Chapter 2: Chemical Basis of Life Flashcards by destiny stephens

what is the weakest chemical bond

hydrogen

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Cell

fundamental unit of life

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what are 3 essential trace elements?

iodine, iron, and flourine

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what are the types of ions?

cations and ions

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example of ecosystem

non living elements; h20, soil, air, and sunlight

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How do we correct acidosis

By breathing or adding HCO3-

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why does ice floats in water?

ice is less dense than liquid water, ice floats on water

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cohesion

attraction of water molecules to each other through h bonds

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Explains what happens when alkalosis occurs (co2, h2co3,H+,blood pH)

Decrease in carbon dioxide

Decrease in carbonic acid

Decrease in hydrogen atom

Increase in blood pHg

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normal blood has the pH of what?

7.4, slightly basic

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mass number

or protons + # of neutrons

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element

substance cannot be broken down to other substances by ordinary chemical means

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What is the order of Biological Organization?

Biosphere, Ecosystem, Community, Population, Organism, Organs and organ systems, tissue, cell, organelle, molecule

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protons

positively charged ions

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What forms when the number of electrons change?

ions

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Populational Level consist of what biological organization?

population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

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solvent

something that dissolves

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electrons

negatively charged ions

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valence shell determines

the chemical properties of the atom

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Nervous system contains?

brain, spinal chord, and nerves

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adhesion

attraction of water molecules to polar molecules other than water through h bonds

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anions

negatively charged ions, resulting from the gain of electrons (-)

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ion

atom or molecule with an electrical charge resulting from the gain or loss of electrons

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electronegativity

atoms attraction (pull) for shared electrons

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range of acid solution?

0-6

Hyperventilation

Breathing too much

electron has the highest energy when?

furthest away from the nucleus

example of population

school master snapper

ex of biosphere

water in any form land and lower atmosphere

organism

complete living thing

polar covalent bond

unequally share their outer shell electrons due to substantial difference in electronegativities

What causes hyperventilation

Stress and anxiety

nonpolar covalent bonds

equally share their outer shell electrons, same or similar electronegativities

trace elements are essential for?

life but only in small amounts

cations

positively charged ions, resulting from the loss of electrons (+)

radioactive isotopes

nucleus breaks down (decays) spontaneously giving off particles and energy (radioactive decay)

What is the carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer made of

H20 + Co2 H2CO3 (Carbonic acid) HCO3- (bicarbonate ion) + H+

Acidosis

Occurs when pH becomes too acidic due to high concentric of H+

What are the types of chemical bonds?

Covalent, Ionic, hydrogen

Electrons are directly involved in what?

chemical activity

Iodine is used for?

used to make thyroid hormones

surface tension

measures of how difficult it is to break the surface of a liquid

example of community

alligators, snakes, trees, and micro-organisms

range of neutral solution

number of neutrons

mass number - atomic number

tissue

group of familiar cells that perform a specific function

flourine is needed for?

reduce tooth decay

pH scale measures

concentration of H+ ions in a solution and describes how acidic or basic it is

how many elements are essential to life

atomic mass

is approximately equal to its mass number

solute

something being dissolved

The cellular level contains what levels or organizations?

Atom, molecule, organelle, cell

What happens to blood when you have alkalosis

Occurs when blood raises above 7.45

biosphere

all of earths ecosystems

emergent properties

new properties present at one level that are not seen in the previous level

what is the strongest chemical bond

Covalent

acid solution

concentration higher in H+ ions than OH-

isotopes

atoms with the same number of protons and electrons but different number or neutrons

Organelle

specialized part of the cell with its own specific funtion

ecosystem

community and physical enviornment

What does carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer

Maintains acid-base balance in our blood

How is acidosis related to blood

Blood pH falls below 7.35

neutral solution

concentration is equal in H+ ions and OH-

Hydrogen bonds are more stable in water or ice?

ice

What can cause hypoventilation

Pneumonia or emphysema (respiratory disease)

valence shell

number of electrons in the outermost shell

organ

body structure composed of serveral different tissue

ionic bond

oppositely charged ions (cations and anions)

How can alkalosis be corrected

By adding carbonic acid or by putting paper bag over the mouth and start breathing

99% of our bodies is made up of

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen calcium, and phosphorus

compound

substances consisting of two or more different elements in a fixed ratio

Alkalosis is caused by what

Hyperventilation

basic solution

concentration is lower in H+ ions than OH-

hydrogen bond

forms between h atom and one molecule and oxygen, nitrogen, and flourine atom

neutrons

no change ions

Alkalosis

When blood pH becomes too basic due to lower concentration of H+ ions

Hypoventilation

When we breathe too little

Atoms

Smallest unit of an element

population

group or organism of the same species living in the same place

electrons shells indicate

amount of energy that an electron has

Nerve cell does what?

transmit information to and from the brain

buffer

substance that minimizes changes in pH

Explains what happens when acidosis occurs (co2, h2co3,H+,blood pH)

Concentration in CO2 goes up Carbonic acid goes up Hydrogen ions goes up, meaning pH goes down

atomic number

of protons

Organism level contains what biological organizational levels?

tissue, organ, organ system, organism

species

members that interbreed with each other

Molecule

Group of two or more atoms

range of basic solution

8-14

chemical bonds

interactions resulting in atoms staying close together held by attraction

What is caused by acidosis

Hypoventilation

community

all the populations of a different species living in a a particular area

Water molecules are most organized in water or ice?

ice

iron is needed for?

oxygen transport in red blood cells

chemcial reactions

formation and breaking of chemical bonds

where are electrons located?

electrons shells

covalent bond

form between atoms which share one or more pairs of outer shell electrons

organ system

group of organs working together to perform a task

Chapter 2: Chemical Basis of Life Flashcards

(97 cards)