Chapter 5: The working cell

Question 1

what is the optimal pH for the most enzymes is what

Answer 1

is near pH of 7

Question 2

what are the ways of active transport

Answer 2

simple diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

Question 3

exocystosis

Answer 3

also know as secretion, requires energy - active trasport, the exiting of products

Question 4

all cells carry out what type of endocytosis

Answer 4

pinocytosis

Question 5

what is the function of cofactors/coenzymes

Answer 5

help enzymes work better

Question 6

junction proteins

Answer 6

form intercellular junction that attach adjacent cells to each other

Question 7

list the order from most energy to least

Answer 7

ATP, ADP, AMP

Question 8

what makes up animal plasma membrane

Answer 8

phospholipids, cholesterol, glycolipids, glcoproteins, other membrane proteins

Question 9

pepsin works best at what pH

Answer 9

acidic pH, 2

Question 10

which osmosis solution does plant love

Answer 10

hypotonic solution, it wont burst due to cell wall

Question 11

competitive inhibitor

Answer 11

competes with substrate for enzymes active site

Question 12

LDL

Answer 12

low density lipoprotein is a bad cholestrol that contains more cholesterol than proteins. it is brought into the cell my receptor mediated endocytosis

Question 13

noncompetitive inhibitor

Answer 13

binds to enzymes allosteric site, causing the active site to be altered

Question 14

active transport moved from ____ concentration to ______ concentration?

Answer 14

lower concentration to higher concentration

Question 15

what is trypsin

Answer 15

enzymes of small intestine

Question 16

pinocytosis is also known as

Answer 16

cellular drinking

Question 17

concentration gradients

Answer 17

molecules move from regions of higher concentrations to lower

Question 18

when adp turns into ______ by hydrolosis

Answer 18

amp-adenosine monophosphate with inorganic phosphate

Question 19

aquaporins

Answer 19

water channels - membrane proteins that accelerate water movements across the membrane

Question 20

food vacuole fuses with what to get contents digested

Answer 20

lysosomes

Question 21

hypotonic

Answer 21

has much lower solutes than the cell

Question 22

many enzymes made up of

Answer 22

proteins

Question 23

what are the different ways of endocytosis

Answer 23

phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 24

enzymes

Answer 24

speed up rxns

Question 25

example of exergonic reactions

Answer 25

cellular respiration

Question 26

How does sodium potassium pump open to let ions into the cell

Answer 26

atp

Question 27

functions of inhibitors

Answer 27

stop enzymes

Question 28

hypertonic

Answer 28

has much higher solutes than the cell

Question 29

inorganic cofactors are metal ions, what are they

Answer 29

cu2+,zn2+,and Fe2+

Question 30

what controls enzymes

Answer 30

temperature, pH, cofactors/coenzymes, inhibitors

Question 31

isotonic

Answer 31

has the same solutes as the cell

Question 32

potassium concentration is greater on the inside or outside of the cell

Answer 32

inside

Question 33

many enzymes names end in

Answer 33

-ase

Question 34

how is photosynthesis an endergonic reaction

Answer 34

co2 needs sunlight to produce glucose. the sunlight is needed - the input of energy

Question 35

endergonic reactions

Answer 35

require input of energy to proceed, products have more energy than reactants

Question 36

phagocytosis is also known as

Answer 36

cellular eating

Question 37

how to large molecules leave the cell

Answer 37

exocytosis

Question 38

what controls osmosis

Answer 38

hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic

Question 39

organisms can't survive without

Answer 39

atp

Question 40

simple diffusion

Answer 40

allows molecules to cross the membrane without the aid of transport proteins

Question 41

what is lysosomic enzyme

Answer 41

enzyme of lysosomes

Question 42

what can be reused in chemical reactions

Answer 42

enzymes

Question 43

how do nonphotosynthetic organism get the energy needed to perform their daily work

Answer 43

uses only atp

Question 44

how does active transport work

Answer 44

solute binds to transport protein, atp provides energy for change in protein shape and release substrate, proteins returns to original shape and more solute can bind

