Chapter 12: DNA Technology And Genonics

Question 1

If you want to do research on DNA, you need to know what?

Answer 1

How to cut DNA

Question 2

Every restriction enzyme recognizes one specific what?

Answer 2

Nucleotide sequence (restriction site)

Question 3

What is restriction site

Answer 3

Specific nucleotide sequence

Question 4

A restriction enzyme always cuts DNA sequences where

Answer 4

Restriction site in identical manner

Question 5

A piece of DNA from another source (gene of interest) is cut by what?

Answer 5

The same restriction enzyme that cut the other DNA

Question 6

What is the sticky end

Answer 6

Single stranded overhanging head

Question 7

DNA fragments from the two sources stick together by

Answer 7

Hydrogen bonding of base pairs

Question 8

The enzyme DNA ligament creates what type of bonds that joins the backbones of DNA strands

Answer 8

New covalent bonds -phosphodiester bonds

Question 9

Sticky ends of bacterial DNA can bind to the sticky ends of DNA as long as what

Answer 9

Both bacteria and humans DNA were cute with the same restriction enzyme

Question 10

Recombinant DNA is made up of

Answer 10

Deoxyrinucleotides….

Question 11

What can you do with the DNA you cut up

Answer 11

Make a few copies

Question 12

What is a plasmid

Answer 12

Circular double stranded DNA that replicates separately from the bacteria chromosome

Question 13

What is recombinant DNA

Answer 13

DNA that has been formed artificial by combining constituents from different organism

Question 14

Gene v

Answer 14

Gene of interest, encodes valuable protein v

Question 15

When the recombinant plasmid is taken up by a bacterium through

Answer 15

Transformation

Question 16

Transgenic organisms

Answer 16

Have genes from other organism

Question 17

Gene v can be translated or transcribed by bacteria….

Answer 17

To produce many copies or protein v

Question 18

Ti plasmid…

Answer 18

Tumor inducing

Question 19

Gene therapy

Answer 19

The altercation of diseased individuals genes for therapeutic purposes

Question 20

Gene therapy involves insertion of healthy of gene into what

Answer 20

Cell’s chromosome containing abnormal gene using retroviruses

Question 21

Using DNA technology to find a criminal, agerose gel is used to

Answer 21

Visualize DNA

Question 22

Steps to find a criminal using DNA technology

Answer 22

1) DNA is isolated
2) DNA of selected markers is amplified to make many copies
3) the amplified DNA is compared

Question 23

What are primers

Answer 23

Short, single stranded DNA sequences that tell DNA polymerase what to copy

Question 24

What are the steps of PCR cycle

Answer 24

Denature got, annealing, and DNA synthesis

Question 25

How can different samples of DNA be compared

Answer 25

Gel electrophoresis

Question 26

What is gel electrophoresis

Answer 26

Uses gel and electricity to separate molecules by side length (DNA, RNA, and proteins)

Question 27

What are the characteristics of smaller and larger DNA fragments in agarose gel

Answer 27

Shorter/small dna run faster through gel faster than longer/larger ones

Question 28

STR mean

Answer 28

Short term repeats

Question 29

What are STRs

Answer 29

Are small sequences of nucleotides repeated in tandem (next to each other) whose number differ between two different individuals

Question 30

STRs are identified with the help of what

Answer 30

Sequence specific primers amplified by PCR and detected with the help of gel electrophoresis

Question 31

Where are STRs found

Answer 31

Between our genes but don’t encode protein

Question 32

Do STRs encode protein

Answer 32

No

Question 33

What are used in DNA fingerprinting

Answer 33

STRs

Question 34

RFLP

Answer 34

Restriction fragment length polymorphism

Question 35

Restriction fragment

Answer 35

Small fragment of DNA produced by cutting longer DNA with the help of a restriction enzyme

Question 36

Uses for RFLP

Answer 36

A way to compare different samples of DNA and genome mapping

Question 37

Genome includes

Answer 37

Genes (coding DNA) and non coding DNA

Question 38

How many genes do humans approx. have

Answer 38

25,000 genes

Question 39

Our genome is smaller than

Answer 39

Plants

Question 40

Majority of our DNA is what

Answer 40

Is non coding DNA, junk dna

Question 41

What are jumping genes

Answer 41

Move from one location to another within a chromosome or between chromosomes

Question 42

What are transposable elements

Answer 42

Jumping genes

Question 43

How can we study the dna that is expressed

Answer 43

Reverse transcriptase

Question 44

Reverse transcriptase

Answer 44

Produces dna strand from mRNA

Question 45

What is complementary DNA (cDNA)

Answer 45

DNA polymerase produces the second dna strand and the DNA that results from such procedure

Question 46

cDNA has no what

Answer 46

No introns

Question 47

What is genomic DNA

Answer 47

Contains exons and introns

Question 48

What are the non coding DNA sequences

Answer 48

STRs, telomeres, transposable elements, and centromeres