Chapter 12 & 13 - Hematic, Lymphatic and Immune Systems Flashcards
1
Q
agglutination
A
Clumping of cells and particles in blood.
2
Q
agglutinogen
A
Substance that causes agglutination.
3
Q
agranulocyte
A
Leukocyte with nongranular cytoplasm.
4
Q
Iron-deficiency anemia
A
lack of enough iron in the blood that affects the production of hemoglobin
5
Q
Aplastic anemia
A
failure of the bone marrow to produce enough red blood cells
6
Q
Pernicious anemia
A
a condition in which the shape and number of the red blood cells changes due to a lack of sufficient vitamin B 1 2
7
Q
Sickle cell anemia
A
hereditary condition (usually in persons of African-American ancestry) characterized by sickle-shaped red blood cells and a breakdown in red blood cell membranes
8
Q
Hemolytic anemia
A
disorder characterized by destruction of red blood cells
9
Q
Posthemorrhagic anemia
A
disorder resulting from a sudden, dramatic loss of blood
10
Q
Thalassemia
A
inherited disorder (usually in people of Mediterranean origin) resulting in an inability to produce sufficient hemoglobin (the most severe form of which is Cooley’s anemia).
11
Q
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
A
disorder in which immature granulocytes (or myeloblasts) invade the bone marrow.
12
Q
chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) or chronic granulocytic leukemia
A
disorder in which mature and immature myeloblasts are present in the bloodstream and marrow.
13
Q
Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
A
disorder with an abnormal number of immature lymphocytes. It is usually a disease of childhood and adolescence.
14
Q
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
A
appears mainly in adults and includes an abnormal number of mature lymphocytes.
15
Q
Neutropenia
A
disorder with an abnormally low number of neutrophils in the bloodstream.
16
Q
Neutrophilia
A
disorder with an abnormal increase in neutrophils.
17
Q
hematopoietic system
A
responsible for the production of the blood cells in the bone marrow.
18
Q
albumin
A
Simple protein found in plasma.
19
Q
basophil
A
Leukocyte containing heparin and histamine.
20
Q
blood
A
Fluid (containing plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets) circulated throughout the arteries, veins, capillaries, and heart.
21
Q
blood types or groups
A
Classification of blood according to its antigen and antibody qualities.
22
Q
coagulation
A
Changing of a liquid, especially blood, into a semi-solid.
23
Q
electrophoresis
A
Process of separating particles in a solution by passing electricity through the liquid.
24
Q
eosinophil
A
Type of granulocyte.
25
erythrocyte
Mature red blood cell.
26
erythropoietin
Hormone released by the kidneys to stimulate red blood cell production.
27
fibrin clot
Clot-forming threads formed at the site of an injury during coagulation where platelets clump together with various other substances.
28
fibrinogen
Protein in plasma that aids in clotting.
29
gamma globulin
Globulin that arises in lymphatic tissue and functions as part of the immune system.
30
globin
Protein molecule in the blood, a part of hemoglobin.
31
globulin
Any of a family of proteins in blood plasma.
32
granulocyte
Leukocyte with granular cytoplasm.
33
hematocrit
Measure of the percentage of red blood cells in a blood sample.
34
hematocytoblast
Most immature blood cell.
35
heme
Pigment containing iron in hemoglobin.
36
hemoglobin
Protein in red blood cells essential to the transport of oxygen.
37
heparin
Substance in blood that prevents clotting.
38
histamine
Substance released by basophils and eosinophils; involved in allergic reactions.
39
leukocyte
Mature white blood cell.
40
lymphocyte
Type of agranulocyte.
41
megakaryocyte
Large cells in red bone marrow that form platelets.
42
monocyte
monocyte [M3N-o-sit] mono-, one -cyte Type of agranulocyte.
43
neutrophil
Type of leukocyte; granulocyte.
44
plasma
Liquid portion of unclotted blood.
45
plasmapheresis
Process of removing blood from a person, centrifuging it, and returning only red blood cells to that person.
46
platelet plate
Thrombocyte; part of a megakaryocyte that initiates clotting.
47
prothrombin
type of plasma protein that aids in clotting.
48
red blood cell
One of the solid parts of blood formed from stem cells and having hemoglobin within; erythrocyte.
49
red blood cell count
Measurement of red blood cells in a cubic millimeter of blood.
50
Rh factor
Type of antigen in blood that can cause a transfusion reaction.
51
Rh-negative
Lacking Rh factor on surface of blood cells.
52
Rh-positive
Having Rh factor on surface of blood cells.
53
serum
the liquid left after blood has clotted.
54
stem cell
Immature cell formed in bone marrow that becomes differentiated into either a red or a white blood cell.
55
thrombin
Enzyme that helps in clot formation.
56
thrombocyte
Platelet; cell fragment that produces thrombin.
57
thromboplastin
Protein that aids in forming a fibrin clot.
58
transfusion
Injection of donor blood into a person needing blood.
59
white blood cell
One of the solid parts of blood from stem cells that plays a role in defense against disease; leukocyte.
