Chapter 16 - Sensory System Flashcards
(220 cards)
1
Q
accommodation
A
process when the ciliary body contracts to change the shape of the lens; allows the eye to focus on objects at varying distances
2
Q
retinal layer
A
interior layer of the eye
3
Q
optic disk or blind spot
A
region where the retina connects to the optic nerve, where there are no rods or cones to receive images
4
Q
anterior chamber
A
lies between the cornea and iris
5
Q
posterior chamber
A
lies between the iris and the lens.
6
Q
aqueous humor
A
thin, watery liquid that provides nourishment to the lens and cornea and maintains a constant pressure within the eyeball.
7
Q
trabeculae
A
bundles of supportive fiber.
8
Q
vitreous humor
A
gelatinous substance that nourishes parts of the eyes and maintains a supportive structure to keep the eye from collapsing.
9
Q
lacrimal ducts
A
tear ducts
10
Q
oval window
A
an opening leading to the inner ear.
11
Q
scala vestibuli
A
leads from the oval window to the apex of the cochlea
12
Q
scala tympani
A
leads from the apex of the cochlea to a covered opening in the inner ear called the round window.
13
Q
basilar membrane
A
cochlea membrane
14
Q
olfactory stimulation
A
sense of smell
15
Q
olfactory receptors
A
neurons located at the top of the nasal cavity covered with cilia that send smell messages to the brain.
16
Q
auditory ossicles
A
Three specially shaped bones in the middle ear that anchor the eardrum to the tympanic cavity and that transmit vibrations to the inner ear.
17
Q
auricle
A
Funnel-like structure leading from the external ear to the external auditory meatus; also called pinna.
18
Q
choroid
A
Thin posterior membrane in the middle layer of the eye.
19
Q
ciliary body
A
Thick anterior membrane in the middle layer of the eye.
20
Q
cochlea
A
snail-shaped structure in the inner ear that contains the organ of Corti.
21
Q
cones
A
Specialized receptor cells in the retina that perceive color and bright light.
22
Q
conjunctiva (pl., conjunctivae)
A
Mucous membrane lining the eyelid.
23
Q
cornea
A
Transparent anterior section of the eyeball that bends light in a process called refraction.
24
Q
decibel
A
Measure of the intensity of sound.
25
ear
Organ of hearing.
26
eardrum
Oval, semitransparent membrane that moves in response to sound waves and produces vibrations.
27
endolymph
Fluid inside the membranous labyrinth.
28
equilibrium
sense of balance.
29
eustachian tube
Tube that connects the middle ear to the pharynx.
30
eye
Organ of sight.
31
eyebrow
Clump of hair, usually about a half an inch above the eye, that helps to keep foreign particles from entering the eye.
32
eyelashes
Group of hairs protruding from the end of the eyelid; helps to keep foreign particles from entering the eye.
33
eyelid
Moveable covering over the eye.
34
fovea centralis
Depression in the center of the macula lutea; perceives sharpest images.
35
hearing
Ability to perceive sound.
36
incus
One of the three auditory ossicles; the anvil.
37
iris
Colored part of the eye; contains muscles that expand and contract in response to light.
38
lacrimal glands
Glands that secrete liquid to moisten the eyes and produce tears.
39
lens
Colorless, flexible transparent body behind the iris.
40
macula
Inner ear structure containing hairlike sensors that move to maintain equilibrium.
41
macula lutea
Small, yellowish area located in the center of the retina, which has a depression called the fovea centralis.
42
malleus
One of the three auditory ossicles; the hammer.
43
membranous labyrinth
One of the two tubes that make up the semicircular canals.
44
neuroretina
Thick layer of nervous tissue in the retina.
45
olfactory organs
Organs at the top of the nasal cavity containing olfactory receptors.
46
optic nerve
Nerve that transmits nerve impulses from the eye to the brain.
47
organ of Corti
Structure on the basilar membrane with hairlike receptors that receive and transmit sound waves.
48
osseus labyrinth
One of the two tubes that make up the semicircular canals.
49
otoliths
Small calcifications in the inner ear that help to maintain balance.
50
papillae
Small, raised structures that contain the taste buds.
51
perilymph
Liquid secreted by the walls of the osseus labyrinth.
52
pinna
Auricle.
53
pupil
Black circular center of the eye; opens and closes when muscles in the iris expand and contract in response to
light.
54
refraction
Process of bending light rays.
55
retina
Oval, light-sensitive membrane in the interior layer of the eye; decodes light waves and transmits information to the brain.
56
rods
Specialized receptor cells in the retina that perceive black to white shades.
