Chapter 35: The Endocrine System

Question 1

What is a gland?

Answer 1

Structures that secrete substances

Question 2

What is an exocrine gland?

Answer 2

Releases the product into ducts or tubes

Question 3

What is an endocrine gland?

Answer 3

Ductless gland that releases product into bloodstream by diffusion

Question 4

Example of exocrine gland.

Answer 4

Salivary/sweat gland

Question 5

What are hormones?

Answer 5

Chemical messengers produced by an endocrine gland and carried in the bloodstream to another part of the body where they have a specific effect

Question 6

What are hormones made of?

Answer 6

Globular proteins

Question 7

What are the differences between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

Answer 7

Nervous system : fast response, electrical impulse, fast message, short lived effect, specific location of effect
Endocrine system : slow response, chemical impulse, slow message, long lasting effect, widespread effect

Question 8

What are the 10 glands?

Answer 8

Pineal gland 
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Parathyroid gland
Thyroid gland
Adrenal gland
Pancreas
Ovary
Testes

Question 9

Where is the pineal gland located?

Answer 9

Brain

Question 10

Where is the hypothalamus located?

Answer 10

Brain

Question 11

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Answer 11

Beneath the brain

Question 12

Where is the parathyroid gland located?

Answer 12

On the thyroid

Question 13

Where is the thyroid gland located?

Answer 13

Trachea

Question 14

Where is the thymus gland located?

Answer 14

Chest at the bronchi

Question 15

Where is the adrenal gland located?

Answer 15

On top of kidneys

Question 16

Where is the pancreas located?

Answer 16

Abdomin under stomach

Question 17

What hormone does the pineal gland release?

Answer 17

Melatonin

Question 18

What is the function of melatonin?

Answer 18

Controls body rhythm

Question 19

What hormone does the hypothalamus release?

Answer 19

ADH

Question 20

What is the function of ADH?

Answer 20

Causes water to be reabsorbed by the kidney

Question 21

What hormone does the pituitary gland release?

Answer 21

Growth hormone

Question 22

What is the function of the parathormone?

Answer 22

Releases calcium from bone cells back into blood

Question 23

What hormone does the thyroid gland release?

Answer 23

Thyroxine

Question 24

What is the function of thyroxine?

Answer 24

Controls body metabolism

Question 25

What hormone does the thymus gland release?

Answer 25

Thymosin

Question 26

What is the function of thymosin?

Answer 26

Matures white blood cells

Question 27

What hormone does the adrenal gland release?

Answer 27

Adrenaline

Question 28

What is the function of adrenaline?

Answer 28

Emergency responses

Question 29

What hormone does the pancreas release?

Answer 29

Insulin

Question 30

What is the function of insulin?

Answer 30

Controls sugar levels

Question 31

What hormone does the ovaries release?

Answer 31

Oestrogen

Question 32

What is the function of oestrogen?

Answer 32

Controls the endometrium

Question 33

What hormone does the testes release?

Answer 33

Testosterone

Question 34

What is the function of testosterone?

Answer 34

Produces sperm

Question 35

What is a hormone deficiency?

Answer 35

Thyroxine deficiency

Question 36

What is a symptom of deficiency?

Answer 36

Low metabolic rate Weight gain, tiredness Cretinism in children Goitre in adults

Question 37

What is a corrective method for a deficiency?

Answer 37

Thyroxine supplements, iodine supplements

Question 38

What is a symptom of excess?

Answer 38

Increased metabolic rate Hunger, weight loss, bulging eyes Graves’ disease

Question 39

What is a corrective method for excess?

Answer 39

Radio active iodine supplements, | Surgically remove part of thyroid

Question 40

Describe the exocrine function of the pancreas?

Answer 40

Produces amylase | Flow into duodenum through ducts

Question 41

Describe the endocrine function of the pancreas?

Answer 41

Contains millions of cells called islets of langerhans Produce insulin Carried by bloodstream

Question 42

What is insulin?

Answer 42

Vital hormones because it reduces blood sugar levels

Question 43

What are 2 hormone supplements?

Answer 43

Insulin | Anabolic steroids

Question 44

What is the use of insulin as a supplement?

Answer 44

Used for diabetes - the islets of langerhans don’t produce enough insulin Injections Controls blood sugar levels

Question 45

What is the use of anabolic steroids as a supplement?

Answer 45

Build up proteins Injections or tablets Can cause liver failure, infertility

Question 46

What is negative feedback?

Answer 46

The levels of one hormone inhibit the production of another hormone

Question 47

What is thyroxine made of?

Answer 47

Iodine + tsh

Question 48

What is tsh?

Answer 48

Thyroid stimulating hormone

Question 49

Give an account of the negative feedback of thyroxine?

Answer 49

If normal levels of thyroxine, no tsh is made, no more thyroxine is made If low levels of thyroxine, tsh is made, more thyroxine is made

Question 50

Where is tsh made?

Answer 50

Pituitary gland

Question 51

What is goitre?

Answer 51

Thyroid swells because tsh is stored in the thyroid because there’s not enough iodine to make thyroxine