Chapter 7 - Respiratory System Flashcards
1
Q
Adam’s apple
A
Thyroid cartilage, supportive structure of the larynx; larger in males than in females.
2
Q
adenoids
A
Collection of lymphoid tissue in the nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils.
3
Q
alveolus (pl., alveoli)
A
Air sac at the end of each bronchiole.
4
Q
apex
A
Topmost section of the lung.
5
Q
base
A
Bottom section of the lung.
6
Q
bronchiole
A
Fine subdivision of the bronchi made of smooth muscle and elastic fibers.
7
Q
bronchus (pl., bronchi)
A
One of the two airways from the trachea to the lungs.
8
Q
cilia
A
Hairlike extensions of a cell’s surface that usually provide some protection by sweeping foreign particles away.
9
Q
diaphragm
A
Membranous muscle between the abdominal and thoracic cavities that contracts and relaxes during the respiratory cycle.
10
Q
epiglottis
A
Cartilaginous flap that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway.
11
Q
expiration
A
Exhalation.
12
Q
external respiration
A
Exchange of air between the body and the outside environment.
13
Q
glottis
A
Part of the larynx consisting of the vocal folds of mucous membrane and muscle.
14
Q
hilum (also hilus)
A
Midsection of the lung where the nerves and vessels enter and exit.
15
Q
hypopharynx
A
Laryngopharynx.
16
Q
inferior lobe
A
Bottom lobe of the lung.
17
Q
inhalation
A
Breathing in.
18
Q
inspiration
A
Inhalation.
19
Q
intercostal muscles
A
Muscles between the ribs.
20
Q
internal respiration
A
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the cells.
21
Q
laryngopharynx
A
Part of the pharynx below and behind the larynx.
22
Q
larynx
A
Organ of voice production in the respiratory tract, between the pharynx and the trachea; voice box.
23
Q
lung
A
One of two organs of respiration (left lung and right lung) in the thoracic cavity, where oxygenation of blood takes place.
24
Q
mediastinum
A
Median portion of the thoracic cavity; septum between two areas of an organ or cavity.
25
middle lobe
Middle section of the right lung.
26
nasal cavity
Opening in the external nose where air enters the body.
27
nasal septum
Cartilaginous division of the external nose.
28
nasopharynx
Portion of the throat above the soft palate.
29
nose
External structure supported by nasal bones and containing nasal cavity.
30
nostrils
External openings at the base of the nose; also called external nares.
31
oropharynx
Back portion of the mouth, a division of the pharynx.
32
palatine tonsils
Lymphatic tissue that works as part of the immune system.
33
paranasal sinuses
Area of the nasal cavity where external air is warmed by blood in the mucous membrane lining.
34
parietal pleura
Outer layer of the pleura.
35
pharyngeal tonsils
adenoids.
36
pharynx
passageway at back of mouth for air and food; throat.
37
pleura (pl., pleurae)
Double layer of membrane making up the outside of the lungs.
38
pleural cavity
Space between the two pleura.
39
respiratory system
the body’s system for breathing.
40
respiratory tract
Passageways through which air moves into and out of the lungs.
41
septum
Cartilaginous division, as in the nose or mediastinum.
42
soft palate
Flexible muscular sheet that separates the nasopharynx from the rest of the pharynx.
43
superior lobe
Topmost lobe of each lung.
44
thorax
Chest cavity.
45
trachea
Airway from the larynx into the bronchi; windpipe.
46
visceral pleura
Inner layer of the pleura.
47
vocal cords
Strips of epithelial tissue that vibrate and play a major role in the production of sound.
