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Medical Terminology > Chapter 4 - Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

integumentary system

A

includes the skin or integument, the hair, the
nails, the sweat glands (also called the sudoriferous glands), and the oil-producing glands (also called the sebaceous glands); covers and protects the body, helps regulate the body’s temperature, excretes some of the body’s waste materials, and includes the body’s sensors for pain and sensation.

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2
Q

epidermis

A

outer layer of skin; made up of cells called squamous epithelium; nonvascular layer of skin, meaning that it does not contain blood vessels.

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3
Q

strata

A

sublayers

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4
Q

squamous epithelium

A

flat, scaly layer of cells in epidermis

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5
Q

stratified squamous epithelium

A

layers that make up the squamous epithelium

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6
Q

stratum corneum

A

top sublayer of the epidermis; flat layer of dead cells arranged in parallel rows. As new cell s are produced, the dead cells are sloughed off. As they die, the cells in the stratum corneum fill with keratin.

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7
Q

keratin

A

waterproof barrier to keep microorganisms out and moisture in; keratin of the epidermis is softer than the hard keratin in nails; Hard, horny protein that forms nails and hair.

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8
Q

stratum germinativum

A

bottom sublayer of the epidermis; here new cells are produced and pushed up to the stratum corneum.

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9
Q

melanocytes

A

Specialized cells in the epidermis that produce a pigment called melanin, which helps to determine skin and hair color. Melanin is essential in screening out ultraviolet rays of the sun that can harm the body’s cells.

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10
Q

dermis (also called the corium)

A

contains two sublayers (the papillary layer and the reticular layer); contains connective tissue that holds many capillaries, lymph cells, nerve endings, sebaceous and sweat glands, and hair follicles which nourish the dermis and serve as sensitive touch receptors

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11
Q

papillary layer

A

thin top layer of dermis containing small papillae (nipple-like masses)

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12
Q

reticular layer

A

thicker layer of dermis containing reticula (network of structures with connective tissue between)

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13
Q

collagen

A

The dermis connective tissue is composed primarily of collagen fibers that form a strong, elastic network. Collagen is a protein substance that is very tough, yet flexible.

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14
Q

striae

A

When the collagen fibers stretch, they form striae or stretch marks.

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15
Q

subcutaneous layer

A

between the dermis and the body’s inner organs; consists of adipose (or fatty) tissue and some layers of fibrous tissue, blood vessels and nerves. The layer of fatty tissue serves to protect the inner organs and to maintain the body’s temperature.

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16
Q

hair shaft

A

protrudes from the skin; composed of outer layers of scaly cells filled with inner layers of soft and hard keratin.

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17
Q

hair root

A

lies beneath the surface of the skin

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18
Q

follicles

A

tubular sacs that hold the hair fibers; shape of follicle determines shape of hair

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19
Q

epilation or depilation

A

general term for removal of hair by the roots

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20
Q

lunula

A

whitish half-moon at the base of most nails where keratin and other cells have mixed with air

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21
Q

exocrine glands

A

Glands that secrete outward toward the surface of the body through ducts

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22
Q

diaphoresis

A

The excretion of sweat

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23
Q

eccrine glands

A

excrete a colorless fluid that keeps the body at a constant

temperature

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24
Q

apocrine glands

A

appear during and after puberty and secrete sweat from the armpits, near the reproductive organs, and around the nipples; female breast, which contains mammary glands, is itself a specialized type of apocrine gland that is adapted to secreting milk after childbirth

