Chapter 20 - Monera (Bacteria)

Question 1

What does the cell wall do?

Answer 1

prevents bacteria from bursting during osmosis

Question 2

What does cytoplasm do?

Answer 2

contains ribosomes and storage granules

Question 3

What kind of cell is in bacteria?

Answer 3

prokaryotic

Question 4

What does DNA do?

Answer 4

contains chromosomes which give the primary traits

Question 5

What does a capsule do?

Answer 5

protects the bacteria

Question 6

What does a mesosome do?

Answer 6

used for respiration, help during cell division

Question 7

What does plasmid do?

Answer 7

contains genes responsible for antibiotic resistance

Question 8

What does a flagellum do?

Answer 8

allows movement

Question 9

What are the 3 shapes a bacteria can be?

Answer 9

1. coccus (round)
2. bacillus (rod)
3. spirillum (spiral)

Question 10

Give an example of a coccus bacteria?

Answer 10

pneumonia

Question 11

Give an example of a bacillus bacteria?

Answer 11

e. coli

Question 12

Give an example of a spirillum bacteria.

Answer 12

cholera

Question 13

How do bacteria reproduce?

Answer 13

asexual reproduction - binary fission

Question 14

How often do bacteria reproduce?

Answer 14

every 20 minutes

Question 15

What name is given to bacteria that evolves?

Answer 15

mutations

Question 16

How do bacteria mutate?

Answer 16

they evolve to be antibiotic resistant

Question 17

Name a bacteria that is resistant to antibiotics.

Answer 17

MRSA

Question 18

What are endospores?

Answer 18

tough walled spores capable of surviving harsh conditions

Question 19

What can endospores do that regular bacteria cannot?

Answer 19

difficult to kill - withstand high temp, lack of food and water

Question 20

How do bacteria get nutrients?

Answer 20

theyre autotrophic and heterotrophic

Question 21

What does autotrophic mean?

Answer 21

they make their own food

Question 22

What are the 2 types of autotrophic bacteria and how do they make their own food?

Answer 22

photosynthetic bacteria - they have chlorophyll on their membranes , allows them to make food through photosynthesis
chemosynthetic bacteria - they use chemical reactions involving ammonia and iron compounds

Question 23

What does heterotrophic mean?

Answer 23

takes in their own food

Question 24

What are the 2 types of heterotrophic bacteria and how do they get their food?

Answer 24

saprophytic bacteria - has enzymes that digest dead organic matter - decomposers
parasitic baceria (parasites) - use a living host for food, harm the host

Question 25

What 5 factors affect bacteria growth?

Answer 25

1. temperature 2. oxygen concentration 3. ph 4. external solute concentration 5. change in pressure

Question 26

How does a change in temperature effect the growth of bacteria?

Answer 26

most prefer between 20 and 30 degrees celcius high temperatures denature the enzymes low temperatures slow down growth

Question 27

How does a change in oxygen concentration effect the growth of bacteria?

Answer 27

aerobic bacteria - require oxygen for respiration | anaerobic bacteria - do not require oxygen for respiration

Question 28

What is a facultative anaerobe?

Answer 28

respire with or without oxygen

Question 29

What is a obligate anaerobes?

Answer 29

only respire in the absense of oxygen

Question 30

How does ph effect the growth of bacteria?

Answer 30

unsuitable ph will denature enzymes | most grow at or near neutral

Question 31

How does external solute concentration effect the growth of bacteria?

Answer 31

bacteria can gain or lose water through osmosis if external solution has lower water then the water will move out - dehydration - food preservation if external solution has higher water then water will move it - bacteria thrive

Question 32

How does a change in pressure effect the growth of bacteria?

Answer 32

growth is inhibited by high pressure - bacteria walls are not strong enough

Question 33

How does bacteria benefit the economy?

Answer 33

lactobacillus - makes cheese/ yoghurt | genetically modified bacteria used to make medicine, alcohol, food flavourings

Question 34

What are the disadvantages to the economy of bacteria?

Answer 34

causes food to decay | causes disease in plants and animals

Question 35

Who discovered antibiotics?

Answer 35

sir alexander fleming - penicillin

Question 36

What are antibiotics?

Answer 36

chemicals produced by micro organisms that stop the growth of other micro organisms without damaging human tissue

Question 37

What is bad about antbiotics for humans?

Answer 37

it kills all bacteria even good bacteria

Question 38

How does antibiotic resistance occur?

Answer 38

bacteria mutates

Question 39

What is causing more antibiotic resistanced?

Answer 39

the overuse of antibiotics | failing to complete antibiotic treatment

Question 40

What are the 5 stages of the growth curve for bacteria?

Answer 40

``` a - lag b - log c - stationary d - decline e - death/survival ```

Question 41

What happens during lag?

Answer 41

bacteria is adapting to the environment

Question 42

What happens during log?

Answer 42

ideal conditions for max reproduction

Question 43

What happens during stationary?

Answer 43

birth rates is equal to death rate

Question 44

What happens during decline?

Answer 44

death rate is greater than birth rate

Question 45

What happens during death or survival?

Answer 45

bacteria become dormant until favourable conditions occur

Question 46

What is bio processing?

Answer 46

using living things to produce useful materials

Question 47

What are some products of using bacteria for food processing?

Answer 47

alcohol, dairy products, food flavourings

Question 48

What are the 2 types of food processing used for bacteria?

Answer 48

batch culture | continuous flow culture

Question 49

What is batch culture?

Answer 49

fixed amount of nutrients | micro organisms go through all the phases and product is formed for a short time

Question 50

What is continuous flow culture?

Answer 50

nutrients added continually micro organisms kept n the log phase all the time products formed all the time for a long time