Chapter 15 Genes And How They Work

Question 1

Question Mode
Fill in the Blank Question
Fill in the blank question.
The central dogma describes information flow in cells as
____
to
____
to
____
.

Answer 1

DNA : RNA : Proteins

Question 2

Which of the following refers to the RNA-to-protein step in the expression of genes?

Multiple choice question.

Transcription

Replication

Translation

Answer 2

Translation

Question 3

Question Mode
Fill in the Blank Question
Fill in the blank question.
In transcription, the DNA strand that is not copied is called the
____ strand.

Answer 3

coding

Question 4

Question Mode
Multiple Choice Question
What process involves the synthesis of a protein, and takes place on the ribosome?

Multiple choice question.

Transcription

Translation

Replication

Splicing

Answer 4

Translation

Question 5

The central dogma describes which of the following?

Multiple choice question.

Information flow as protein to DNA to RNA

Information flow as DNA to protein to RNA

Information flow as DNA to RNA to protein

Information flow as RNA to DNA to protein

Answer 5

Information flow as DNA to RNA to protein

Question 6

Answer Mode
Multiple Choice QuestionYour Answer correct
Which type of RNA is a structural component of ribosomes?

Multiple choice question.

tRNA

mRNA

rRNA

snRNA

Answer 6

rRNA

Question 7

Fill in the blank question.
In the central dogma, the RNA-to-protein step is termed
____

Answer 7

translation

Question 8

Question Mode
Fill in the Blank Question
Fill in the blank question.
Crick and Brenner hypothesized that in order to be able to specify 20 amino acids, the genetic code is read in increments of
____
nucleotides.

Answer 8

3

Question 9

Answer Mode
Multiple Choice QuestionYour Answer correct
In transcription, which DNA strand has a sequence that is identical to the produced RNA (except RNA contains U and DNA contains T)?

Multiple choice question.

The template strand

The antisense strand

The sense strand

Answer 9

The sense strand

Question 10

In eukaryotes, an intermediate is needed to carry the information in DNA to the ribosome in the cytoplasm. This intermediate is Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

messenger RNA

ribosomal RNA

SRP RNA

transfer RNA

Answer 10

messenger RNA

Question 11

Answer Mode
Multiple Select QuestionYour Answer correct
Identify the three stop codons of the genetic code.

Multiple select question.

UUA

UUU

UGA

UAA

UAG

Answer 11

UGA

UAA

UAG

Question 12

Question Mode
Fill in the Blank Question
Fill in the blank question.
In most cases, the start codon in mRNA is
____
(please write out the three letter designation of the codon only).

Answer 12

AUG

Question 13

Question Mode
Multiple Choice Question
Prokaryotes have Blank______ RNA polymerase(s).

Multiple choice question.

two different

a single

five different

Answer 13

a single

Question 14

Answer Mode
Multiple Choice QuestionYour Answer correct
Which subunit of a bacterial RNA polymerase holoenzyme is responsible for signals in DNA that allow the RNA polymerase to locate the beginning of a gene?

Multiple choice question.

The β’ subunit

The σ subunit

The α subunit

The β subunit

Answer 14

The σ subunit

Question 15

Answer Mode
Multiple Choice QuestionYour Answer correct
Which of these is not one of the three stop codons?

Multiple choice question.

UAG

AUG

UGA

UAA

Answer 15

AUG

Question 16

What sequence signals the location on a gene where transcription should stop?

Multiple choice question.

Terminator sequence

Promoter sequence

Start codon

Poly A tail

Stop codon

Answer 16

Terminator sequence

Question 17

In prokaryotic transcription, how is the holoenzyme RNA polymerase formed?

Multiple choice question.

through the removal of a σ subunit from the core polymerase

through the addition of a σ subunit to the core polymerase

through the addition of a β’ subunit to the core polymerase

Answer 17

through the addition of a σ subunit to the core polymerase

Question 18

RNA polymerase I

RNA polymerase I drop zone empty.
RNA polymerase II

RNA polymerase II drop zone empty.
RNA polymerase III

Answer 18

Transcribes rRNA
Transcribes mRNA
Transcribes tRNA

Question 19

The region containing the RNA polymerase, the DNA template, and the growing RNA transcript is called the
___ _____

Answer 19

transcription bubble

Question 20

The end of a bacterial transcription unit is marked by a DNA sequence, known as a Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

terminator sequence

release sequence

inhibition sequence

control sequence

Answer 20

terminator sequence

Question 21

Which have three different RNA polymerases?

Multiple choice question.

All three domains

Bacteria

Eukaryotes

Answer 21

Eukaryotes

Question 22

In prokaryotes, how do translation and transcription occur?

Multiple choice question.

They occur sequentially.

