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Biology > Chapter 23 - Circulation > Flashcards

Chapter 23 - Circulation Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

The circulatory systems consist of

A

Heart, blood vessels, and blood

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2
Q

What is in the blood

A

Connective tissue: plasma and 3 cellular elements

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3
Q

Plasma

A

Fluid matrix

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4
Q

What are the functions of the blood

A

Transportation, regulation and protection

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5
Q

Blood is mostly made of

A

Plasma

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6
Q

Blood is made up of _____ of cellular elements

A

45

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7
Q

What are the cellular fragments of blood

A

Red blood cells, white blood cells,and platelets

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8
Q

Are there more red blood cells or white blood cells

A

RBC

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9
Q

Which cell is larger RBC OR WBC

A

WBC

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10
Q

The purpose of RBC

A

Transport o2 and co2

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11
Q

Purpose of white blood cells

A

Defense and immunity

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12
Q

What cells don’t have nucleus or other organelles but has hemoglobin

A

RBC and WBC

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13
Q

What doesn’t have nucleus but has other organelles

A

Platelets

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14
Q

What is blood cell fragments

A

Platelets

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15
Q

What are the five WBC

A

Basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes

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16
Q

All cellular blood cells are derived from what

A

Adult multi potent stem cells (in bone marrow)

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17
Q

What are two types of circulatory systems

A

Open and closed circulatory systems

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18
Q

Open circulatory systems

A

No distinction between circulatory and interstitial fluid (surrounds cells)

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19
Q

Where are circulatory systems found

A

In insects, clams, and snails (majority animals)

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20
Q

Closed circulatory system

A

Distinct circulatory fluid (blood) is enclosed in blood vessels and does not mix with interstitial fluid

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21
Q

Closed circulatory system

A

Found in squids, earthworms, fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, birds

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22
Q

Another name of circulatory fluid

A

Hemolymph

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23
Q

What type of circulatory system does humans have

A

Closed

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24
Q

Type of blood vessels in the closed circulatory system

A

Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins

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25
Arteries
Blood vessels carries blood away from heart (oxygenated blood)
26
Arterioles
Larger than capillaries but smaller than arteries
27
Capillaries
Smallest vessels in our body that allow gases and nutrients to be exchanged between blood tissues
28
Venules
Larger than capillaries but smaller than veins
29
Veins
Blood vessels that carries blood back to the heart; carry deoxygenated blood
30
Fish has what type of circulatory system, meaning what
Single circulation, has 2 chambered heart, 1 atrium and 1 ventricle
31
What is unique about fish with their blood
Deoxygenated blood moves away and back to the heart
32
Frogs have what type of circulation _________ and consisting what two circuits
Double circulation / pulmocutaneous circuit and system circuit
33
Frogs or amphibians has how many chambers in heart
3; 2 atria and 1 undivided ventricle where oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix together
34
Pulmocuatenous circuit
Moves from heart to lungs and skin back to heart
35
Systemic circuit
Blood moves to the heart and to the rest of body, back to heart
36
Land vertebrates has was type of circulatory system
Double circulation consisting pulmonary and systemic circuit
37
Lizards and snakes has what type of heart, what ventricle
3 chambered, and 1 partially divided ventricle
38
Crocodiles and alligators have what type of heart and chambers
4 chambered heart, 2 atria and 2 ventricles
39
Valves prevents what
Backflow of blood
40
Left atrium and ventricle carries what
Oxygenated blood
41
Left atrium receivers blood from oxygen from
Pulmonary veins
42
What side pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of body? Via what?
Left ventricle, via aorta
43
Right atrium and ventricle carry what
Deoxygenated blood
44
Deoxygenated blood travels where? From where?
Right atrium via superior and inferior vena cava
45
Right ventricle pumps blood to where by what
Deoxygenated blood to lungs via pulmonary arties
46
Diastole
The heart is relaxed, ventricles are filled with bloodsemilunar valves are closed
47
Systole
The atria and ventricles contract pumping blood, semilunar valves are open
48
What controls the heart
Pacemaker or SA node
49
SA node, sinoatrial
Pace maker that initiates contraction of the heart muscle cells
50
Where is the SA node found
Right atrium
51
AV node
Atrial ventricular node
52
Path that sends electrical current throughout the heart
SA node...AV node...Specialized muscle fibers...both ventricles
53
What happens during a heart attack
Heart muscle becomes dead or damaged
54
What starts a heart attack usually
Blocked coronary artery
55
Coronary arteries
First branches of aorta that supply oxygenated blood the the heart muscle itself
56
What is atherosclerosis
Cardiovascular disease in with fatty deposits in the walls of arteries narrow the blood vessels and restrict blood flow
57
What is the bad cholesterol that can causes atherosclerosis
LDL
58
Atherosclerosis can lead to
Heart attack or stroke
59
Stroke
Death of brain tissue due to lack of oxygen because of blocked or ruptured brain arteries
60
What are 3 main tissues
Epithelium, smooth muscle and connective tissue
61
Why does arteries have to be thicker than veins
Due to higher blood pressure
62
Connective tissue contains what
Fiber that allows vessels to recoil after sheathing
63
Capillaries has single layer or
Epithelium to allow gas exchange
64
What happens if blood vessel is torn
Then blood clot will form with the help of platelets
65
Platelets trigger what
Trigger production of protein fibrin, we would bleed to death`
66
What is blood pressure
Force that blood exerts on the walls of blood vessels
67
Pressure highest to lowest
Arteries, veins, and capillaries
68
What is normal bp
120 (systole) —————- 70 diastolic
69
What three factors keep blood moving back to the heart
Skeletal muscle contractions, one way venous valves, and breathing
70
What measures blood pressure
Sphygmomanometer
71
When measuring blood pressure 1 st sound is
Systolic pressure
72
When measuring blood pressure when sound stops
Diastolic pressure
73
Blood pressure and osmotic pressure control what
Fluid levels
74
How are substances transferred in and out of capillaries
Simple diffusion, endo and exocytois, squeezing through

Biology (14 decks)

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