necessary for _____ kcal

Answer 29

1200 kcal

Question 30

low kcal diet

Answer 30

1200 kcal

Question 31

very low kcal diet given to those who are morbidly obese and those who will undergo Bariatric surgery

Answer 31

800 kcal

Question 32

overweight/obesity - mgmt build lean mass, regulates appetite, increases energy expenditure, increases BMR and reduces stress

Answer 32

exercise

Question 33

overweight/obesity - dietary mgmt meal plan: the cornerstone of lifestyle modification; focuses on restructuring a person's environment, nutrient intake, and physical activity by using goal setting, stimulus control, cognitive restructuring, and relapse prevention

Answer 33

behavior modification

Question 34

overweight/obesity - mgmt tranquilizers, appetite-suppressant, hormones to correct imbalance, diuretics

Answer 34

medical

Question 35

weight mgmt - issues espouse exaggerated or false theories of weight loss and advise consumers to follow inadequate diets

Answer 35

fad diets

Question 36

weight mgmt - issues lipoprotein lipase (which hydrolyzes fat after delivery to the adipose tissues) is activated causing more weight gain after weight loss

Answer 36

weight cycling

Question 37

weight mgmt - issues (dangerous drugs) can cause dry mouth, tachycardia, insomnia, kidney failures, seizures, and strokes), ephedra (death, psychosis, strokes, and seizures

Answer 37

phenylpropanolamine

Question 38

weight mgmt - issues (dangerous drugs) cause death, psychosis, strokes, and seizures

Answer 38

ephedra

Question 39

weight mgmt - issues (dangerous drugs) increases BMR

Answer 39

triiodothyroacetic acid

Question 40

refers to the state when the ABW is less than 90% of the DBW or the BMI is less then 18.5 kg/m2

Answer 40

underweight

Question 41

causes: -low food intake -increased activity -malabsorption -increased metabolism

Answer 41

underweight

Question 42

underweight - dietary mgmt calculate TER based on: ABW and level of PA with the addition of _____ kcal to effect 1-2 lbs/week weight gain

Answer 42

500-1000 kcal

Question 43

underweight - dietary mgmt calculate TER based on: desirable body weight and level of activity

Answer 43

-

Question 44

underweight - dietary mgmt calculate TER based on: desirable body weight (kg) with _____

Answer 44

45-50 kcal/day

Question 45

underweight - mgmt may promote gaining of lean mass

Answer 45

exercise

Question 46

underweight - mgmt small frequent feeding, healthier eating habits, less strenuous activities

Answer 46

behavior modifications

Question 47

underweight - mgmt appetite enhancers

Answer 47

drugs

Question 48

eating disorders refers to an eating disorder characterized by a refusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight and a distortion of body shape and weight

Answer 48

anorexia nervosa

Question 49

eating disorders etiological factors: distorted body image brought about by familial or environment influences

Answer 49

anorexia nervosa

Question 50

eating disorders characteristics: -refusal to gain weight -intense fear of gaining weight tho underweight -disturbance in the way body shape is experience -amenorrhea

Answer 50

anorexia nervosa

Question 51

absence of menstrual periods

Answer 51

amenorrhea

Question 52

eating disorders types of anorexia nervosa (2)

Answer 52

restricting types and binging type

Question 53

eating disorders - complications hypothermia/dehydration

Answer 53

metabolic

Question 54

eating disorders - complications bradycardia, arrhythmia

Answer 54

cardiovascular

Question 55

eating disorders - complications electrolyte imbalance, anemia

Answer 55

nutritional

Question 56

eating disorders - complications leukopenia

Answer 56

hematologic

Question 57

eating disorders - complications azotemia

Answer 57

renal

Question 58

eating disorders - complications muscle weakness, stress fractures

Answer 58

musculoskeletal

Question 59

eating disorders - complications diarrhea, constipation, swollen glands, damaged lining, atrophy

Answer 59

gastrointestinal

Question 60

eating disorders - complications infection

Answer 60

immunologic

Question 61

a condition that happens when waste product levels in your blood are too high

Answer 61

azotemia

Question 62

dietary mgmt use food items that do not promote early satiety; increase frequency; supplementations; cold or room temp foods; less caffeine behavior modification, psychologic mgmt

Answer 62

anorexia nervosa

Question 63

pertains to an eating disorder characterized by repeated episodes of binge eating usually followed by self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives or diuretics, fasting or excessive exercise

Answer 63

bulimia nervosa

Question 64

eating disorders characteristics: -binge eating -self-induced vomiting -misuse of laxatives -diuretics or enemas -negative self-perceptions

Answer 64

bulimia nervosa

Question 65

types of bulimia nervosa (2)

Answer 65

purging and non-purging types

Question 66

eating disorders complications: metabolic acidosis, pharyngitis, esophagitis, parotitis, dental problems, colon injury, myocarditis

Answer 66

bulimia nervosa

Question 67

eating disorders - mgmt use of food items that promote early satiety; warm foods; include foods that require effort to eat in portions

Answer 67

bulimia nervosa

Question 68

eating disorders - mgmt eat slowly and seating down

Answer 68

bulimia nervosa

Question 69

eating disorders - mgmt use of antidepressants and opiate antagonists (restrict consumption of sweets and high fatty foods)

Answer 69

bulimia nervosa