They are coupled.

They occur in separate parts of the cell.

Answer 22

They are coupled.

Question 23

Question Mode
Fill in the Blank Question
Fill in the blank question.
Mature mRNAs of eukaryotes have a 5’ ____
, a modified guanosine covalently attached at the 5’ end.

Answer 23

cap

Question 24

Multiple Choice Question
The poly-A tail of most mature eukaryotic mRNAs is found Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

at the 5’ end of the transcript

at the 3’ end of the transcript

within the transcript, near the 3’ end

Answer 24

at the 3’ end of the transcript

Question 25

The noncoding DNA sequences in a gene are termed which of the following? Multiple choice question. Introns Fillers Exons Sequencers

Answer 25

Introns correct

Question 26

In eukaryotes, mRNAs have a modified guanosine covalently attached at the 5' end. This is know as the 5' Blank______. Multiple choice question. intron tail exon cap

Answer 26

cap

Question 27

Answer Mode Multiple Choice QuestionYour Answer correct Identify the process the pre-mRNA undergoes to create a functional mRNA. Multiple choice question. Phosphorylation Exon removal Splicing

Answer 27

Splicing

Question 28

Answer Mode Multiple Choice QuestionYour Answer correct In the transcription elongation complex of eukaryotes, what is the carboxy terminal domain of RNA polymerase II made of? Multiple choice question. It is a complex of 7 polypeptids. It consists of 7 amino acids repeated many times. It is made of 7 amino acids, which interact with 52 nucleotides in DNA. It is a sequence of 52 amino acids.

Answer 28

It consists of 7 amino acids repeated many times.

Question 29

Question Mode Fill in the Blank Question Fill in the blank question. The complex that is composed of snRNPs and other proteins that is responsible for pre-mRNA splicing is a(n) ____ .

Answer 29

spliceosome

Question 30

Answer Mode Multiple Choice QuestionYour Answer correct What nucleotide within introns serves as the branch point for the splicing reaction? Multiple choice question. C G A T U

Answer 30

A

Question 31

Answer Mode Multiple Choice QuestionYour Answer correct The enzymes that catalyze the attachment of amino acids to tRNA molecules are known as which of the following? Multiple choice question. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases Aminoacyl-tRNA amylases Aminoacyl-tRNA polymerases Aminoacyl-tRNA oxidases

Answer 31

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

Question 32

Answer Mode Multiple Choice QuestionYour Answer correct The noncoding DNA sequences in a gene are termed which of the following? Multiple choice question. Introns Fillers Sequencers Exons

Answer 32

Introns

Question 33

Answer Mode Multiple Select QuestionYour Answer correct What are the two functional ends of a tRNA? Multiple select question. Codon loop Reason: Codons are located on the mRNA, tRNA do not have codon loops, only an anticodon loop. Acceptor stem Anticodon loop Initiator stem Reason: There are initiator tRNAs which participate in the initiation of translation, however, tRNAs do not have initiator stems.

Answer 33

Acceptor stem Anticodon loop

Question 34

Answer Mode Multiple Choice QuestionYour Answer correct How many aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present for each of the 20 common amino acids? Multiple choice question. Four One Three Two

Answer 34

One

Question 35

Question Mode Fill in the Blank Question Fill in the blank question. The sum of all the RNAs produced from a genome is called the ______ , while the of all of the proteins made from a genome is known as the ________ .

Answer 35

transcriptome proteome

Question 36

Answer Mode Multiple Choice QuestionYour Answer correct Alternative splicing allows which of the following? Multiple choice question. A single transcript can be spliced into different mRNAs. A single protein can be cut into 2 functional proteins. Chromosomes can divide in half without replication. Two chromosomes can be joined and unjoined.

Answer 36

A single transcript can be spliced into different mRNAs.

Question 37

Question Mode Fill in the Blank Question Fill in the blank question. The enzymes that catalyze the attachment of ___ ____ to tRNA molecules are known as aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.

Answer 37

amino acids

Question 38

The ____ reaction attaches a particular amino acid to the transfer RNA.

Answer 38

charging

Question 39

Answer Mode Multiple Choice QuestionYour Answer correct The start codon of an mRNA specifies which of the following amino acids? Multiple choice question. Methionine Uracil Alanine Glycine

Answer 39

Methionine

Question 40

Answer Mode Multiple Choice QuestionYour Answer correct How many aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present for each of the 20 common amino acids? Multiple choice question. One Two Three Four

Answer 40

One

Question 41

Answer Mode Multiple Choice QuestionYour Answer correct A charged tRNA is composed of the tRNA to which the following has been attached: Blank______. Multiple choice question. an enzyme an anticodon a promoter an amino acid a ribosome

Answer 41

an amino acid