48
adenoid(o)
adenoid, gland
49
alveol(o)
alveolus
50
bronch(o), bronchi(o)
bronchus
51
bronchiol(o)
bronchiole
52
capn(o)
carbon dioxide
53
epiglott(o)
epiglottis
54
laryng(o)
larynx
55
lob(o)
lobe of the lung
56
mediastin(o)
mediastinum
57
nas(o)
nose
58
or(o)
mouth
59
ox(o), oxi-, oxy
oxygen
60
pharyng(o)
pharynx
61
phon(o)
voice, sound
62
phren(o)
diaphragm
63
pleur(o)
pleura
64
pneum(o), pneumon(o)
air, lung
65
rhin(o)
nose
66
spir(o)
breathing
67
steth(o)
chest
68
thorac(o)
thorax, chest
69
tonsill(o)
tonsils
70
trache(o)
trachea
71
ABG
arterial blood gases, a diagnostic
| test
72
AFB
acid-fast bacillus (causes tuberculosis)
73
A&P
auscultation and percussion
74
AP
anteroposterior
75
ARD
acute respiratory disease
76
ARDS
adult respiratory distress syndrome
77
ARF
acute respiratory failure
78
BS
breath sounds
79
COLD
chronic obstructive lung disease
80
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
81
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
82
DPT
diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus (combined vaccination)
83
ENT
ear, nose, and throat
84
ET tube
endotracheal intubation tube
85
FEF
forced expiratory flow
86
FEV
forced expiratory volume
87
FVC
forced vital capacity
88
HBOT
hyperbaric oxygen therapy
89
IMV
intermittent mandatory ventilation
90
IPPB
intermittent positive pressure breathing
91
IRDS
infant respiratory distress syndrome
92
IRV
inspiratory reserve volume
93
CTA
clear to auscultation
94
CXR
chest x-ray
95
DOE
dyspnea on exertion
96
MDI
metered dose inhaler
97
PA
posteroanterior
98
PCP
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (a type of pneumonia to which AIDS patients are susceptible)
99
PEEP
positive end expiratory pressure
100
PFT
pulmonary function tests
101
PND
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea; postnasal drip
102
RD
respiratory disease
103
RDS
respiratory distress syndrome
104
RLL
right lower lobe [of the lungs]
105
RUL
right upper lobe [of the lungs]
106
LLL
left lower lobe [of the lungs]
107
LUL
left upper lobe [of the lungs]
108
MBC
maximal breathing capacity
109
SARS
severe acute respiratory syndrome
110
SIDS
sudden infant death syndrome
111
SOB
shortness of breath
112
T&A
tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
113
TB
tuberculosis
114
TLC
total lung capacity
115
TPR
temperature, pulse, and respiration
116
URI
upper respiratory infection
117
VC
vital capacity
118
V/Q scan
ventilation/perfusion scan
119
arterial blood gases
Laboratory test that measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood.
120
auscultation
Listening to internal sounds with a stethoscope.
121
bronchial alveolar lavage
Retrieval of fluid for examination through a bronchoscope.
122
bronchial brushing
Retrieval of material for biopsy by insertion of a brush through a bronchoscope.
123
bronchography
Radiological picture of the trachea and bronchi.
124
bronchoscope
Device used to examine airways.
125
endoscope
Tube used to view a body cavity.
126
laryngoscopy
Visual examination of the mouth and larynx using an endoscope.
127
mediastinoscopy
Visual examination of the mediastinum and all the organs within it using an endoscope.
128
nasopharyngoscopy
Examination of the nasal passages and the pharynx using an endoscope.
129
peak flow meter
Device for measuring breathing capacity.
130
percussion
Tapping on the surface of the body to see if lungs are clear.
131
pulmonary function tests
Tests that measure the mechanics of breathing.
132
spirometer
Testing machine that measures the lungs’ volume and capacity.
133
sputum sample or culture
Culture of material that is expectorated (or brought back up as mucus).
134
sweat test
Test for cystic fibrosis that measures the amount of salt in sweat.
135
throat culture
Test for streptococcal or other infections in which a swab taken on the surface of the throat is placed in a culture to see if certain bacteria grow.
136
hyaline membrane disease or respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
disorders in newborns that occur most frequently in premature babies and are often the result of underdeveloped lungs.
137
Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
may have a number of causes, especially injury to the lung.
138
adenoiditis
Inflammation of the adenoids.
139
anthracosis
Lung disease caused by long-term inhalation of coal dust; black lung disease.
140
apnea
Cessation of breathing.
141
asbestosis
Lung disorder caused by long-term inhalation of asbestos (as in construction work).
142
asthma
Chronic condition with obstruction or narrowing of the bronchial airways.
143
atelectasis
Collapse of a lung or part of a lung.
144
bacilli (sing., bacillus)
A type of bacteria.
145
bradypnea
Abnormally slow breathing.
146
bronchitis
Inflammation of the bronchi.
147
bronchospasm
Sudden contraction in the bronchi that causes coughing.
148
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Irregular breathing pattern with a period of apnea followed by deep, labored breathing that becomes shallow, then apneic.
149
chronic bronchitis
Recurring or long-lasting bouts of bronchitis.
150
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Disease of the bronchial tubes or lungs with chronic obstruction.
151
crackles
Popping sounds heard in lung collapse or other conditions; rales.
152
croup
Acute respiratory syndrome in children or infants accompanied by seal-like coughing.
153
cystic fibrosis
Disease that causes chronic airway obstruction and also affects the bronchial tubes.
154
diphtheria
Acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by bacteria.
155
dysphonia
Hoarseness usually caused by laryngitis.
156
dyspnea
Difficult breathing.
157
emphysema
Chronic condition of hyperinflation of the air sacs; often caused by prolonged smoking.
158
empyema
Pus in the pleural cavity.
159
epiglottitis
Inflammation of the epiglottis.