60
agglutin(o)
agglutinin
61
eosino
eosinophil
62
erythr(o)
red
63
hemo, hemat(o)
blood
64
leuk(o)
white
65
phag(o)
eating, devouring
66
thromb(o)
blood clot
67
APTT
activated partial thromboplastin time
68
baso
basophil
69
BCP
biochemistry panel
70
BMT
bone marrow transplant
71
CBC
complete blood count
72
diff
differential blood count
73
eos
eosinophils
74
ESR
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
75
G-CSF
granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
76
GM-CSF
granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor
77
HCT, Hct
hematocrit
78
HGB, Hgb, HB
hemoglobin
79
MCH
mean corpuscular hemoglobin
80
MCHC
mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
81
MCV
mean corpuscular volume
82
mono
monocyte
83
PCV
packed cell volume
84
PLT
platelet count
85
PMN, poly
polymorphonuclear neutrophil
86
PT
prothrombin time
87
PTT
partial thromboplastin time
88
RBC
red blood cell count
89
SR, sed.
rate sedimentation rate
90
seg
segmented mature white blood cells
91
WBC
white blood cell count
92
antiglobulin
test for antibodies on red blood cells.
93
biochemistry panel
common group of automated tests run on one blood sample.
94
blood chemistry
Test of plasma for presence of a particular substance such as glucose; chemistry profile
95
blood culture
Test of a blood specimen in a culture medium to observe for particular microorganisms.
96
blood indices
Measurement of the characteristics of red blood cells.
97
complete blood count (CBC)
Most common blood test for a number of factors.
98
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
Test for rate at which red blood cells fall through plasma.
99
partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
Test for ability of blood to coagulate.
100
platelet count (PLT)
Measurement of number of platelets in a blood sample.
101
prothrombin time (PT)
Test for ability of blood to coagulate.
102
red blood cell morphology
Observation of shape of red blood cells.
103
SMA (sequential multiple analyzer)
Original blood chemistry machine; now a synonym for blood chemistry.
104
venipuncture
Insertion of a needle into a vein, usually for the purpose of extracting a blood sample.
105
anemia
Condition in which red blood cells do not transport enough oxygen to the tissues.
106
anisocytosis
Condition with abnormal variation in the size of red blood cells.
107
basophilia
condition with an increased number of basophils in the blood.
108
dyscrasia
Any disease with abnormal particles in the blood.
109
eosinophilia
Condition with an abnormal number of eosinophils in the blood.
110
erythroblastosis fetalis
Incompatibility disorder between a mother with Rh negative and a fetus with Rh positive.
111
erythropenia
Disorder with abnormally low number of red blood cells.
112
granulocytosis
Condition with an abnormal number of granulocytes in the bloodstream.
113
hemochromatosis
Hereditary condition with excessive iron buildup in the blood.
114
hemolysis
Disorder with breakdown of red blood cell membranes.
115
hemophilia
Hereditary disorder with lack of clotting factor in the blood.
116
leukemia
General term for a number of disorders with excessive white blood cells in the bloodstream and bone marrow.
117
macrocytosis
Disorder with abnormally large red blood cells.
118
microcytosis
Disorder with abnormally small red blood cells.
119
multiple myeloma
Malignant tumor of the bone marrow.
120
myeloblast
Immature granulocytes.
121
pancytopenia
Condition with a low number of blood components.
122
poikilocytosis
Disorder with irregularly shaped red blood cells.
123
polycythemia
Disorder with an abnormal increase in red blood cells and hemoglobin.
124
purpura
Condition with multiple tiny hemorrhages under the skin.
125
reticulocytosis
Disorder with an abnormal number of immature erythrocytes.
126
thalassemia
Hereditary disorder characterized by inability to produce sufficient hemoglobin.
127
thrombocytopenia
Bleeding condition with insufficient production of platelets.
128
von Willebrand’s disease
Hemorrhagic disorder with tendency to bleed from mucous membranes.
129
bone marrow biopsy
extraction of bone marrow, by means of a needle, for observation.
130
bone marrow transplant
Injection of donor bone marrow into a patient whose diseased cells have been killed through radiation and chemotherapy.
131
anticoagulant
Agent that prevents formation of blood clots.
132
coagulant
Clotting agent.
133
hemostatic
Agent that stops bleeding.
134
relapse
Recurrence of a disease.
135
remission
Disappearance of a disease for a time.
136
thrombolytic
Agent that dissolves blood clots.
137
acquired active immunity
Resistance to a disease acquired naturally or developed by previous exposure or vaccination.
138
acquired passive immunity
Inoculation against disease or poison, using antitoxins or antibodies from or in another person or another species.
139
antibody
Specialized protein that fights disease; also called immunoglobulin.
140
antigen
Any substance that can provoke an immune response.
141
antitoxin
Antibodies directed against a particular disease or poison.
142
B lymphocytes, B cells
A kind of lymphocyte that manufactures antibodies.
143
cell-mediated immunity
Resistance to disease mediated by T cells.
144
cytotoxic cell
T cell that helps in destruction of infected cells throughout the body.
