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General Biology > Chapter 8 Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Photosynthesis Flashcards

Chapter 8 (59 cards)

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1
Q

In a leaf, the thick layer of cells that are rich in chloroplasts is called the ____

A

mesophyll

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2
Q

After making ATP and NADPH with the help of sunlight energy, plants use them to synthesize organic molecules from Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

CH4

H2O

CO2

glucose

A

CO2

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3
Q

The steps of photosynthesis that require light are commonly known as the ____ reactions.

A

light-
dependent

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4
Q

Oxygenic photosynthesis is carried out by which of the following organisms?

Multiple choice question.

Green sulfur bacteria

Purple bacteria

Heliobacteria

Cyanobacteria

A

Cyanobacteria

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5
Q

The term carbon fixation refers to Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

the process of converting carbon dioxide into organic molecules

the transport of organic molecules produced during photosynthesis in the leaves to other parts of the plant, such as roots

the ability of plants to use cellular respiration to break down the organic molecules they have produced in photosynthesis

the ability of plants to uptake carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

A

the process of converting carbon dioxide into organic molecules

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

In a green plant, the majority of photosynthesis takes place in Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

the flowers

the stem/trunk

the leaves

the fruit

the roots

A

the leaves

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8
Q

In a chloroplast, chlorophyll molecules that capture light energy are found in the internal, or inner membrane, which is also called the
____
membrane.

A

thylakoid

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9
Q

Which of the following is made during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Multiple choice question.

Water

Carbon monoxide

Carbon dioxide

NADPH

A

NADPH

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10
Q

The formation of organic molecules from carbon dioxide is called Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

carbon dioxide fixation

carboxylation

carbon fixation

decarboxylation

A

carbon fixation

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11
Q

Choose the three compartments of the chloroplast.

Multiple select question.

Thylakoids

Thylakoid lumen/Intermembrane space

Matrix

Stroma

Cristae

A

Thylakoids

Thylakoid lumen/Intermembrane space

Stroma

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12
Q

The cyclic reactions in carbon fixation do not require which of the following?

Multiple choice question.

Light

ATP

NADPH

CO2

A

Light

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13
Q

Which of the following is not part of chloroplasts?

Multiple choice question.

Stroma

Grana

Cristae

Thylakoids

A

Cristae

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14
Q

Visible light is characterized by wavelengths between Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

400 and 740 nm

740 and 1100 nm

1 and 100 nm

A

400 and 740 nm

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15
Q

Why are the cyclic reactions in carbon fixation also referred to as light-independent reactions?

Multiple choice question.

Because they occur regardless of the source of light (sunlight or artificial light, from a bulb)

Because they can occur whether or not light is present.

Because they can only occur when light is not present.

A

Because they can occur whether or not light is present.

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16
Q

A particle of light that acts as a discrete bundle of energy is called Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

a proton

a photon

a photoelectron

an excited electron

A

a photon

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17
Q
A
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18
Q

Pigment molecules capturing photons in the chloroplast are organized in distinct structures called ___

A

photosystems

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19
Q

A leaf that appears to be green to the human eye contains pigment molecules that are Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

red, the complementary color of green

absorbing green light

reflecting green light

A

reflecting green light

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20
Q

electromagnetic ____ encompasses all possible wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation and includes visible light.

A

spectrum

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21
Q

A beam of light can remove electrons from certain molecules, creating electrical current. What is this phenomenon called?

Multiple choice question.

Photoelectric effect

Electron effect

Light effect

Light electric effect

A

Photoelectric effect

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22
Q

A photon, or a particle of light, acts as a discrete bundle of
____

A

energy

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23
Q

Photosynthetic pigments in the chloroplast are organized into distinct clusters known as Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

stroma

thylakoids

photosystems

–

grana

-

A

photosystems

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24
Q

The removal of electrons from certain molecules by a beam of light is known as the
___
effect.