57
sclera (pl., sclerae)
Thick, tough membrane in the outer eye layer; supports eyeball structure.
58
semicircular canals
Structures in the inner ear important to equilibrium.
59
sensory receptors
Specialized tissue containing cells that can receive stimuli.
60
sensory system
Organs or tissue that perceive and receive stimuli from outside or within the body.
61
sight
Ability to see.
62
smell
Ability to perceive odors.
63
stapes (pl., stapes, stapedes)
One of the three auditory ossicles; the stirrup.
64
taste
Ability to perceive the qualities of ingested matter.
65
taste buds
Organs that sense the taste of food.
66
taste cells
Specialized receptor cells within the taste buds.
67
tears
Moisture secreted from the lacrimal glands.
68
touch
Ability to perceive sensation on the skin.
69
tympanic [t7m-P0N-7k] membrane Eardrum.
tympanic [t7m-P0N-7k] membrane Eardrum.
70
uvea
Region of the eye containing the iris, choroid membrane, and ciliary bodies.
71
vestibule
Bony chamber between the semicircular canal and the cochlea.
72
audi(o), audit(o)
hearing
73
aur(o), auricul(o)
hearing
74
blephar(o)
eyelid
75
cerumin(o)
wax
76
cochle(o)
cochlea
77
conjunctiv(o)
conjunctiva
78
cor(o), core(o)
pupil
79
corne(o)
cornea
80
cycl(o)
ciliary body
81
dacry(o)
tears
82
ir(o), irid(o)
iris
83
kerat(o)
cornea
84
lacrim(o)
tears
85
mastoid(o)
mastoid process
86
myring(o) eardrum
middle ear
87
nas(o)
nose
88
ocul(o)
eye
89
ophthalm(o)
eye
90
opt(o), optic(o)
eye
91
ossicul(o)
ossicle
92
phac(o), phak(o)
lens
93
pupill(o)
pupil
94
retin(o)
retina
95
scler(o)
white of the eye
96
scot(o)
darkness
97
tympan(o)
eardrum, middle ear
98
uve(o)
uvea
99
acc.
accommodation
100
AD right ear
AD right ear
101
ARMD
age-related macular degeneration
102
AS
left ear
103
AU
both ears
104
ENT
ear, nose, and throat
105
ICCE
intracapsular cataract cryoextraction
106
IOL
intraocular lens
107
IOP
intraocular pressure
108
NVA
near visual acuity
109
D
diopter
110
dB
decibel
111
DVA
distance visual acuity
112
ECCE
extracapsular cataract extraction
113
EENT
eye, ear, nose, and throat
114
OU
each eye
115
PERRL, PERRLA
pupils equal, round, reactive to light (and accommodation)
116
PE tube
polyethylene ventilating tube (placed in the eardrum)
117
SOM
serous otitis media
118
VA
visual acuity
119
OD right eye
OD right eye
120
OM otitis media
OM otitis media
121
OS left eye
OS left eye
122
VF visual field
VF visual field
123
+ plus/convex
plus/convex
124
-
minus/concave
125
pneumatic otoscope
| of the eardrum.
an otoscope that allows air to be blown into the ear to view the movement of the eardrum.
126
tuning fork
compares the conduction of sound in one ear or between the two ears; Rinne test; Weber test
127
audiogram
Graph that plots the acoustic frequencies being tested.
128
audiologist
Specialist in evaluating hearing function.
129
audiometry
Measurement of acoustic frequencies using an audiometer.
130
diopter
Unit of refracting power of a lens.
131
ophthalmologist
Medical specialist who diagnoses and treats eye disorders.
132
ophthalmoscopy
Visual examination of the interior of the eye.
133
optician
Technician who makes and fits corrective lenses.
134
optometrist
Nonmedical specialist who examines the eyes and prescribes lenses.
135
otologist
Medical specialist in ear disorders.
136
Medical specialist who treats ear, nose, and throat disorders.
Medical specialist who treats ear, nose, and throat disorders.
137
otoscopy
Inspection of the ear using an otoscope.
138
tonometry
Measurement of tension or pressure within the eye.
139
Conductive hearing loss
caused by lessening of vibrations of the ear.
140
Sensorineural hearing loss (also known as nerve deafness)
caused by lesions or dysfunction of those parts of the ear necessary to hearing.
141
aerotitis media
Inflammation of the middle ear caused by air pressure changes, as in air travel.
142
anacusis
Loss of hearing.
143
aphakia
Absence of a lens.
