Chapter 17 Flashcards by Victor Reyes

The development of which technology led to the entire field of biotechnology?

Multiple choice question.

PCR

Gel electrophoresis

Southern blotting

Recombinant DNA

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Multiple Choice Question
Which of the following is an enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence?

Multiple choice question.

Restriction enzyme

Polymerase enzyme

Ligase enzyme

Restriction enzyme

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Typically, gel electrophoresis is used to separate DNA fragments created through restriction based on which of the following?

Multiple choice question.

Their size

Their nucleotide composition

Their shape

Their nucleotide sequence

Their size

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Fill in the Blank Question
Fill in the blank question.
The process of producing a recombinant DNA molecule is often called molecular
____.

Field 1: cloning

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Reverse transcriptase catalyzes which of the following reactions?

Multiple choice question.

RNA to RNA

RNA to DNA

DNA to DNA

DNA to RNA

RNA to DNA

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A(n)
____

____
is an enzyme capable of cutting DNA at specific sequences.

Field 1: restriction
Field 2: endonuclease or enzyme

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Multiple Choice QuestionYour Answer correct
What is the purpose of transformation?

Multiple choice question.

To cut DNA at specific locations

To change the sequence of a DNA segment

To introduce new DNA into a cell

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Multiple Choice QuestionYour Answer correct
How do restriction enzymes work?

Multiple choice question.

By binding to a random base sequence and then cleaving the DNA backbone in one location

By binding to a random base sequence and then cleaving the DNA backbone in two locations - one on each strand

By binding to a specific base sequence and then cleaving the DNA backbone in one location

By binding to a specific base sequence and then cleaving the DNA backbone in two locations - one on each strand

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Multiple Choice QuestionYour Answer correct
The purpose of PCR is to Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

produce millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence

insert a DNA fragment into a cloning vector

synthesize DNA from all of the mRNAs in a cell

produce two primers that are complementary to specific sequences inside a gene of interest.

Correct Answer

produce millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence

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The first step of a PCR cycle involves Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

primer annealing

denaturation of DNA

primer extension

denaturation of DNA

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Fill in the Blank Question
Fill in the blank question.
During
___
, a bacterial cell is allowed to uptake foreign DNA.

Field 1: transformation

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Multiple Choice QuestionYour Answer correct
A scientist uses reverse transcriptase to make cDNA from isolate cellular mRNA. After the cDNA is produced, it can be used as a template in a PCR reaction. This is known as Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

cDNA-PCR

RNA-PCR

reverse transcription PCR

mPCR

reverse transcription PCR

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How many times does a restriction enzyme cut a double stranded piece of DNA at a given restriction site?

Multiple choice question.

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Multiple Choice QuestionYour Answer correct
In RT-qPCR, Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

the amount of RNA used as a template during the RT step is measured in real time

the amount of DNA produced during the PCR step is measured in real time

the amount of cDNA produced during the RT step is measured in real time

the amount of DNA produced during the PCR step is measured in real time

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Current next-generation sequencing technologies use Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

artificial yeast chromosomes to obtain DNA that will be sequenced

cloning vectors to obtain DNA that will be sequenced

variations of PCR to obtain DNA that will be sequenced

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The process of producing a recombinant DNA molecule is often called molecular
_____

cloning

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DNA
____
is a technology that can identify and distinguish among individuals based on variations in the number of short tandem repeats in their DNA.

fingerprinting

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In reverse transcription PCR, Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

mRNA is used to produce millions of copies of its complementary DNA

DNA is used to produce millions of copies of complementary RNA

millions of RNA copies are produced from a specific mRNA sequence

mRNA is used to produce millions of copies of its complementary DNA

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Multiple Choice QuestionYour Answer correct
The level of a particular mRNA in a cell can be determined using Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

RT-PCR

conventional PCR

RT-qPCR

fluorescent probe PC

RT-qPCR

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In RNA interference, Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

the translation of RNA in cells is inhibited and all of the non-translated RNA transcripts that are accumulating can be isolated and studied

a gene is silenced by using a small double stranded RNA, which allows scientists to determine the gene’s function

the transcription of RNA in cells is interrupted at a specific time, allowing scientist to study development

a gene is silenced by using a small double stranded RNA, which allows scientists to determine the gene’s function

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Question Mode
Fill in the Blank Question
Fill in the blank question.
In order to use a diagnostic PCR test for a bacterial pathogen, all we need is a set of _____
that are specific for genes found in the pathogen that are not found in the human genome.

primers

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In the CRISPR/Cas9 system, how is the guide RNA made?