Study These Flashcards
A

photoelectric

25
In the visible spectrum, light energy may be absorbed by boosting _____ to higher atomic energy levels, sometimes called energy shells.
electrons
26
A graph depicting the efficiency of photon absorption by a pigment molecule as a function of photon wavelength is known as the Blank______. Multiple choice question. photosynthetic spectrum of the pigment action spectrum of the pigment absorption spectrum of the pigment photoelectric spectrum of the pigment
absorption spectrum of the pigment
27
Which describes chlorophyll b? Multiple choice question. It is only found in photosystem I. It is an accessory pigment. It is responsible for cyclic electron flow. It is only found in photosystem II.
It is an accessory pigment.
28
How does the structure of chlorophyll enable its photosynthetic function? Multiple choice question. An electron can be excited by a photon and become delocalized in the porphyrin ring. The magnesium ion serves as a biological battery, facilitating the synthesis of ATP. The hydrocarbon tail creates nonpolar interactions, influencing the three-dimensional shape of the chlorophyll. Electrons are sequestered in the interior portion of the porphyrin ring, until they can be transferred to another molecule.
An electron can be excited by a photon and become delocalized in the porphyrin ring.
29
The ___ spectrum of photosynthesis shows the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of light in promoting photosynthesis.
action
30
____ are accessory photosynthetic pigments that consist of carbon rings linked to chains with alternating single and double bonds.
carotenoids
31
A chlorophyll molecule is made of a porphyrin ring and a hydrocarbon tail.
32
How is the output of photosynthesis related to the amount of light available at different light intensities? Multiple choice question. Saturation at low light intensities and linear increase at high light intensities Linear decrease at low light intensities and saturation at high light intensities Linear increase at both low and high light intensities Linear increase at low light intensities and saturation at high light intensities
Linear increase at low light intensities and saturation at high light intensities
33
What is the name for the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of light in promoting photosynthesis? Multiple choice question. The photosystem The electromagnetic spectrum The action spectrum
The action spectrum
34
Question Mode Fill in the Blank Question Fill in the blank question. A photosystem consists of two components, a(n) ____ complex and a(n) ____ center.
antenna, reaction
35
Almost all photosynthetic organisms capture light using Blank______. Multiple choice question. lipid-pigment complexes individual chlorophyll molecules located in the membrane photosystems
photosystems
36
role of __ -harvesting complex in a photosystem is to directly absorb photons of light.
light
37
Once a photon is captured by the light harvesting complex, the pigments in it transfer Blank______. Multiple choice question. pairs of excited electrons the energy of excited electrons but not electrons themselves individual excited electrons photons with the same wavelength as the one that was initially captured by the photosystem
the energy of excited electrons but not electrons themselves
38
How is the reaction center positioned in the membrane? Multiple choice question. It is a transmembrane complex. It is on the inner surface of the membrane. It is on the outer surface of the membrane.
It is a transmembrane complex.
39
The excited chlorophyll in the reaction center acts as a strong electron donor and transfers its electron to Blank______. Multiple choice question. a carotenoid molecule in the reaction center the primary acceptor another chlorophyll molecule in the reaction center water
the primary acceptor
40
The first stage of the thylakoid (or light-dependent) reactions is the _____ _____
primary photoevent, proton captured by a pigment
41
During the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis, an excited electron is transferred from chlorophyll in the reaction center to an acceptor molecule; this stage in the thylakoid reactions is also known as charge ___
separation
42
Protons are pumped across the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the ____ ____ stage of the thylakoid (or light-dependent) reactions.
electron transport
43
44
The electron that is transferred out of the chlorophyll in the reaction center is restored from a nearby weak electron ____
donor
45
In anoxygenic bacteria, excited electrons that are transferred out of the photosystem eventually return back to the chlorophyll in the reaction center; this process is known as Blank______. Multiple choice question. primary photophosphorylation non-cyclic photophosphorylation secondary photophosphorylation cyclic photophosphorylation
cyclic photophosphorylation
46
Where do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur in the chloroplast? Multiple choice question. In the stroma In the thylakoid lumen In the outer chloroplast membrane In the thylakoid membrane.
In the thylakoid membrane.
47
What occurs during the charge separation stage of the thylakoid reactions? Multiple choice question. Charged protons are transported across the thylakoid membrane. ATP is synthesized using a gradient of protons. An excited electron is transferred to an acceptor molecule.
An excited electron is transferred to an acceptor molecule.
48
Chloroplasts have ___ type(s) of photosystem(s).
2
49
Anoxygenic bacteria have how many photosystems? ____
1
50
Photosystem I contains the pigment Blank______. Multiple choice question. P840 P680 P700 P870
P700
51
Which of the following describes the photosynthetic enhancement effect? Multiple choice question. The rate of photosynthesis is fastest in the presence of red and far-red wavelengths of light together. The rate of photosynthesis is fastest in the presence of red wavelengths of light only. The rate of photosynthesis is fastest in the presence of far-red wavelengths of light only. The rate of photosynthesis is fastest in the presence of green wavelengths of light only.
The rate of photosynthesis is fastest in the presence of red and far-red wavelengths of light together.
52
he process in which electrons from water move through PSII and PSI and ultimately to NADPH is also known as _____ ____ _____
non cyclic photophosphorylation
53
Which of the following is associated with the reaction center of Photosystem II? Multiple choice question. RUBISCO (ribulose bis-phosphate carboxylase) NADP+ reductase P680 P700 Pigments
P680
54
Which photosystem's main function is to generate high-energy electrons for the synthesis of ATP? Multiple choice question. Photosystem I Photosystem II Neither photosystem Both photosystems
Photosystem II
55
In chloroplasts, when the two photosystems work in series, electrons ejected from the photosystems do not return to them, which is known as Blank______. Multiple choice question. noncyclic photophosphorylation cyclic photophosphorylation oxygenic photophosphorylation NADPH based photophosphorylation
noncyclic photophosphorylation
56
How do plants benefit from having two linked photosystems? Multiple choice question. It allows them to use electrons from water to reduce NADP+. Having two photosystems also makes the light-independent reactions more efficient. It allows them to make ATP.
It allows them to use electrons from water to reduce NADP+.
57
Photophosphorylation produces , which stores chemical energy that can be used for the Calvin cycle. Carbon fixation also requires reducing power, which is provided by produced by photosystem I.
ATP and NADPH
58
The Calvin cycle is also known as photosynthesis because the first intermediate of the cycle contains three carbon atoms.
3C
59
What is the function of the enzyme rubisco? Multiple choice question. It regenerates RuBP so that the Calvin cycle can continue. It pumps protons in the thylakoid space. It catalyzes the addition of carbon dioxide to RuBP. It catalyzes the final step in the synthesis of glucose in the chloroplast.
It catalyzes the addition of carbon dioxide to RuBP.

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