Chapter 12 - Respiration Flashcards
What is external respiration
Gas exchange
What is internal respiration
Release of energy from food
What is energy called and what is it used for
ATP - adenosine triphosphate
Used for all metabolic reactions in the cell
What is aerobic respiration
The controlled release of energy from food using oxygen
What is the balanced equation for aerobic respiration
C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 ———— 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
What percentage of energy is converted to atp
40%
What are the two stages of aerobic respiration called
Stage 1 - glycolysis (anaerobic)
Stage 2 - Krebs cycle
What does the 6 carbon molecule glucose convert to
2x3 carbon molecule pyruvate
What are the products of glycolysis
2 ATP + 2NADH
What does pyruvate convert to for aerobic respiration
Acetyl coA - a 2 carbon molecule
What are the products of converting pyruvate to acetyl coA
Carbon dioxide + NADH
What happens after pyruvate is converted to acetyl coA
Krebs cycle
What are the products of the Krebs cycle
Carbon dioxide x2 + 3NADH + NADH + ATP
What is the equation for atp
ADP + P —- ATP + H2O
What is the equation for NADH
NAD+ + 2e- + H+ ——— NADH = 3ATP
What are the differences between stage 1 and stage 2
Stage 1 - no oxygen, cytosoll of cell, 2ATPs produced, incomplete breakdown of glucose
Stage 2 - oxygen, lumen of mitochondria, 38 ATPs, complete breakdown of glucose
What is anaerobic respiration
The controlled release of energy from food without using oxygen
What is anaerobic respiration also known as
Fermentation
In anaerobic respiration what happens after glucose is converted to pyruvate
- Lactic acid fermentation in mammals where 2 lactic acid is produced
- Alcohol fermentation in yeast where 2 ethanol and 2 carbon dioxide is produced
In the mitochondria where is atp released
Cristae
What is the role of ATP and NAD+
They are energy carriers
What is ADP made of
Adenine + ribose and two phosphates
Is ADP a low energy or high energy molecule
Low energy
What is phosphorylation
When another phosphate is added to ADP to create ATP