Multiple choice question.

By transcribing the DNA of a virus that is infecting the bacterial cell and trying to replicate

By transcribing bacterial DNA that is similar to viral DNA

By transcribing viral DNA that has been incorporated into a bacteria’s genome

By transcribing CRISPR genes, which are spread through the bacterial genome

By transcribing viral DNA that has been incorporated into a bacteria’s genome

An organism that carries a gene (or genes) from a different species that was (or were) introduced via genetic engineering, is called Blank______.

Multiple choice question.

a biotechnologically constructed organism

a hybrid organism

a transgenic organism

an artificially modified organism

a heterozygous organism

a transgenic organism

Question Mode
Fill in the Blank Question
Fill in the blank question.
Because the
______
_____
is nearly universal, a gene from one organism can be placed into a completely different organism and direct the production of the same protein.

Field 1: genetic
Field 2: code

Modifying the activity of a gene using RNA interference is equivalent to Blank______. Multiple choice question. a mutation that increases the function of the gene's product a mutation that reduces or eliminates the function of the gene's product adding a second gene that performs that same function a gene duplication

a mutation that reduces or eliminates the function of the gene's product

A mouse, which has had one of its genes inactivated, is called a ____ mouse.

knockout

Question Mode Multiple Choice Question Current next-generation sequencing technologies use Blank______. Multiple choice question. variations of PCR to obtain DNA that will be sequenced cloning vectors to obtain DNA that will be sequenced artificial yeast chromosomes to obtain DNA that will be sequenced

variations of PCR to obtain DNA that will be sequenced

Question Mode Fill in the Blank Question Fill in the blank question. A(n) ____ organism is one that has genes introduced into it via genetic engineering.

transgenic

A human gene can be placed into the genome of a bacterium, such as E. coli, and the bacterium will make the encoded protein. How is that possible? Multiple choice question. This is possible because bacterial cells evolved before human cells. This is possible because bacterial ribosomes are similar to human ribosomes. This is possible because of the universal genetic code.

This is possible because of the universal genetic code.

Question Mode Fill in the Blank Question Fill in the blank question. The use of biological processes to protect and repair the environment from negative human impacts is part of a growing area of biological applications called _____ _______ .

environmental biotechnology

Scientists can use a number of techniques to inactivate one or more genes in an animal, such as a mouse. Such animals are called Blank______. Multiple choice question. vector animals inactivated animals cDNA animals knockout animals

knockout animals

Question Mode Fill in the Blank Question Fill in the blank question. The two main types of liquid biofuels currently produced are ____ and biodiesel .____

Field 1: ethanol Field 2: biodiesel

Question Mode Fill in the Blank Question Fill in the blank question. During ____, microorganisms are used to degrade hydrocarbon pollutants in the environment.

bioremediation

Answer Mode Multiple Choice QuestionYour Answer correct In the CRISPR/Cas9 system, how is the guide RNA made? Multiple choice question. By transcribing bacterial DNA that is similar to viral DNA By transcribing CRISPR genes, which are spread through the bacterial genome By transcribing the DNA of a virus that is infecting the bacterial cell and trying to replicate By transcribing viral DNA that has been incorporated into a bacteria's genome

By transcribing viral DNA that has been incorporated into a bacteria's genome

What do the first two stages of wastewater treatment involve? Multiple choice question. Primary: microbial digestion; Secondary: purification of methane generated by microbial processes Primary: physical and chemical removal of particulates; Secondary: microbial digestion Primary: microbial digestion; Secondary: physical and chemical removal of microbial biomass Primary: physical removal of particulates; Secondary: chemical digestion

Primary: physical and chemical removal of particulates; Secondary: microbial digestion

Question Mode Fill in the Blank Question Fill in the blank question. The Ti plasmid of A. tumefaciens contains genes that cause the formation of a plant ____ , or a gall, in infected tissues.

