Chapter 11 Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Question 1

Sperm and egg cells are known as which of the following?

Multiple choice question.

Gametes

Zygotes

Meiotic cells

Somatic cells

Answer 1

Gametes

Question 2

When two gametes fuse, they produce a single cell with twice the chromosomes of each gamete. This new cell is called a(n) Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

egg

embryo

zygote

Answer 2

zygote

Question 3

Which of the following statements accurately describes meiosis?

Multiple choice question.

Meiosis is a special division that produces gametes with half the normal number of chromosomes.

In meiosis, two gametes with half the chromosomes of normal cells fuse to produce a cell with the normal number of chromosomes.

Once they are produced from the germ line, gametes undergo meiosis to produce even more gametes.

Answer 3

Meiosis is a special division that produces gametes with half the normal number of chromosomes.

Question 4

Gametes are haploid which means that they contain how many sets of chromosomes?

Multiple choice question.

Three

Two

One

Answer 4

One

Question 5

The two types of gametes typically produced by multicellular eukaryotic organisms are Blank______.

Multiple select question.

somatic cell

sperm cells

egg cells

testes

Answer 5

sperm cells

egg cells

Question 6

A human gamete contains how many chromosomes?

Multiple choice question.

22

46

Reason: A human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). A gamete contains half that number (one chromosome of each pair), or 23 chromosomes.

23

6

Answer 6

23

Question 7

When two gametes (a sperm and an egg) unite, they produce a single cell called a(n)
___

Answer 7

zygote

Question 8

In most animals, the Blank______ state of the life cycle is much larger than the Blank______ state of the life cycle.

Multiple choice question.

triploid; diploid

meiotic; mitotic

diploid; haploid

haploid; diploid

Answer 8

diploid; haploid

Question 9

____ is a reduction division which produces cells with half the normal number of chromosomes.

Answer 9

meiosis dumbass

Question 10

What type of division (meiosis or mitosis) does the diploid zygote of an animal have to go through (usually many times) in order to give rise to all of the cells in the adult body?____

Answer 10

mitosis

Question 11

An organism is diploid when its cells carry which of the following?

Multiple choice question.

Four sets of chromosomes

Three sets of chromosomes

Six sets of chromosomes

Two sets of chromosomes

Answer 11

Two sets of chromosomes

Question 12

In animals, the cells that will eventually perform meiosis to produce gametes are called
____ _____
cells

Answer 12

germ-line

Question 13

When reproduction is achieved through meiosis and subsequent fertilization, it is called
____
reproduction.

Answer 13

sexual

Question 14

Which of the following accurately pairs animal somatic and germline cells with the number of chromosomes in them.

Multiple choice question.

Somatic cells:diploid; Germline cells:haploid

Somatic cells:haploid; Germline cells:haploid

Somatic cells:diploid; Germline cells:diploid

Somatic cells:haploid; Germline cells:diploid

Answer 14

Somatic cells:diploid; Germline cells:diploid

Question 15

In sexually reproducing organisms, which type(s) of cell division requires two sequential rounds of division?

Multiple choice question.

Mitosis

Both mitosis and meiosis

Meiosis

Answer 15

Meiosis

Question 16

Synapsis (or pairing) of homologous chromosomes occurs during which process?

Multiple choice question.

Meiosis

Mitosis

Both meiosis and mitosis

Answer 16

Meiosis

Question 17

Which process is responsible for the production of the adult body of an animal from a zygote?

Multiple choice question.

Meiosis

Reason: A zygote is a single cell. In order to produce an adult animal that cell has to undergo many mitotic divisions. Meiosis will typically not occur until the animal is producing gametes.

Fertilization

Mitosis

Answer 17

Mitosis

Question 18

During prophase I, all four chromatids of the two homologues become closely associated as a result of pairing, forming a structure known as a(n) _____

Answer 18

synapsis

Question 19

Germ line cells are different from somatic cells in that germ line cells produce which of the following?

Multiple choice question.