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25
ceruminous glands
specialized glands in the surface of the ear that secretes cerumen, a waxy substance that lubricates and protects the ear.
26
sebaceous glands
located in the dermis and secrete an oily substance called sebum, which is found at the base of the hair follicles, and serves to lubricate and protect the skin. Sebum forms a skin barrier against bacteria and fungi and also softens the surface of the skin.
27
adipose
fatty; relating to fat.
28
alopecia
Lack of hair in spots; baldness.
29
hypodermis
Subcutaneous skin layer; layer below the dermis.
30
integument
Skin and all the elements that are contained within and arise from it.
31
adip(o)
fatty
32
dermat(o), derm(o)
skin
33
hidr(o)
sweat, sweat glands
34
ichthy(o)
fish, scaly
35
kerat(o)
horny tissue
36
lip(o)
fatty
37
melan(o)
black, very dark
38
myc(o)
fungus
39
onych(o)
nail
40
pil(o)
hair
41
seb(o)
sebum, sebaceous glands
42
steat(o)
fat
43
trich(o)
hair
44
xanth(o)
yellow
45
xer(o)
dry
46
bx
biopsy
47
DLE
discoid lupus erythematosus
48
MRSA
A form of staphylococcus aureus that is resistant to a common group of antibiotics that include methicillin, penicillin, and amoxicillin.
49
PPD
purified protein derivative (of tuberculin)
50
PUVA
psoralen—ultraviolet A light therapy (used in the treatment of some disorders such as psoriasis)
51
SLE
systemic lupus erythematosus
52
VRE
A form of enterococcus that is resistant to most antibiotics
53
exudate
Any fluid excreted out of tissue, especially fluid excreted out of an injury to the skin.
54
intradermal
Test that injects antigen or protein between layers of skin.
55
Mantoux test
Test for tuberculosis in which a small dose of tuberculin is injected intradermally with a syringe.
56
patch test
Test for allergic sensitivity in which a small dose of antigen is applied to the skin on a small piece of gauze.
57
Schick test
Test for diphtheria.
58
scratch test
Test for allergic sensitivity in which a small amount of antigen is scratched onto the surface of the skin.
59
tine test (TB tine)
Screening test for tuberculosis in which a small dose of tuberculin is injected into a series of sites within a small space with a tine (instrument that punctures the surface of the skin).
60
abscess
Localized collection of pus and other exudate, usually | accompanied by swelling and redness.
61
acne, acne vulgaris
Inflammatory eruption of the skin, occurring in or near sebaceous glands on the face, neck, shoulder, or upper back.
62
actinic keratosis
Overgrowth of horny skin that forms from over-exposure to sunlight; sunburn.
63
albinism
Rare, congenital condition causing either partial or total lack of pigmentation.
64
alopecia areata
Loss of hair in patches.
65
basal cell carcinoma
Slow-growing cancer of the basal cells of the epidermis, | usually a result of sun damage.
66
nevus
birthmark; lesion (especially a hemangioma) visible at or soon after birth
67
bulla
Bubble-like blister on the surface of the skin.
68
burn
Damage to the skin caused by exposure to heat, chemicals, electricity, radiation, or other skin irritants.
69
callus
Mass of hard skin that forms as a cover over broken skin on certain areas of the body, especially the feet and hands.
70
candidiasis
Yeastlike fungus on the skin, caused by Candida; characterized by pruritus, white exudate, peeling, and easy bleeding; examples are thrush and diaper rash.
71
carbuncle
Infected area of the skin producing pus and usually accompanied by fever.
72
cellulitis
Severe inflammation of the dermis and subcutaneous portions of the skin, usually caused by an infection that enters the skin through an opening, as a wound; characterized by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling.
73
cherry angioma
A dome-shaped vascular angioma lesion that usually occurs in the elderly.
74
chloasma
Group of fairly large, pigmented facial patches, often associated with pregnancy.
75
cicatrix
Growth of fibrous tissue inside a wound that forms a scar; also, general term for scar.
76
cold sore
Eruption around the mouth or lips; herpes simplex virus Type 1.
77
comedo
Open hair follicle filled with bacteria and sebum; common in acne; blackhead.
78
corn
Growth of hard skin, usually on the toes.
79
crust
Hard layer, especially one formed by dried pus, as in a scab.
80
cyst
Abnormal sac containing fluid.
81
decubitus
Chronic ulcer on skin over bony parts that are under constant pressure; pressure sore.
82
depigmentation
Loss of color of the skin.
83
dermatitis
Inflammation of the skin.
84
discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)
Mild form of lupus.
85
ecchymosis
Purplish skin patch (bruise) caused by broken blood vessels beneath the surface.
86
eczema
Severe inflammatory condition of the skin, usually of unknown cause.
87
erosion
Wearing away of the surface of the skin, especially when caused by friction.
88
exanthematous
Viral disease that causes a rash on the skin.
89
excoriation
Injury to the surface of the skin caused by a scratch, abrasion, or burn, usually accompanied by some oozing.
90
fever blister
Eruption around the mouth or lips; herpes simplex virus Type 1.
91
first-degree burn
Least severe burn, causes injury to the surface of the skin without blistering.
92
fissure
Deep slit in the skin.
93
furuncle
Localized skin infection, usually in a hair follicle and containing pus; boil.
94
gangrene
Death of an area of skin, usually caused by loss of blood supply to the area.
95
herpes
An inflammatory skin disease caused by viruses of the family Herpesviridae.
96
herpes simplex virus Type 1
Herpes that recurs on the lips and around the area of the mouth, usually during viral illnesses or states of stress.
97
herpes simplex virus Type 2
herpes that recurs on the genitalia; can be easily transmitted from one person to another through sexual contact.
98
herpes zoster
Painful herpes that affects nerve roots; shingles.
99
impetigo
A type of pyoderma.
100
Kaposi’s sarcoma
Moritz Kaposi (1837–1902), Hungarian dermatologist. Skin cancer associated with AIDS.
101
keloid
