Chapter 3 - Body Structure Flashcards
integumentary system
consists of the skin and the accessory structures derived from it—hair, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands.
The body’s two main cavities (spaces)
dorsal and the ventral
dorsal cavity
on the back side of the body; divided into the cranial cavity, which holds the brain, and the spinal cavity, which holds the spinal cord.
ventral cavity
front side of the body; divided (and separated by a muscle called the diaphragm) into the thoracic cavity, which holds
the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, and the abdominal cavity, which holds the organs of the digestive and urinary systems. The bottom portion of the abdominal cavity is called the pelvic cavity. It contains the reproductive
system.
abdominal cavity
Body space between the abdominal walls, above the pelvis, and below the diaphragm.
cranial cavity
Space in the head that contains the brain.
diaphragm
Muscle that divides the abdominal and thoracic cavities.
pelvic cavity
Body space below the abdominal cavity that includes the reproductive organs.
spinal cavity
Body space that contains the spinal cord.
thoracic cavity
Body space above the abdominal cavity that contains the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels.
ventral cavity
Major cavity in the front of the body containing the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities.
anterior or ventral
at or towards front side of body
posterior or dorsal
at or towards back side of body
synalgia
“referred pain”; when internal pain is felt in an area that is not the actual source of the pain.
Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
On the right anterior side; contains main part of the liver, the gallbladder, and main parts of the pancreas and intestinal tract.
Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
On the right anterior side; contains the appendix, parts of the intestines, and parts of the reproductive organs in the female.
Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
On the left anterior side; contains the stomach, spleen, and small part of the liver, small bit of pancreas, and intestines.
Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
On the left anterior side; contains parts of the intestines and parts of reproductive organs in the female.
coronal plane
Imaginary line that divides the body into anterior and posterior positions.
cross-sectional plane
Imaginary line that intersects the body horizontally.
deep
Away from the surface (of the body).
distal
Away from the point of attachment to the trunk.
epigastric region
Area of the body immediately above the stomach.
frontal plane
Imaginary line that divides the body into anterior and posterior positions.
