Chapter 10 - Female Reproductive System Flashcards
(187 cards)
1
Q
afterbirth
A
Placenta and membranes that are expelled from the uterus after birth.
2
Q
amnion
A
Innermost membrane of the sac surrounding the fetus during gestation.
3
Q
amniotic fluid
A
Fluid surrounding the fetus and held by the amnion.
4
Q
areola
A
Darkish area surrounding the nipple on a breast.
5
Q
Bartholin’s gland
A
After Casper Bartholin (1655–1738), Danish anatomist; One of two glands on either side of the vagina that secrete fluid into the vagina.
6
Q
body
A
Middle portion of the uterus.
7
Q
cervix
A
Protective part of uterus, located at the bottom and protruding through the vaginal wall; contains glands that secrete fluid into the vagina.
8
Q
chorion
A
Outermost membrane of the sac surrounding the fetus during gestation.
9
Q
climacteric
A
Period of hormonal changes just prior to menopause.
10
Q
clitoris
A
Primary organ of female sexual stimulation, located at the top of the labia minora.
11
Q
coitus
A
Sexual intercourse.
12
Q
condom
A
Contraceptive device consisting of a rubber or vinyl sheath placed over the penis or as a lining that covers the vaginal canal, blocking contact between the sperm and the female sex organs.
13
Q
contraception
A
Method of controlling conception by blocking access or interrupting reproductive cycles; birth control.
14
Q
copulation
A
Sexual intercourse.
15
Q
corpus luteum
A
Structure formed after the graafian follicle fills with a yellow substance that secretes estrogen and progesterone.
16
Q
diaphragm
A
Contraceptive device that covers the cervix and blocks sperm from entering; used in conjunction with spermicide.
17
Q
endometrium
A
Inner mucous layer of the uterus.
18
Q
estrogen
A
One of the primary female hormones produced by the ovaries.
19
Q
fallopian tube
A
After Gabriele Fallopio (1523–1562), Italian anatomist; One of the two tubes that lead from the ovaries to the uterus; uterine tube.
20
Q
fimbriae
A
Hairlike ends of the uterine tubes that sweep the ovum into the uterus.
21
Q
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
A
Hormone necessary for maturation of oocytes and ovulation.
22
Q
foreskin
A
Fold of skin at the top of the labia minora.
23
Q
fundus
A
Top portion of the uterus.
24
Q
gamete
A
Sex cell; see ovum.
25
gestation
Period of fetal development in the uterus; usually about 40 weeks.
26
gonad
Male or female sex organ; ovary.
27
graafian follicle
After Reijnier de Graaf (1641–1673), Dutch physiologist; Follicle in the ovary that holds an oocyte during development and then releases it.
28
gravida
Pregnant woman.
29
hormone
Chemical secretion from glands such as the ovaries.
30
hymen
fold of mucous membranes covering the vagina of a young female; usually ruptures during first intercourse.
31
intrauterine device (IUD)
Contraceptive device consisting of a coil placed in the uterus to block implantation of a fertilized ovum.
32
introitus
External opening or entrance to a hollow organ, such as a vagina.
33
isthmus
Narrow region at the bottom of the uterus opening into the cervix.
34
labia majora
Two folds of skin that form the borders of the vulva.
35
labia minora
Two folds of skin between the labia majora.
36
lactiferous
Producing milk.
37
luteinizing
Hormone essential to ovulation.
38
mammary glands
Glandular tissue that forms the breasts, which respond to cycles of menstruation and birth.
39
menarche
First menstruation.
40
menopause
Time when menstruation ceases; usually between ages 45 and 55.
41
menstruation
Cyclical release of uterine lining through the vagina; usually every 28 days.
42
mons pubis
Mound of soft tissue in the external genitalia covered by pubic hair after puberty.
43
myometrium
Middle layer of muscle tissue of the uterus.
44
nipple
Projection at the apex of the breast through which milk flows during lactation.
45
oocyte
Immature ovum produced in the gonads.
46
ovary
One of two glands that produce ova.