Thick scarring of the skin that forms after an injury or surgery.
102
keratosis
Lesion on the epidermis containing keratin.
103
lesion
Wound, damage, or injury to the skin.
104
leukoderma
Absence of pigment in the skin or in an area of the skin.
105
leukoplakia
White patch of mucous membrane on the tongue or cheek.
106
macule
Small, flat, noticeably colored spot on the skin.
107
malignant melanoma
Virulent skin cancer originating in the melanocytes, usually caused by overexposure to the sun.
108
neoplasm
Abnormal tissue growth.
109
nodule
Small knob of tissue.
110
onychia, onychitis
Inflammation of the nail.
111
onychopathy
Disease of the nail.
112
papule
Small, solid elevation on the skin.
113
paronychia
Inflammation, with pus, of the fold surrounding the nail plate.
114
patch
Small area of skin differing in color from the surrounding area; plaque.
115
pediculated
Polyp that projects upward from a slender stalk.
116
pediculosis
Lice infestation.
117
pemphigus
Autoimmune disease that causes skin blistering.
118
petechia (pl., petechiae)
A tiny hemorrhage beneath the surface of the skin.
119
pilonidal cyst
Cyst containing hair, usually found at the lower end | of the spinal column.
120
plantar wart
Wart on the sole of the foot.
121
polyp
Bulging mass of tissue that projects outward from the skin surface.
122
pruritus
itching.
123
psoriasis
Chronic skin condition accompanied by scaly lesions with extreme pruritus.
124
purpura
Skin condition with extensive hemorrhages underneath the skin covering a wide area.
125
pustule
Small elevation on the skin containing pus.
126
pyoderma
Any inflammation of the skin that produces pus.
127
ringworm
fungal infection; tinea.
128
rosacea
Vascular disease that causes blotchy, red patches on the skin, particularly on the nose and cheeks.
129
roseola
Skin eruption of small, rosy patches, usually caused by a virus.
130
rubella
Disease that causes a viral skin rash; German measles.
131
rubeola
Disease that causes a viral skin rash; measles.
132
scabies
Skin eruption caused by a mite burrowing into the skin.
133
scale
Small plate of hard skin that falls off.
134
scleroderma
Thickening of the skin caused by an increase in collagen formation.
135
sebaceous cyst
Cyst containing yellow sebum.
136
seborrhea
Overproduction of sebum by the sebaceous glands.
137
second-degree burn
Moderately severe burn that affects the epidermis and dermis; usually involves blistering.
138
sessile polyp
Polyp that projects upward from a broad base.
139
shingles
Viral disease affecting peripheral nerves and caused by herpes zoster.
140
squamous cell carcinoma
Cancer of the squamous epithelium.
141
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Most severe form of lupus, involving internal organs.
142
telangiectasia
A permanent dilation of the small blood vessels.
143
third-degree burn
Most severe type of burn; involves complete destruction of an area of skin.
144
tinea
Fungal infection; ringworm.
145
tumor
Any mass of tissue; swelling.
146
ulcer
Open lesion, usually with superficial loss of tissue.
147
urticaria
Group of reddish wheals, usually accompanied by pruritus and often caused by an allergy.
148
varicella
Contagious skin disease, usually occurring during childhood, and often accompanied by the formation of pustules; chicken pox.
149
vascular lesion
Lesion in a blood vessel that shows through the skin.
150
verruca (pl., verrucae)
Flesh-colored growth, sometimes caused by a virus; wart.
151
vesicle
small, raised sac on the skin containing fluid.
152
vitiligo
Condition in which white patches appear on otherwise normally pigmented skin.
153
wheal
Itchy patch of raised skin.
154
whitehead
Closed comedo that does not contain the dark bacteria present in blackheads.
155
autograft
Skin graft using skin from one’s own body.
156
biopsy
Excision of tissue for microscopic examination.
157
cauterize
To apply heat to an area to cause coagulation and stop bleeding.
158
debridement
Removal of dead tissue from a wound.
159
dermabrasion
Removal of wrinkles, scars, tattoos, and other marks by scraping with brushes or emery papers.
160
electrodesiccation
Drying with electrical current.
161
fulguration
Destruction of tissue using electric sparks.
162
heterograft; xenograft
Skin graft using donor skin from one species to another
163
homograft; allograft
Skin graft using donor skin from one person to another
164
Mohs’ surgery
Frederic Edward Mohs (1910–1979), U.S. surgeon.; Removal of thin layers of malignant tissue until nonmalignant tissue is found.
165
plastic surgery
Repair or reconstruction (as of the skin) by means of surgery.
166
skin graft
Placement of fresh skin over a damaged area.
167
alpha-hydroxy acid
agent added to cosmetics to improve the skin’s appearance.
168
anesthetic
Agent that relieves pain by blocking nerve sensations.
169
antibacterial
Agent that kills or slows the growth of bacteria.
170
antibiotic
Agent that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms.
171
antifungal
Agent that kills or slows the growth of fungi.
172
antihistamine
Agent that controls allergic reactions by blocking the effectiveness of histamines in the body.
173
anti-inflammatory
Agent that relieves the symptoms of inflammations.
174
antipruritic
Agent that controls itching.
175
antiseptic
Agent that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms.
176
astringent
Agent that removes excess oils and impurities from the surface of skin.
177
chemotherapy
Treatment of cancer that uses chemicals to destroy malignant cells.
178
corticosteroid
Agent with anti-inflammatory properties.
179
emollient
Agent that smooths or softens skin.
180
keratolytic
agent that aids in the removal of warts and corns.
181
parasiticide
Agent that kills or slows the growth of parasites.
182
radiation therapy
Treatment of cancer that uses ionizing radiation to destroy malignant cells.
183
topical anesthetic
Anesthetic applied to the surface of the skin.
184
ultraviolet light
Artificial sunlight used to treat some skin lesions.

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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