160
epistaxis
Bleeding from the nose, usually caused by trauma or a sudden rupture of the blood vessels of the nose.
161
eupnea
Normal breathing.
162
hemoptysis
Lung or bronchial hemorrhage resulting in the spitting of blood.
163
hemothorax
Blood in the pleural cavity.
164
hypercapnia
Excessive buildup of carbon dioxide in lungs, usually associated with hypoventilation.
165
hyperpnea
Abnormally deep breathing.
166
hyperventilation
Abnormally fast breathing in and out, often associated with anxiety.
167
hypoxemia
Deficient amount of oxygen in the blood.
168
hypoxia
Deficient amount of oxygen in tissue.
169
laryngitis
Inflammation of the larynx.
170
laryngospasm
Sudden contraction of the larynx, which may cause coughing and may restrict breathing.
171
laryngotracheobronchitis
Inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi.
172
mesothelioma
Rare cancer of the lungs associated with asbestosis.
173
nasopharyngitis
Inflammation of the nose and pharynx.
174
orthopnea
Difficulty in breathing, especially while lying down.
175
pansinusitis
Inflammation of all the sinuses.
176
paroxysmal
Sudden, as a spasm or convulsion.
177
pertussis
Severe infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by bacteria; whooping cough.
178
pharyngitis
Inflammation of the pharynx; sore throat.
179
pleural effusion
Escape of fluid into the pleural cavity.
180
pleuritis, pleurisy
Inflammation of the pleura.
181
pneumoconiosis
Lung condition caused by inhaling dust.
182
pneumonia
Acute infection of the alveoli.
183
pneumonitis
Inflammation of the lung.
184
pneumothorax
Accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity.
185
pulmonary abscess
Large collection of pus in the lungs.
186
pulmonary edema
Fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles usually caused by failure of the heart to pump enough blood to and from lungs.
187
rhinitis
Nasal inflammation.
188
rhinorrhea
Nasal discharge.
189
silicosis
Lung condition caused by silica dust from grinding rocks or glass or other materials used in manufacturing.
190
singultus
Hiccuping.
191
sinusitis
Inflammation of the sinuses.
192
stridor
High-pitched crowing sound heard in certain respiratory conditions.
193
tachypnea
Abnormally fast breathing.
194
tonsillitis
Inflammation of the tonsils.
195
tracheitis
Inflammation of the trachea.
196
tuberculosis
Acute infectious disease caused by bacteria called bacilli.
197
upper respiratory infection
Infection of all or part of upper portion of respiratory tract.
198
wheezes
Whistling sounds heard on inspiration in certain breathing disorders, especially asthma.
199
adenoidectomy
Removal of the adenoids.
200
bronchoplasty
Surgical repair of a bronchus.
201
endotracheal intubation (ET)
Insertion of a tube through the nose or mouth, pharynx, and larynx and into the trachea to establish an airway.
202
laryngectomy
Removal of the larynx.
203
laryngocentesis
Surgical puncture of the larynx.
204
laryngoplasty
Repair of the larynx.
205
laryngostomy
Creation of an artificial opening in the larynx.
206
laryngotracheotomy
Incision into the larynx and trachea.
207
lobectomy
Removal of one of the lobes of a lung.
208
otorhinolaryngologist
Medical doctor who diagnoses and treats disorders of the ear, nose, and throat.
209
pleurocentesis
Surgical puncture of pleural space.
210
pleuropexy
Fixing in place of the pleura surgically, usually in case of injury or deterioration.
211
pneumobronchotomy
Incision of the lung and bronchus.
212
pneumonectomy
Removal of a lung.
213
rhinoplasty
Surgical repair of the bones of the nose.
214
septoplasty
Surgical repair of the nasal septum.
215
septostomy
Creation of an opening in the nasal septum.
216
sinusotomy
Incision of a sinus.
217
thoracic surgeon
Surgeon who specializes in surgery of the thorax.
218
thoracocentesis
Surgical puncture of the chest cavity.
219
thoracostomy
establishment of an opening in the chest cavity.
220
thoracotomy
incision into the chest cavity.
221
tonsillectomy
Removal of the tonsils.
222
tracheoplasty
Repair of the trachea.
223
tracheostomy
Creation of an artificial opening in the trachea.
224
tracheotomy
Incision into the trachea.
225
antitussives
Agents that control coughing.
226
bronchodilators
Agents that dilate the walls of the bronchi.
227
decongestants
Agents that relieve mucus congestion of the upper respiratory tract.
228
expectorants
Agents that promote the coughing and expelling of mucus.
229
nebulizers
Devices that deliver medication through the nose or mouth in a fine spray to the respiratory tract.
230
ventilators
Mechanical breathing devices.
