chapter 13 Flashcards
(48 cards)
collective bargaining
the rights of employees and workers to negotiate with their employers for basic rights and benefits
government
the enacting of policies and decisions on the part of officials within a political apparatus. while in the past, virtually all governments were headed by monarchs or emperors, in modern societies most are headed by officials who do not inherit their positions of power but are elected or appointed on the basis of qualification
politics
the means by which power is employed to influence the nature and content of government activities. the sphere of the political includes the activities of those in govt., but also the actions of others. there are many ways in which people outside the government apparatus seek to influence it
economy
the system of production and exchange that provides for the material needs of individuals living in a given society. what goes on in the economy usually influences other areas in social life. Modern economies differ substantially from traditional ones because the majority of the population is no longer engaged in agricultural production
power
the ability of an individual or members of a group to achieve aims or further interests they hold. a pervasive element in all human relationships
authority
a government’s legitimate use of power
state
a poltitcal apparatus ruling over a given territorial order whose authority is backed by laws and the ability to use force. the emergence of state marked a distinctive transition in human history because the centralization of power involved in state formation introduced new dynamics into processes of social change
nation state
a particular type of state characteristic of the modern world in which government has sovereign power within a defined territorial area, and the population are citizens who know themselves to be a part of an emerging nation state. originated in Europe
sovereignty
the undisputed political rule of a state over a given territorial area
citizen
a member of a political community having both rights and duties associated with that membership
nationalsim
a set of beliefs ands symbols expressing identification with a national community
local nationalism
the beliefs that communities share a cultural identity should have political autonomy, even within smaller units of a nation state
civil rights
legal rights held by all citizens in a given national community
political rights
rights of political participation, such as the right to vote in local and national elections, held by citizens of a national community
social rights
rights of social and welfare provisions held by all citizens in a national community including the right to claim unemployment, and sickness payments provided by the state
welfare state
a political system that provides a wide range of welfare benefits for its citizens
democracy
a political system that allows citizens to participate in political decision making or to elect representative government bodies
participatory democracy
a system of democracy in which all members of a group or community participate collectively in making major decisions
direct democracy
a form of participatory democracy that allows citizens to vote directly on laws and policies
constitutional monarchs
kings or queens who are largely figureheads. real power rests in the hands of other political leaders
liberal democracies
systems of democracy based on parliamentary institutions, coupled to the free market system in the area of economic production
communism
a set of political beliefs associated with marx, as developed by a particularly by Lenin and institutionalized in the soviet union, eastern europe and some 3rd world countries
interest group
a group organized to pursue specific interests in the political arena, operating primarily by lobbying the members of legislative bodies
democratic elitism
a theory of the limits of democracy which holds that in large scale societies democratic participation is necessarily limited to the regular election of political leaders
