Chapter 14: The Orgin Of Species

Question 1

Do all members of a species look alike

Answer 1

No

Question 2

Do all members of other species look different

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

Biological species concept

Answer 3

Members mate and produce fertile offspring (offspring that themselves can reproduce)

Question 4

Reproductive isolation

Answer 4

Prevents genetic exchange (gene flow) and maintains boundary between species

Question 5

Biological species concept does apply to what?

Answer 5

Doesn’t apply to organisms known through fossils and prokaryotes (asexually)

Question 6

Hybrid

Answer 6

Offspring of two different species

Question 7

Morphological species concept

Answer 7

Classifies organisms based on observable physical traits an can be applied to asexual organism and fossils

Question 8

Ecological species concept

Answer 8

Classifies organism based on where they live and how they have adapted to a specific biological community

Question 9

Phylogenetic species concept

Answer 9

Defines a species as the smallest group of individuals that share a common ancestor and thus form one branch on the tree of life using DNA sequences and morphological traits

Question 10

Reproductive barriers

Answer 10

Prevent interbreeding

Question 11

2 types of reproductive barriers

Answer 11

Prezygotic barries and postzygotic barries

Question 12

Prezygotic barriers

Answer 12

Prevent mating or fertilization between species; exists before zygotes form

Question 13

Postzygotic barriers

Answer 13

Occur after zygotes have formed

Question 14

Prezyogotic barrier: Habitat Isolation

Answer 14

Two species live in the same general area but not in the same habitats

Question 15

Prezyogotic barrier: temporal isolation

Answer 15

Two species breed at different times (seasons, times of days or years)

Question 16

Prezyogotic barrier: behavior isolation

Answer 16

There is little or no mate recognition between females and males of different species

Question 17

Prezyogotic barrier: mechanical isolation

Answer 17

Physical incompatibility of reproduction parts (common amount flowering plants

Question 18

Pollination

Answer 18

Sperm carried pollen lands of female reproductive structure

Question 19

Prezyogotic barrier: gametic isolation

Answer 19

Molecular incompatibility of eggs of sperm or pollen and stigma

Question 20

Pollen is produced by what

Answer 20

Male reproductive structure

Question 21

Stigma is a female reproductive structure,,,

Answer 21

Where pollen lands during pollination

Question 22

Postzygotic barriers: reduced hybrid viability

Answer 22

Zygotes survive but hybrids development or survival impaired by interaction of parental genes

Question 23

Postzygotic barriers: reduced hybrid fertility

Answer 23

Hybrid offspring are vigorous but sterile example mule

Question 24

Mule is a hybrid of

Answer 24

Female horse and male donkey

Question 25

Postzygotic barriers: hybrid breakdown

Answer 25

First generation hybrids are viable and fertile but the offspring of the hybrids are feeble and sterile

Question 26

What causes a new species to arise

Answer 26

Allopathic speciation

Question 27

Allopathic speciation

Answer 27

Populations of the same species of geographically separated

Question 28

How can a new species arise if the environment does not change

Answer 28

Sympathetic speciation

Question 29

Sympatric speciation

Answer 29

One species evolves into two or more different species while living in the same geographic area; most cases are around plants; occurs because of errors during cell cycle

Question 30

Polyploid species

Answer 30

Have more than two sets of chromosomes,

Question 31

Reinforcement

Answer 31

If the parent species are more fit than the hybrid offspring

Question 32

Fusion

Answer 32

If the parent species and the hybrids are equally fit

Question 33

Stability

Answer 33

If the parent species were less fit than the hybrids

Question 34

How can several species evolve from one ancestor

Answer 34

Adaptive radiation

Question 35

Adaptive radiation

Answer 35

Evolution of many diverse species from common ancestor

Question 36

Punctuated pattern

Answer 36

One big change, species change most as they arise from an ancestral species and then experience relatively little change for the rest of their existence

Question 37

Gradual pattern

Answer 37

Several small changes, species appear to have evolved more gradually