145
gamma globulin
Antibodies given to prevent or lessen certain diseases.
146
helper cell
T cell that stimulates the immune response.
147
humoral immunity
Resistance to disease provided by plasma cells and antibody production.
148
immunity
resistance to particular pathogens.
149
immunization
Vaccination.
150
immunoglobulin
Antibody.
151
interferon
Protein produced by T cells and other cells; destroys disease-causing cells with its antiviral properties.
152
interleukin
Protein produced by T cells; helps regulate immune system.
153
lymph
Fluid that contains white blood cells and other substances and flows in the lymphatic vessels.
154
lymph node
Specialized organ that filters harmful substances from the tissues and assists in the immune response.
155
lymphocytes
White blood cells made in the bone marrow that are critical to the body’s defense against disease and infection.
156
macrophage
Special cell that devours foreign substances.
157
microphage
Small phagocytic cell that devours foreign substances.
158
natural immunity
Inherent resistance to disease found in a species, race, family group, or certain individuals.
159
pathogen
Disease-causing agent.
160
phagocytosis
Ingestion of foreign substances by specialized cells.
161
plasma cell
Specialized lymphocyte that produces immunoglobulins.
162
spleen
Organ of lymph system that filters and stores blood, removes old red blood cells, and activates lymphocytes.
163
suppressor cell
T cell that suppresses B cells and other immune cells.
164
T cells
Specialized white blood cells that receive markers in the thymus, are responsible for cellular immunity, and assist with humoral immunity.
165
thymosin
Hormone secreted by the thymus gland that aids in distribution of thymocytes and lymphocytes.
166
thymus gland
Soft gland with two lobes that is involved in immune responses; located in mediastinum.
167
vaccination
Injection of an antigen from a different organism to cause active immunity.
168
vaccine
Antigen developed from a different organism that causes active immunity in the recipient.
169
aden(o)
gland
170
immun(o)
immunity
171
lymph(o)
lymph
172
lymphaden(o)
lymph nodes
173
lymphangi(o)
lymphatic vessels
174
splen(o)
spleen
175
thym(o)
thymus
176
tox(o), toxi, toxico
poison
177
AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
178
ALL
acute lymphocytic leukemia
179
AML
acute myelogenous leukemia
180
AZT
Azidothymidine
181
CLL
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
182
HSV
herpes simplex virus
183
IgA
immunoglobulin A
184
IgD
immunoglobulin D
185
IgE
immunoglobulin E
186
IgG
immunoglobulin G
187
CML
chronic myelogenous leukemia
188
CMV
cytomegalovirus
189
EBV
Epstein-Barr virus
190
EIA, ELISA
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
191
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
192
IgM
immunoglobulin M
193
PCP
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
194
SLE
systemic lupus erythematosus
195
ZDV
Zidovudine
196
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA, ELISA)
test used to screen blood for the presence of antibodies to different viruses or bacteria.
197
Western blot
test primarily used to check for antibodies to HIV in serum.
198
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
AIDS.
199
AIDS
Most widespread immunosuppressive disease; caused by the HIV virus.
200
allergen
substance to which exposure causes an allergic response.
201
allergy
Production of IgE antibodies against an allergen.
202
anaphylaxis
Life-threatening allergic reaction.
203
autoimmune disease
Any of a number of diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and scleroderma, caused by an autoimmune response.
204
autoimmune response
Overactivity in the immune system against the body, causing destruction of one’s own healthy cells.
205
histiocytic lymphoma
Lymphoma with malignant cells that resemble histiocytes.
206
Hodgkin’s lymphoma; Hodgkin’s disease
Type of lymph cancer of uncertain origin that generally appears in early adulthood.
207
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Virus that causes AIDS; spread by sexual contact, exchange of body fluids, and shared use of needles.
208
hypersensitivity
Abnormal reaction to an allergen.
209
hypersplenism
Overactive spleen.
210
immunosuppressive disease
Disease that flourishes because of lowered immune response.
211
infectious mononucleosis
Acute infectious disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus.
212
lymphadenopathy
Swollen lymph nodes.
213
lymphocytic lymphoma
Lymphoma with malignant cells that resemble large lymphocytes.
214
lymphoma
Cancer of the lymph nodes.
215
metastasis
Spread of a cancer from a localized area.
216
non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Cancer of the lymph nodes with some cells resembling healthy cells and spreading in a diffuse pattern.
217
opportunistic infection
infection that takes hold because of lowered immune response.
218
retrovirus
type of virus that spreads by using the body’s DNA to help it replicate its RNA.
219
sarcoidosis
Inflammatory condition with lesions on the lymph nodes and other organs.
220
splenomegaly
Enlarged spleen.
221
thymoma
Tumor of the thymus gland.
222
lymphadenectomy
Removal of a lymph node.
223
lymphadenotomy
Incision into a lymph node.
224
lymph node dissection
Removal of a cancerous node for microscopic examination.
225
splenectomy
Removal of the spleen.
226
thymectomy
removal of the thymus gland.
