chapter 10 notecards Flashcards
required for proper metabolism
do not directly provide enrgy
are necessary for obtaining energy from macronutrients
often function as coenzymes
vitamins and minerals
a protein that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction
enzyme
B vitamins
important for energy metabolism
thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin b12, folate, vitamin b6
assist with nutrient transport and hormone production
____ - glucose transport into cells
___ - thyroid hormone synsthesis
micronutrients
chromium, iodine
first B vitamin to be discovered
intro of ___ grains
containeed within ___ of grains
deficiency resulted in _____
symptoms: fatigue, apathy, wweakness, impaired cog function
long term: muscle wasting, nerve damage, paralysis, heart failure
roles:
TPP coenzyme reqired for ____ metabolism (energy)
producing ___ and ___
making neurotransmitters
thiamin (vitamin b1) refined bran beri beri carb DNA, RNA
part of coenzymes involved in oxidation reduction reactions
metabolism of ____ and ___
part of antioxidant enezyme
imporant in metabolism of folic acid, b6, k, niacin
___ is a good source
easily destroyed by _____ - stored in opaque containers
deficiency:
involved in somany reactions
_____ - riboflavin deficiency that causes sore throat and swollen mucous membranes
fatigue weakness, dry scaly lips, ulcers of mucous membranes in mouth etc
riboflavin (b2) carbs, fat milk light ariboflavinosis
coenzyme in metabolism of carbs and fatty acids
DNA replication and repair
cell differentation
can be made from _____
no deficiency in ppl whog et inough protein
toxicity can result from supplements
_____ - severe niacin deficiency
4 Dās:
begins w sores in the mouth, red raw skin
then digestive
seen in populations w ___ based diets
niacin tryptophan pellagra dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death corn
group of six related compounds
part of a coenzyme for more than 100 enzymes
amino acid metabolism
____ metabolism
vitamin b6
adding one carbon unit to things
DNA synthesis
tissue maintenence and repair
critical for _____ of very early embryos
amino acid metabolsm
RBC synthesis
todicity can mask ____ deficency
folate deficiciency
required for cell divisions and proper formation of ______ (develops into brain and spinal cord)
deficiency in early pregnancy ā> ________
______: caused by severe folate deficiency, result sin enlarged ___ carrying insufficient hemoglobin
folate cell division b12 neural tube neural tube defects macrocytic anemia RBC
amino acid
metabolism > ____ which causes greater risk of CVD
folate and b12 convert this to ____
methionine
metabolism
homocysteine
cysteine
required for homocysteine breakdown
activating folate
part of coenzymes for blood formation
required for _____ mainting the myelin sheath
absorption requires
stomach acid - separates b12 from proteins so we can absorb it
___ - proteins secreted by stomach acids in b12 absoprtion in small intestine
may be low in ____
deficiency:
can be due to insufficient intake (___ diet)
lack of intrinsic factor
______:
b12 intrinsic factor elderly vegan pernicious anemia
the only fluid tissue in the body transport of oxygen and nutrients to cells removal of waste products components: \_\_\_\_\_: RBCS transport oxygen through body \_\_\_\_: WBCs of immune system \_\_\_\_: cell fragments that assist in blood clotting \_\_\_\_: fluid portion of blood
blood erthryocytes leukocytes platelets plasma
coenzyme for the synthesis of proteins
good sources: green leafy veggies, soybean and canola oils
made by ______
deficiencies can result from diseases that disturb absorption of fats, long term intake
delated or failure of blood to clot
vitamin K
intestinal bacteria
trace mineral part of hemoglobin - carries \_\_\_\_ part of myoglobin - carries oxygen to \_\_\_\_ cells ability to easily bind w oxygen through transfer of electrons additional functions \_\_\_\_ production antioxidant systems neuromucular functioning RDA: \_\_ for men \_\_\_ for women stored as \_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_ storage is usually in the \_\_\_ bone marrow mucosa and spleen liver and spleen can \_\_\_\_ iron
iron oxygen muscle energy 8 18 liver recycle
two types of iron in foods
____: animal foods and is more absorbable
_____: less easily absorbed found in both plant and animal foods
impairs ____, ppolyphenols, calcium
enhances: ___, ___, ____
toxicity:
from _____ is most common cause of poisioning deaths
________: genetic disorder, excessive iron absorption
deficiency:
most common in the world
______: results in small RBCs that do not carry enough hemoglobin, referred to as ____ anemia
heme iron non heme phytates MFP vitamin C stomach acid iron deficient anemia microcytic