47
ovulation
Release of an ovum (or rarely, more than one ovum) as part of a monthly cycle that leads to fertilization or menstruation.
48
ovum (pl., ova)
Mature female sex cell produced by the ovaries, which then travels to the uterus. If fertilized, it implants in the uterus; if not, it is released during menstruation to the outside of the body.
49
para
Woman who has given birth to one or more viable infants.
50
parturition
Birth.
51
perimenopause
Three- to five-year period of decreasing estrogen levels prior to menopause.
52
perimetrium
Outer layer of the uterus.
53
perineum
Space between the labia majora and the anus.
54
placenta
Nutrient-rich organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy; supplies nutrients to the fetus.
55
progesterone
One of the primary female hormones.
56
puberty
Preteen or early teen period when secondary sex characteristics develop and menstruation begins.
57
sinus
Space between the lactiferous ducts and the nipple.
58
spermicide
Contraceptive chemical that destroys sperm; usually in cream or jelly form.
59
sponge
Polyurethane contraceptive device filled with spermicide and placed in the vagina near the cervix.
60
umbilical cord
Cord that connects the placenta in the mother’s uterus to the navel of the fetus during gestation for nourishment of the fetus.
61
uterine tube
One of two tubes through which ova travel from an ovary to the uterus.
62
uterus
Female reproductive organ; site of implantation after fertilization or release of the lining during menstruation.
63
vagina
Genital canal leading from the uterus to the vulva.
64
vulva
External female genitalia.
65
amni(o)
amnion
66
cervic(o)
cervix
67
colp(o)
vagina
68
episi(o)
vulva
69
galact(o)
milk
70
gynec(o)
female
71
hyster(o)
uterus
72
lact(o), lacti
milk
73
mamm(o)
breast
74
mast(o)
breast
75
men(o)
menstruation
76
metr(o)
uterus
77
oo
egg
78
oophor(o)
ovary
79
ov(i), ov(o)
egg
80
ovari(o)
ovary
81
perine(o)
perineum
82
salping(o)
fallopian tube
83
uter(o)
uterus
84
vagin(o)
vagina
85
vulv(o)
vulva
86
AB
abortion
87
AFP
alpha-fetoprotein
88
AH
abdominal hysterectomy
89
CIS
carcinoma in situ
90
CS
caesarean section
91
C-section
caesarean section
92
Cx
cervix
93
D & C
dilation and curettage
94
DES
diethylstilbestrol
95
DUB
dysfunctional uterine bleeding
96
ECC
endocervical curettage
97
EDC
expected date of confinement (delivery)
98
EMB
endometrial biopsy
99
ERT
estrogen replacement therapy
100
FHT
fetal heart tones
101
FSH
follicle-stimulating hormone
102
G
gravida (pregnancy)
103
gyn
gynecology
104
HCG
human chorionic gonadotropin
105
HRT
hormone replacement therapy
106
HSG
hysterosalpingography
107
HSO
hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy
108
IUD
intrauterine device
109
LH
luteinizing hormone
110
LMP
last menstrual period
111
multip
multiparous
112
OB
obstetrics
113
OCP
oral contraceptive pill
114
P
para (live births)
115
Pap smear
papanicolaou smear
116
PID
pelvic inflammatory disease
117
PMP
previous menstrual period
118
PMS
premenstrual syndrome
119
primip
primiparous (having one child)
120
TAH-BSO
total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
121
TSS
toxic shock syndrome
122
UC
uterine contractions
123
colposcopy
Examination of the vagina with a colposcope.
124
culdoscopy
Examination of the pelvic cavity using an endoscope.
125
gynecologist
Specialist who diagnoses and treats the processes and disorders of the female reproductive system.
126
hysterosalpingography
X-ray of the uterus and uterine tubes after a contrast medium has been injected.
127
hysteroscopy
Examination of the uterus using a hysteroscope.
128
mammography
X-ray imaging of the breast as a cancer screening method.
129
obstetrician
Physician who specializes in pregnancy and childbirth care.
