chapter 15 Flashcards

(27 cards)

1
Q

conurbation

A

an agglomeration of towns or cities into an unbroken urban environment

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2
Q

megalopolis

A

the “city of all cities” in ancient Greece, used in modern times to refer to very large conurbations

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3
Q

urbanization

A

the development of towns and cities

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4
Q

ecological approach

A

a perspective on urban analysis emphasizing the natural distribution of city neighborhoods into areas having contrasting characteristics

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5
Q

inner city

A

the areas composing the central neighborhoods of a city, as distinct from the suburbs, in many modern urban settings inner city areas are subject to decay

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6
Q

urban ecology

A

an approach to study the urban life based on an analogy with the adjustment of plants and organisms to the physical environment

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7
Q

urbanism

A

term used by Louis Wirth to denote distinctive characteristics of urban social life, such as impersonal or alienating nature

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8
Q

created environment

A

constructions established by human beings to serve their needs, derived from the use of man made technology. includes roads, railways, factories

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9
Q

suburbanization

A

the development of suburbia, areas of housing outside of the inner city

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10
Q

urban renewal

A

the process of renovating deteriorating neighborhoods by encouraging the renewal of old buildings and construction of new ones

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11
Q

gentrification

A

a process of urban renewal in which older, deteriorated housing is refurbished by affluent people moving into the area

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12
Q

global city

A

a city such as london, New York or Tokyo that has become an organizing center of the new global economy

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13
Q

deomgraphy

A

the study of size, distribution and composition of populations

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14
Q

crude birth rate

A

a statistical measure representing the number of births within a given population per year, normally calculated as the number of births per 1000 members

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15
Q

fecundity

A

a measure of the number of children that it is biologically possible for a woman to produce

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16
Q

crude death rate

A

a statistical measure representing the number of deaths that occur annually in a given population per year

17
Q

mortality

A

the number of deaths in a population

18
Q

infant mortality rate

A

the number of infants who die during the first year of life, per 1000

19
Q

life expectancy

A

the number of years the average person can expect to live

20
Q

life span

A

the max length of life that is biologically possible for a member of a given species

21
Q

exponential growth

A

a geometric, rather than linear rate of increase. populations tend to grow exponentially

22
Q

doubling time

A

the time it takes for a particular level of population to double

23
Q

malthusianism

A

a doctrine about population dynamics developed by Thomas Malthus according to which population increase comes up against the natural limits, represented by famine and war

24
Q

demographic transition

A

an interpretation of population change which holds that a stable ratio of births to deaths is achieved once a certain level of economic prosperity has been reached

25
dependency ratio
the ratio of people of dependent ages to people of economically active ages
26
environmental ecology
a concern with preserving the integrity of the physical environment in the face of the impact of modern industry and technology
27
sustainable development
the notion that economic growth should proceed only in so far as natural resources are recycled rather than depleted; biodiversity is maintained and clean air, water and land are protected