Diploid daughter cells

Genetically identical daughter cells

Haploid gametes

Answer 19

Haploid gametes

Question 20

Both somatic and germline cells are diploid. However, Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

germline cells undergo mitosis, while somatic cells can undergo meiosis

somatic cells undergo mitosis, while germline cells can undergo meiosis

only somatic cells can undergo mitosis

only somatic cells can undergo both mitosis and meiosis

Answer 20

somatic cells undergo mitosis, while germline cells can undergo meiosis

Question 21

How many rounds of cell division are required for meiosis?

Multiple choice question.

1

4

2

3

Answer 21

2

Question 22

What involves a physical exchange of DNA segments between homologous chromosomes?

Multiple choice question.

Crossing over

Chiasma

Bivalent formation

Answer 22

Crossing over

Question 23

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes become closely associated in the process of pairing, ___

Answer 23

synapsis

Question 24

What is the name for the sites of crossing over in a chromosome?

Multiple choice question.

Centromere

Chiasmata

Kinetochore

Centrosome

Answer 24

Chiasmata

Question 25

In many species, homologues become connected during meiosis I by a complex structure called the Blank______. Multiple choice question. cohesin/condensin complex kinetochore complex synaptonemal complex crossing over complex

Answer 25

synaptonemal complex

Question 26

In animals, the cells that will eventually perform meiosis to produce gametes are called ___ _____ cells

Answer 26

Field 1: germ Field 2: line

Question 27

Identify the difference between metaphase of mitosis and metaphase of meiosis I. Multiple choice question. There is a different number of chromosomes in the cell. The chromosomes align in a different area of the cell. The chromosomes align singly in mitosis and in pairs in meiosis I.

Answer 27

The chromosomes align singly in mitosis and in pairs in meiosis I.

Question 28

Which of the following accurately pairs animal somatic and germline cells with the number of chromosomes in them. Multiple choice question. Somatic cells:haploid; Germline cells:diploid Somatic cells:haploid; Germline cells:haploid Somatic cells:diploid; Germline cells:haploid Reason: Germline cells are diploid. They give rise to haploid gametes. The gametes themselves are not considered germline cells! Somatic cells:diploid; Germline cells:diploid

Answer 28

Somatic cells:diploid; Germline cells:diploid

Question 29

In meiosis, when does DNA replication occur? Multiple choice question. Before meiosis I only Before meiosis II only Once before meiosis I and again before meiosis II

Answer 29

Before meiosis I only

Question 30

When the alleles of genes that were formerly on separate homologues can be found on the same homologue which of the following has occurred? Multiple choice question. Recombination has occurred Cytokinesis has occurred Reductive division has occurred

Answer 30

Recombination has occurred

Question 31

Fill in the Blank Question Fill in the blank question. In ____ I of meiosis, the replicated chromosomes condense, the homologous chromosomes form bivalents, and crossing over occurs.

Answer 31

prophase

Question 32

The sites of crossing over are called ___

Answer 32

chiasmata

Question 33

A recombination ____ contains the enzymatic machinery necessary to break and rejoin the chromatids of homologous chromosomes.

Answer 33

nodule

Question 34

During prophase I, all four chromatids of the two homologues become closely associated as a result of pairing, forming a structure known as a(n)___

Answer 34

tetrad

Question 35

After crossing over is complete, the homologous chromosomes remain attached at the chiasmata. How many chromatids are attached at this point? Multiple choice question. 1 4 3 2

Answer 35

4

Question 36

Anaphase of mitosis separates Blank______ while anaphase I of meiosis separates Blank______. Multiple choice question. chiasmata; sister chromatids sister chromatids; homologues homologues; sister chromatids

Answer 36

sister chromatids; homologues

Question 37

Meiosis has how many rounds of DNA replication? Multiple choice question. 1 2 3

Answer 37

1

Question 38

During which stage of meiosis do synapsis and crossing over occur? Multiple choice question. Metaphase I Cytokinesis II Prophase I Prophase II

Answer 38

Prophase I

Question 39

During meiosis I, chromosomes exhibit ____ attachment because each homologue is attached to one pole instead of sister chromatids becoming attached to opposite poles