Field 1: tumor or tumour

____ are fuels produced by harvesting and using biotechnology to process the biomass of plants or algae.

biofuels

Type I diabetes cannot be cured, but can be managed with daily ____ injections.

insulin

Answer Mode Multiple Choice QuestionYour Answer correct The use of microorganisms to degrade or metabolize (incorporate into microbial biomass) hydrocarbon pollutants is called Blank______. Multiple choice question. biocleaning biorecycling microremediation bioremediation

bioremediation

Your Answer correct Scientists can use hybridization to detect a specific sequence using a fluorescently or radioactively labeled probe. In the case of FISH, Blank______. Multiple choice question. the probe is fluorescently labeled and the target is mRNA extracted from a certain type of cells the probe is radioactively labeled and the target is DNA in cells with intact chromosomes the probe is radioactively labeled and the target is mRNA extracted from a whole organism the probe is fluorescently labeled and the target is DNA in cells with intact chromosomes

the probe is fluorescently labeled and the target is DNA in cells with intact chromosomes

Question Mode Fill in the Blank Question Fill in the blank question. Gene _____ , also known as DNA ____ consist of a solid surface, which has been spotted with hundreds to thousands of different DNA sequences.

chip or microarray

The use of biological processes to protect and repair the environment from negative human impacts is part of a growing area of biological applications called _____ ________

environmental biotechnology

Question Mode Multiple Choice Question In type I diabetes, Blank______. Multiple choice question. the pancreas cannot produce insulin, which results in a rise in blood sugar the pancreas produces too much insulin, which results in low blood sugar the pancreas produces insulin, but target cells become resistant to it

the pancreas cannot produce insulin, which results in a rise in blood sugar

Question Mode Multiple Choice Question What is the term used for a probe attached to a complementary piece of DNA? Multiple choice question. Binding Base pairing Bonding Hybridization

Hybridization

Answer Mode Multiple Choice QuestionYour Answer correct Which best describes the purpose of gene therapy? Multiple choice question. Tissues or organs are regenerated in vivo by injecting stem cells into patients. Defective genes are restored or replaced. Tissues or organs are grown in human volunteer surrogates and transplanted in other patients. Correct Answer

Defective genes are restored or replaced.

Answer Mode Multiple Choice QuestionYour Answer correct What do the first two stages of wastewater treatment involve? Multiple choice question. Primary: physical and chemical removal of particulates; Secondary: microbial digestion Primary: physical removal of particulates; Secondary: chemical digestion Primary: microbial digestion; Secondary: physical and chemical removal of microbial biomass Primary: microbial digestion; Secondary: purification of methane generated by microbial processes

Primary: physical and chemical removal of particulates; Secondary: microbial digestion

Answer Mode Multiple Choice QuestionYour Answer correct What herbicide kills actively growing plants by inhibiting the enzyme EPSP which is required to produce aromatic amino acids? Multiple choice question. Greenkill Glyphosate DDT Tordon Correct AnswerQuestion Glyphosate

Glyphosate

Answer Mode Multiple Choice QuestionYour Answer correct Bacillus thuringiensis is unique in that one of its gene products can act as which of the following? Multiple choice question. An insecticide A herbicide An antibiotic

An insecticide

What type of vaccine is produced by passaging a virus through cells, causing it to accumulate mutations, until a less infectious virus is isolated? Multiple choice question. Inactivated virus vaccine Viral-vector vaccine Subunit vaccine Attenuated virus vaccine

Attenuated virus vaccine

The benefits of eating golden rice include a significant reduction in the number of cases of which of the following? Multiple choice question. Lung cancer Kidney failure Diabetes Blindness

Blindness

Fill in the Blank Question Fill in the blank question. The branch of medicine which attempts to treat conditions by restoring or replacing defective genes, is called ______ _______

gene therapy

The process by which soils are turned over to prepare them for planting is called _____ .

tilling

Answer Mode Multiple Choice QuestionYour Answer correct Why are humans resistant to glyphosate? Multiple choice question. Humans have enzymes to break down glyphosate. Humans have enzymes to inactivate glyphosate. Humans do not make aromatic amino acids.

Humans do not make aromatic amino acids.