130
Papanicolaou (Pap) smear
After George N. Papanicolaou (1883–1962), Greek-American physician; Gathering of cells from the cervix and vagina to observe for abnormalities.
131
pelvimetry
Measurement of the pelvis during pregnancy.
132
habitual abortion
three or more consecutive abortions
133
spontaneous abortions
abortions that appear to occur for no specific medical reason
134
missed abortion
an abortion in which the fetus is dead in the womb and must be removed surgically.
135
cephalic presentation
the head appears first
136
breech presentation
the buttocks or feet appear first.
137
abortion
Premature ending of a pregnancy.
138
abruptio placentae
Breaking away of the placenta from the uterine wall.
139
amenorrhea
Lack of menstruation.
140
anovulation
Lack of ovulation.
141
anteflexion
Bending forward, as of the uterus.
142
carcinoma in situ
Localized malignancy that has not spread.
143
cervicitis
inflammation of the cervix.
144
chlamydia
Sexually transmitted bacterial infection affecting various parts of the male or female reproductive systems; the bacterial agent itself.
145
condyloma
Growth on the external genitalia.
146
dysmenorrhea
Painful menstruation.
147
dyspareunia
Painful sexual intercourse due to any of various conditions, such as cysts, infection, or dryness, in the vagina.
148
endometriosis
Abnormal condition in which uterine wall tissue is found in the pelvis or on the abdominal wall.
149
fibroid
Benign tumor commonly found in the uterus.
150
gonorrhea
Sexually transmitted inflammation of the genital membranes.
151
Kegel exercises
After A. H. Kegel, U. S. gynecologist; Exercises to strengthen perineal muscles.
152
leukorrhea
Abnormal vaginal discharge; usually whitish.
153
mastitis
Inflammation of the breast.
154
menometrorrhagia
Irregular or excessive bleeding between or during menstruation.
155
menorrhagia
Excessive menstrual bleeding.
156
metrorrhagia
Uterine bleeding between menstrual periods.
157
miscarriage
Spontaneous, premature ending of a pregnancy.
158
oligomenorrhea
Scanty menstrual period.
159
oligo-ovulation
Irregular ovulation.
160
placenta previa
Placement of the placenta so it blocks the birth canal.
161
preeclampsia
Toxic infection during pregnancy.
162
retroflexion
Bending backward of the uterus.
163
retroversion
Backward turn of the uterus.
164
salpingitis
Inflammation of the fallopian tubes.
165
syphilis
Sexually transmitted infection.
166
vaginitis
Inflammation of the vagina.
167
amniocentesis
Removal of a sample of amniotic fluid through a needle injected in the amniotic sac.
168
aspiration
Biopsy in which fluid is withdrawn through a needle by suction.
169
cauterization
Removal or destruction of tissue using chemicals or devices such as laser-guided equipment.
170
conization
Removal of a cone-shaped section of the cervix for examination.
171
cryosurgery
Removal or destruction of tissue using cold temperatures.
172
culdocentesis
Taking of a fluid sample from the base of the pelvic cavity to see if an ectopic pregnancy has ruptured.
173
hysterectomy
Removal of the uterus.
174
laparoscopy
Use of a lighted tubular instrument inserted through a woman’s navel to perform a tubal ligation or to examine the fallopian tubes.
175
lumpectomy
Removal of a breast tumor.
176
mammoplasty
Plastic surgery to reconstruct the breast, particularly after a mastectomy.
177
mastectomy
Removal of a breast.
178
mastopexy
Surgical procedure to attach sagging breasts in a more normal position.
179
myomectomy
Removal of fibroids from the uterus.
180
oophorectomy
Removal of an ovary.
181
salpingectomy
Removal of a fallopian tube.
182
salpingotomy
Incision into the fallopian tubes.
183
abortifacient
Medication to prevent implantation of an ovum; morning-after pill
184
birth control pills or implants
Medication that controls the flow of hormones to block ovulation.
185
hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
Treatment with hormones when the body stops or decreases the production of hormones by itself.
186
oxytocin
Hormone given to induce labor.
187
tocolytic agent
Hormone given to stop labor.