Answer 39

monopolar

Question 40

Recombination nodules are structures that contain the enzymes needed for Blank______. Multiple choice question. cytokinesis synapsis crossing over sister chromatid cohesion

Answer 40

crossing over

Question 41

During meiosis I, the kinetochores of sister chromatids act as Multiple choice question. two separate structures, to which polar microtubules attach independently. Reason: The kinetochore of the sister chromatids behave as a unit during meiosis I, such that they both attach to the same microtubule. several units that direct crossing over events across the chromosome. a unit, to which polar microtubules attach.

Answer 41

a unit, to which polar microtubules attach.

Question 42

Question Mode Multiple Choice Question At the end of anaphase I in meiosis, each pole of the cell contains which of the following? Multiple choice question. A haploid set of duplicated chromosomes A set of homologous pairs A diploid set of duplicated chromosomes A haploid set of non-duplicated chromosomes

Answer 42

A haploid set of duplicated chromosomes

Question 43

During meiosis I, each homologue is attached to one pole. This is called Blank______. Multiple choice question. bipolar attachment monopolar attachment apolar attachment synaptonemal attachment

Answer 43

monopolar attachment

Question 44

In meiosis, the random orientation of homologous chromosomes on the metaphase plate leads to Blank______. Multiple choice question. synapsis of maternal and paternal chromosomes in the gametes independent assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes in the gametes segregation of maternal and paternal chromosomes in the gametes crossing over of maternal and paternal chromosomes in the gametes

Answer 44

independent assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes in the gametes

Question 45

At which stage of meiosis I have the chromosomes reached their respective poles, where they begin to decondense. Multiple choice question. Anaphase Telophase Interphase Metaphase

Answer 45

Telophase

Question 46

Which of the following is a unique behavior of kinetochores that allows the separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I? Multiple choice question. Monopolar attachment Synaptonemal complex formation Chiasmata formation Bipolar attachment

Answer 46

Monopolar attachment

Question 47

During ___ I of meiosis, the homologues are pulled toward opposite poles of the cell.

Answer 47

anaphase I

Question 48

Question Mode Fill in the Blank Question Fill in the blank question. When a cell undergoes meiosis, 4 daughter cells are produced. In terms of the number of chromosomes, each daughter cell contains a ___ nucleus.

Answer 48

haploid

Question 49

When chromosomes do not segregate properly during meiosis, this is referred to as Blank______. Multiple choice question. duplication translocation nondisjunction inversion

Answer 49

nondisjunction

Question 50

The sister chromatids found in the daughter nuclei at the end of telophase I are not identical to each other due to which of the following? Multiple choice question. Synapsis Independent assortment Crossing over Segregation

Answer 50

Crossing over

Question 51

Which of the the following events is observed during metaphase II? Multiple choice question. Cytokinesis Synapsis and crossing over Alignment of individual chromosomes along the metaphase plate Alignment of homologous pairs along the metaphase plate

Answer 51

Alignment of individual chromosomes along the metaphase plate

Question 52

Multiple Choice Question Aneuploid gametes are produced by which of the following? Multiple choice question. Synapsis Nondisjunction during meiosis Errors in crossing over

Answer 52

Nondisjunction during meiosis

Question 53

After meiosis is complete which of the following are produced? Multiple choice question. Four daughter cells that are diploid Two daughter cells that are haploid Four daughter cells that are haploid Two daughter cells that are diploid

Answer 53

Four daughter cells that are haploid

Question 54

Of the following choices, which is a similarity between mitosis and meiosis? Multiple choice question. The number of chromosomes in daughter cells incorrect The number of daughter cells The diversity of the daughter cells The number of chromosomes in the parent cell

Answer 54

The number of chromosomes in the parent cell

Question 55

Which type(s) of cellular division produce(s) cells that are not genetically identical to the mother cell? Multiple choice question. Mitosis Meiosis Both meiosis and mitosis

Answer 55

Meiosis