Chapter 22- Gas Exchange

Question 1

Gas exchange

Answer 1

Allows exchange of gases of co2 and o2 between an organism and its environment

Question 2

Animals inhale ____ and exhale {_____

Answer 2

O2 and co2

Question 3

Why do we need 02

Answer 3

To produce enough atp to remain alive

Question 4

O2 and CO2 use what to enter and exit our cells

Answer 4

Simple diffusion

Question 5

Simple diffusion is what type of transport

Answer 5

Passive

Question 6

Passive transport

Answer 6

Without energy or help of transport proteins

Question 7

Passive transport move ____ concentration gradient

Answer 7

Down

Question 8

What must happen for exchange

Answer 8

Respiratory surface must be thin and moist

Question 9

What does earthworms use to breathe

Answer 9

Skin

Question 10

Who uses skin for gas exchange

Answer 10

Earthworms and frogs (amphibians)

Question 11

Not all amphibians uses

Answer 11

Cutaneous respiration

Question 12

Cutaneous respiration

Answer 12

Use skin for breathing

Question 13

Earthworms and frogs skin must be _____ for gas exchange

Answer 13

Moist

Question 14

How does earthworms transport gases and nutrients

Answer 14

Blood vessels

Question 15

Most animals have what that promotes gas exchange

Answer 15

Specialized body parts

Question 16

How do fish breath

Answer 16

Gills

Question 17

Gills

Answer 17

Extension of body surface

Question 18

Operculum

Answer 18

Hard plate that hovers and protects gills

Question 19

Fish use what to transport gases and nutrients

Answer 19

Blood vessels

Question 20

How do insects breath

Answer 20

Tracheal system (series of tubes)

Question 21

Insects uses blood to transport

Answer 21

Nutrients but to gases

Question 22

In insects what delivers oxygen to body cells

Answer 22

Tracheole

Question 23

How does gases move through insects

Answer 23

Spiracle to trachea to tracheole

Question 24

Spiracle

Answer 24

Opening for air

Question 25

What animals use lungs

Answer 25

Amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals

Question 26

How can air enter our bodies

Answer 26

Nose or mouth

Question 27

What is the path of air into our bodies

Answer 27

Nostril, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchiole

Question 28

Diaphragm

Answer 28

Dome shaped muscle that helps breathing

Question 29

Alveoli

Answer 29

Tiny air filled sacs where gas exchange occur in humans

Question 30

Oxygenated blood

Answer 30

Higher concentration of o2 than co2

Question 31

Deoxygenated blood

Answer 31

Higher in co2 than o2

Question 32

When we breathe in what happens to our thoracic cavity

Answer 32

The thoracic cavity increase creates a pressure that pulls airs in lungs

Question 33

What happens when the rib cage when we breathe

Answer 33

Rib cage expands and rib muscles contract

Question 34

What happens diaphragm when we breathe

Answer 34

Contacts (moves down and becomes flat)

Question 35

What is negative pressure breathing

Answer 35

Air is pulled into lungs

Question 36

Negative pressure breathing is exhibited by what and what group doesn’t use negative pressure breathing

Answer 36

Reptiles, birds, and mammals but not amphibians (pushed into lungs)

Question 37

When we breathe out what happens to rib cage

Answer 37

Rib cage gets smaller an ribs muscles relax

Question 38

What happens to volume of thoracic cavity when breathing out

Answer 38

Volume decreases

Question 39

What happens to diaphragm when breathing out

Answer 39

It relaxes and moves up (becoming dome shaped)

Question 40

How does oxygen move from the lungs to the rest of the body

Answer 40

Co2 and o2 move down their concentration gradient from the regions of higher to lower concentrations

Question 41

Oxygenated blood in the alveoli of the lungs move where

Answer 41

From the alveoli of the lungs to the heart from the heart to the rest of the tissue

Question 42

Deoxygenated blood move from the heart to

Answer 42

The the alveoli in the lungs

Question 43

Tissue cells have what type of concentrations (o2 and co2)

Answer 43

Have lower concentration of o2 and higher in co2

Question 44

What carries the gases around in the blood

Answer 44

Hemoglobin

Question 45

Hemoglobin

Answer 45

Protein that transport o2 and co2, or carbon monoxide and other gases

Question 46

Each red blood cell has about how many HB molecules

Answer 46

250 million

Question 47

1 hemoglobin has how many peptide chains and can transport how many molecules

Answer 47

4 and can transport how many molecules of o2

Question 48

Why is carbon monoxide is dangerous to us

Answer 48

It binds more strongly to hemoglobin than o2 causing us to no longer making atp and cells can’t survive

Question 49

How do we know when to breathe

Answer 49

When major blood vessels signals the medulla obliongota due to changes in pH

Question 50

How does a fetus breathe

Answer 50

Human fetus does not breathe with its lungs, it exchanges gases with maternal blood in the placenta

Question 51

What attracts more o2 than adult hemoglobin

Answer 51

Fetal hemoglobin

Question 52

At birth what increases in fetal blood

Answer 52

Co2 and breathing control center imitate breathing

Question 53

What happens to the lungs when people smoke

Answer 53

Destroyed alveoli and reduced surface area for gas exchange