Question 45

transport proteins

Answer 45

allow specific ions or molecules to enter or exit the cell

Question 46

which osmosis solution does animals hate

Answer 46

hypotonic due to it possibly bursting

Question 47

active transport

Answer 47

movement of molecules up (or against) their concentration gradients with the help energy

Question 48

what components are in plants plasma membrane

Answer 48

phospholipds, glycolipids, glycoprotein

Question 49

exergonic reactions

Answer 49

release energy, reactants have more energy than products

Question 50

what comes into the sodium potassium pump

Answer 50

potassium into the cell, against concentration gradients

Question 51

most enzymes work at what temperatures

Answer 51

35-40 degrees Celsius

Question 52

how to photosynthetic organisms get the energy needed to perform their daily work

Answer 52

uses atp and solar energy

Question 53

each enzyme has its own

Answer 53

substrate

Question 54

sodium concentration is greater on the inside or outside of the cell?

Answer 54

outside

Question 55

what protein doesn't extend through membrane

Answer 55

peripheral membrane protein

Question 56

phagocytosis

Answer 56

allows cells to engulf bacteria and macromolecules

Question 57

when the coated vesicle is fused with they lysosome what is LDL broken down into

Answer 57

a free cholesterol

Question 58

atp turns into ____ by hydrolosis

Answer 58

adp - adenosine diphosphate with inorganic phospate

Question 59

many enzymes are named after their

Answer 59

substrates

Question 60

how can you overcome a competitive inhibitor

Answer 60

by adding more substrate

Question 61

example of endergonic reactions

Answer 61

photosynthesis

Question 62

do all cells carry out exocytosis

Answer 62

yes

Question 63

what happens in cellular respiration

Answer 63

energy conversion in a cell, heat is released

Question 64

how is cellular respiration an exergonic reaction

Answer 64

glucose turns into co2 and releases energy (atp)

Question 65

passive transport

Answer 65

movement of molecules down their concentration gradients; no energy is needed

Question 66

atp is an example of

Answer 66

chemical energy

Question 67

lysosomic enzyme works best in what pH

Answer 67

5

Question 68

receptor mediated endocytosis

Answer 68

requires receptors to bring specific molecules (ligands) into the cell

Question 69

what cells only carries out phagocytosis

Answer 69

white blood cells to engulf bacteria

Question 70

what is endocytosis

Answer 70

how large molecules enter the cell-requires energy (active transport)

Question 71

what are the fuel (reactants) of atp

Answer 71

glucose and oxygen

Question 72

organic cofactors are nonprotein molecules (coenzymes)

Answer 72

vitamins and motified nucleotides and NAD, FAD

Question 73

is energy needed in simple diffusion

Answer 73

no

Question 74

atp stands for

Answer 74

adenosine triphosphate

Question 75

what protein expands through the membrane

Answer 75

transmembrane protein

Question 76

osmosis

Answer 76

diffusion of water down its concentration gradient

Question 77

which osmosis solution is bad for plants?

Answer 77

hypertonic solution because it causes cell to be shriveled, losing water

Question 78

facilitated diffusion

Answer 78

allow molecules to cross membrane with help of transport proteins

Question 79

enzymes lowers what to start a chemical reaction

Answer 79

activation energy

Question 80

waste products what are produced in atp

Answer 80

carbon dioxide and water

Question 81

what is pepsin

Answer 81

enzyme in the stomach

Question 82

what are ways of enzyme inhibition

Answer 82

competitive and noncompetitive inhibitor

Question 83

some enzymes are what type of molecules

Answer 83

RNA (ribozymes)

Question 84

pinocytosis

Answer 84

allows cells to take in solutes dissolved in droplets of fluid

Question 85

how do molecules move across the cell membrane

Answer 85

passive transport

Question 86

how do large molecules enter a cell

Answer 86

endocytosis

Question 87

what pH does trypsin works best at

Answer 87

basic, 8

Question 88

what comes out of the sodium potassium pump

Answer 88

sodium

Question 89

feedback inhibition

Answer 89

the product may act as a inhibitor of one of the enzymes in the pathway that produced it