Chapter 1 - Roots Flashcards by Dana Schatz

The study of the origin of words

etymology

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Marks to the vowels to guide you in pronouncing

them

diacritical marks Long ( _ ) or Short ( ˘ ); long pronounce vowel like actual alphabet pronunciation; short opposite

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AAMT

American Association for Medical Transcription; style where diseases, procedures, and conditions that are named after people are spelled without the possessive form

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word root

fundamental portion of a word that contains the

basic meaning. For example, the word root cardi means “heart.”

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Combining forms

word root and a combining vowel that enable two parts to be connected. For example, the word root cardi the combining vowel -o- can form words relating to the basic meaning “heart,” such as cardiology

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Prefixes

word parts attached to the beginning of a word or word
root that modify the meaning of that word root. For example, the pre-fix peri-, meaning “around, near, surrounding,” helps to form the word pericardium, meaning “around or surrounding the heart.”

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Suffixes

word parts attached to the end of a word or word root that
modify the meaning of that word root. For example, the suffix - oid, meaning “like or resembling,” helps to form the word fibroid, meaning “made of fibrous tissue.”

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acanth(o)

spiny; thorny

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actin(o)

light

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aer(o)

air; gas

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alge, algesi, algio, algo

pain

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amyl(o)

starch

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andro

masculine

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athero

plaque; fatty substance

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bacill(i)

bacilli; bacteria

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bacteri(o)

bacteria

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bar(o)

weight; pressure

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bas(o), basi(o)

base

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bio-

life

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blasto

immature cells

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cac(o)

bad; ill

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calc(o), calci(o)

calcium

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carcin(o)

cancer

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chem(o)

chemical

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chlor(o)

chlorine, green

chondrio, chondro

cartilage, grainy, gritty

chore(o)

dance, movement

chrom, chromat, chromo

color

chrono

time

chyl(o)

chyle, a digestive juice

chym(o)

chyme, semifluid production of chyme in the stomach

cine(o)

movement

coni(o)

dust

crin(o)

secrete

cry(o)

cold

crypt(o)

hidden; obscure

cyan(o)

blue

cycl(o)

circle; cycle; ciliary body

cyst(o), cysti

bladder, cyst, cystic duct

cyt(o)

cell

dextr(o)

right, toward the right

dips(o)

thirst

dors(o), dorsi

back

dynamo

force; energy

echo

reflected sound

electr(o)

electricity; electric

eosin(o)

red; rosy

ergo

work

erythr(o)

red, redness

esthesio

sensation, perception

ethmo

ethmoid bone

etio

cause

fibr(o)

fiber

fluor(o)

light; luminous; fluorine

fungi

fungus

galact(o)

milk

gen(o)

producing; being born

gero, geront(o)

old age

gluco

glucose

glyco

sugars

gonio

angle

granulo

granular

gyn(o), gyne, gyneco

women

home(o), homo

same; constant

hydr(o)

hydrogen, water

hypn(o)

sleep

iatr(o)

physician; treatment

ichthy(o)

dry; scaly; fish

idio

distinct; unknown

immun(o)

safe; immune

kal(i)

potassium

karyo

nucleus

ket(o), keton(o)

ketone; acetone

kin(o), kine

movement

kinesi(o), kineso

motion

kyph(o)

humpback

lact(o), lacti

milk

latero

lateral, to one side

lepto

light, frail, thin

leuk(o)

white

lip(o)

fat

lith(o)

stone

log(o)

speech, words, thought

lys(o)

dissolution

macr(o)

large; long

medi(o)

middle; medial plane

meg(a), megal(o)

large; million

melan(o)

black; dark

mes(o)

middle; median

micr(o)

small; one-millionth; tiny

mio

smaller; less

morph(o)

structure; shape

narco

sleep; numbness

necr(o)

death; dying

noct(i)

night

oncho, onco

tumor

orth(o)

straight; normal

oxy

sharp; acute; oxygen

pachy

thick

path(o)

disease

phago

eating; devouring; swallowing

pharmaco

drugs; medicine

phon(o)

sound; voice; speech

phot(o)

light

physi, physio

physical; natural

physo

air; gas; growing

phyt(o)

plant

plasma, plasmo

formative; plasma

poikilo

varied; irregular

pseud(o)

false

pyo

pus

pyreto

fever

pyro

fever; fire; heat

radio

radiation; x-ray; radius

salping(o)

tube

schisto

split

schiz(o)

split; division

scler(o)

hardness; hardening

scolio

crooked; bent

scoto

darkness

sidero

iron

sito

food; grain

somat(o)

body

somn(o), somni

sleep

sono

sound

spasmo

spasm

spher(o)

round; spherical

spir(o)

breath; breathe

squamo

scale; squamous

staphyl(o)

grapelike clusters

steno

narrowness

stere(o)

three-dimensional

strepto

twisted chains; streptococci

styl(o)

peg-shaped

syring(o)

tube

tel(o), tele(o)

distant; end; complete

terato

monster (as a malformed fetus)

therm(o)

heat

tono

tension; pressure

top(o)

place; topical

tox(i), toxico, toxo

poison; toxin

tropho

food; nutrition

vivi

life

xanth(o)

yellow

xeno

stranger

xer(o)

dry

xiph(o)

sword; xiphoid

zo(o)

life

zym(o)

fermentation; enzyme

Health Insurance Portability and Account- | ability Act of 1996 (HIPAA)

This law protects health insurance cover- age for workers and their families when they change or lose their jobs. The act also requires the Department of Health and Human Services to establish national standards for electronic health care transactions and national identifiers such as personal identification numbers (or PINS) for providers, health plans, and employers. It also addresses the security and privacy of health data. The goal of the law is to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the nation's health care system by encouraging the widespread use of electronic data interchange in health care.

SOAP approach

subjective, objective, assessment, and plan; When first dealing with a patient, the health care practitioner receives the subjective information from the patient (how the patient feels, what the symptoms are). Next, the health care practitioner performs an examination (takes temperature, blood pressure, pulse) and orders tests (blood and urine tests, allergy tests), thereby getting the objective facts needed for a diagnosis. The assessment stage is the examination of all data and the reaching of a conclusion (the diagnosis). Finally, a plan—treatments, medications, tests, and patient education—is determined and put into action for ongoing evaluation. Other method is chronological.

SNOMED ( Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine) Clinical Terms

an international attempt to standardize medical terminology for use in electronic medical records

The International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification

current standard for coding patient records and death certificates

ICD-10CM and ICD-10PCS

(Professional Coding System prepared by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid) are currently available; however, the United States is not currently using the new updated classifications.