144
asthenopia
Weakness of the ocular or ciliary muscles that causes the eyes to tire easily.
145
astigmatism
Distortion of sight because of lack of focus of light rays at one point on the retina.
146
blepharitis
Inflammation of the eyelid.
147
blepharochalasis
Loss of elasticity of the eyelid.
148
blepharoptosis
Drooping of the eyelid.
149
blepharospasm
Involuntary eyelid movement; excessive blinking.
150
blindness
Loss or absence of vision.
151
cataract
Cloudiness of the lens of the eye.
152
chalazion
Nodular inflammation that usually forms on the eyelid.
153
cholesteatoma
Fatty cyst within the middle ear.
154
conjunctivitis
Inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eyelid.
155
contact lenses
Corrective lenses worn on the surface of the eye.
156
dacryoadenitis
Inflammation of the lacrimal glands.
157
dacryocystitis
Inflammation of a tear duct.
158
deafness
Loss or absence of hearing.
159
dermatochalasis
Loss of elasticity of the eyelid.
160
diplopia
double vision.
161
epiphora
Excessive tearing.
162
esotropia
Deviation of one eye inward.
163
exophthalmos, exophthalmus
Abnormal protrusion of the eyeballs.
164
exotropia
Deviation of one eye outward.
165
Asthenopia
eyestrain
166
Hyperopia
farsightedness
167
glaucoma
Any of various diseases caused by abnormally high eye pressure.
168
hordeolum
Infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid; sty.
169
hyperopia
Focusing behind the retina causing vision distortion; farsightedness.
170
iritis
Inflammation of the iris.
171
keratitis
Inflammation of the cornea.
172
labyrinthitis
Inflammation of the labyrinth.
173
lacrimation
Secretion of tears, usually excessively.
174
macular degeneration
Gradual loss of vision caused by degeneration of tissue in the macula.
175
mastoiditis
Inflammation of the mastoid process.
176
Meniere’s disease
Elevated pressure within the cochlea.
177
myopia
Focusing in front of the retina causing vision distortion; nearsightedness.
178
myringitis
Inflammation of the eardrum.
179
Myopia
nearsightedness
180
nystagmus
Excessive involuntary eyeball movement.
181
nyctalopia
Night blindness.
182
otalgia
pain in the ear.
183
otitis externa
Fungal infection of the external ear canal.
184
otitis media
inflammation of the middle ear.
185
otorrhagia
Bleeding from the ear.
186
otorrhea
Purulent discharge from the ear.
187
otosclerosis
Hardening of bones of the ear.
188
paracusis
Impaired hearing.
189
photophobia
Extreme sensitivity to light.
190
Conjunctivitis
pinkeye
191
presbyacusis
Age-related hearing loss.
192
presbyopia
Age-related diminished ability to focus or accommodate.
193
pseudophakia
Eye with an implanted lens after cataract surgery.
194
retinitis
Inflammation of the retina.
195
retinitis pigmentosa
Progressive, inherited disease with a pigmented spot on the retina and poor night vision.
196
scleritis
Inflammation of the sclera.
197
scotoma
Blind spot in vision.
198
strabismus
Eye misalignment.
199
Hordeolum
sty, stye
200
tinnitus
Constant ringing or buzzing in the ear.
201
trichiasis
Abnormal growth of eyelashes in a direction that causes them to rub on the eye.
202
tympanitis
Inflammation of the eardrum.
203
vertigo
Dizziness.
204
blepharoplasty
Surgical repair of the eyelid.
205
cryoretinopexy
Fixing of a torn retina using extreme cold.
206
dacryocystectomy
Removal of a lacrimal sac.
207
enucleation
Removal of an eyeball.
208
iridectomy
removal of part of the iris.
209
iridotomy
Incision into the iris to relieve pressure.
210
keratoplasty
Corneal transplant.
211
myringotomy
Insertion of a small tube to help drain fluid from the ears (particularly of children).
212
otoplasty
surgical repair of the outer ear.
213
phacoemulsification
Use of ultrasound to break up and remove cataracts.
214
stapedectomy stapes
Removal of the stapes to cure otosclerosis.
215
trabeculectomy
Removal of part of the trabeculum to allow aqueous humor to flow freely around the eye.
216
tympanoplasty
repair of an eardrum.
217
Antibiotic ophthalmic solution
antibacterial agent used to treat eye infections, such as conjunctivitis.
218
Ear irrigation (lavage)
irrigation of the ear canal to remove excessive cerumen buildup.
219
miotic
Agent that causes the pupil to contract.
220
mydriatic
Agent that causes the pupil to dilate.
