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HS 205 > chapter 3 > Flashcards

chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

cells lining intestines

A

enterocytres

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2
Q

rise in blood glucose; produced by pancreas

A

insulin

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3
Q

fall in blood glucose; produced by pancreas

A

glucagon

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4
Q

hunger hormone; produced by stomach

A

ghrelin

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5
Q

response to food entry; produced by small intestine

A

CCK

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6
Q

suppresses hunger; long term; produced by adipose tissue

A

leptin

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7
Q

chemical and/or mechanical breakdown of foods into component molecules

A

digestion

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8
Q

food molecules taken in GI tract to circulation

A

absorption

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9
Q

break down of molecules (carbs, fat, protein)

A

metabolism

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10
Q

undigested portions of food & wastes removed from body

A

elimination

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11
Q

muscles that control the passage of material from one organ to the next

A

sphincters

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12
Q

hunger and appetite prepare GI tract

A

cephalic phase

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13
Q

an enzyme produced by the salivary glands and begins the chemical digestion of ____

A

salivary amylase

carbs

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14
Q

covers the opening to the trachea during swallowing

A

epiglottis

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15
Q

muscular tube through which food travels from the mouth

A

esophagus

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16
Q

muscular contractions moving food through the GI tract

A

peristalsis

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17
Q

separates the esophagus from the stomach

prevents the flow of food from the stomach back into the esophagus

A

gastroesophageal sphincter

18
Q

to denature proteins and activate ____ from ______

A

hydrochloric acid
pepsin
pepsinogen

19
Q

an enzyme to digest protein

A

pepsin

20
Q

an enzyme to digest fat

A

gastric lipase

21
Q

to protect stomach lining

A

mucus

22
Q

semisolid product of mechanical and chemical digestion in the stomach

A

chyme

23
Q

produces bile which emulsifies fats
removes wastes and toxins
store simple nutrients
receive nutrients from digestive tract and release into blood stream

A

liver

24
Q

stores bile

A

gall bladder

25
Q

produces many digestive enzymes

produces bicarbonate to neutralize chyme

A

pancreas

26
Q

folds in the lining that trap nutrient molecules (main units of absorption) (has a ____ and a _____)

A

villi
blood vessel
lacteal

27
Q

composed of microvilli

A

brush border

28
Q

hydrochloric acid in the esophagus

A

heartburn

29
Q

painful, persistant heartburn more than 2x a week

A

GERD

30
Q

regions of the GI tract eroded by HCL and pepsin

in stomach or duodenum ___ plays key role

A

peptic ulcers

H. pylori

31
Q

disorder that interferes w normal colon function

A

IBS

irratable bowel syndrome

32
Q

particular food causes numerous unpleasant symptoms

immune system is not involved

A

food intolerance

33
Q

lactase decrease after 2 years

A

lactose intolerance

34
Q

autoimmune disease
destruction of the villi of small intestine
complete intolerance for ___

A

celiac disease

gluten

35
Q

stimulates stomach contractions

A

gastrin

36
Q

storage in the stomach ___ hours

A

2-4

37
Q

most absorption of nutrients occurs in the three sections of the small intestine
___, ____, ___
release of chyme into small intestine releases ____

A

duedenum jejunum ileum

CCK

38
Q

absorption in small intestine
water soluble nutrients (carbs, protein, minerals an dsome vitamins) enter the _____ - which transports these nutrients to liver

fat soluble nutrients (lipids and some vitamins) enter the ______ (lacteal) - which transport thse nutrients to blood stream

A

portal vein

lymphatic vessels

39
Q

elimination: large intestine
undigested food components move through a sphincter called the _____ to the large intestine
very little digestion takes place
material is stored ____ hours prior to elimination
water and some nutrients are absorbed

A

ileocecal valve

12-24 hours

40
Q

undigested products:

___, ___, ____

A

fiber, water, bacteria

HS 205 (12 decks)

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