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Alevel French Revolution > Chapter 13 - The Aftermath Of The Terror > Flashcards

Chapter 13 - The Aftermath Of The Terror Flashcards

1
Q

What was the Thermidorian reaction?

A

The period of time between the fall of R and the setting up of the Directory

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2
Q

What happened 31Jul (13 Thermidor)?

A

Vacancies in CPS + CGS filled by Dantonists + people from the ‘plain’

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3
Q

What happened 1 Aug (14 Thermidor)?

A

Law of 22 Prairial repealed, people released from gaols
A feared public prosecutor guillotined

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4
Q

What happened 10 Aug?

A

The Rev Tribunal reorganised and guillotining decreased, exiling to Guiana = alternative

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5
Q

What happened 24 Aug?

A

Law of Rev Govt reorganisation away from centralisation

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6
Q

What were the decentralising methods?

A
  • Rev committees = 1/Departement
    (Broke down power of sc)
  • Central govt = 16 comittees
    25% of members changed each month
    (Reduced powers of CPS + CGS)
  • New representants-en-missions to oversee changes + make sure Jacobins removed from authority
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7
Q

What happened 31Aug?

A

Powers of Paris Commune reduced

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8
Q

What happened 18 Sept?

A

Church + State separated
State stopped paying clerical salaries
Ended ‘Constitutional Church’

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9
Q

What happened 12 Nov?

A

Jacobin club closed down

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10
Q

What happened 24 Dec?

A

The Law of the Maximum was repealed
Public workshops (used to provide for poor) now privatised

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11
Q

What measures then happened in 1795?

A
  • Toleration for all religions (some Catholic practices remained restricted)
  • Representants-en-mission abandoned
  • Rev Tribunal abolished
  • Law of Suspects repealed
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12
Q

By the end of 1794, who were in charge of central and local govt?

A

The moderates
(represented the propertied bourgeosie)

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13
Q

How many deputies who signed a resolution to support expelling Girodins, were readmitted to the conv?

A

73

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14
Q

What were the Jacobins/Montagnards happy to do?

A

Forget their past

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15
Q

What did all the leading Thermidorians share a desire to do?

A

Restore stability without resorting to extreme Jacobinism or monarchy

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16
Q

What was a slight challenge?

A

They had little in common and their political views ranged across a political spectrum

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17
Q

Who were the prominent Thermidorians?

A

Tallien, Fouche, Barras, Freron

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18
Q

Who was Tallien?

A

Was Montagnard in NC
Member of CGS
Supported military action - Thermidorian reaction, coup of thermidor, rev tribunals, member of cof500, went to Egypt with N

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19
Q

Who was Fouche?

A

served in every govt, NC deputy, representant-en-mission, minister of police, count of empire, made duc d’Otrante

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20
Q

Who was Barras?

A

Nobleman, in legislative assembly + NC, representant-en-mission, overthrew R, affair with N future wife, helped create directory, fell from power in coup of brumaire, spent time in exile after

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21
Q

Who was Freron?

A

Radical journalist, NC, representant-en-mission, ruthless to enforce Terror, wrote anti-jacobin ideas inciting Muscadins to attack sc

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22
Q

What was the name the ‘White Terror’ given to?

A

The series of purges and campaigns where the Thermidorians took action against people of the Terror

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23
Q

Who supported this?

A

Muscadins + jeunesse doree

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24
Q

Who were the jeunesse doree?

A

‘Guilded youth’, wore fashionable clothes, armed + attacked sc and jacobins in the street, felled trees of liberty , trampled tricolour, shut jacobin newspapers

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25
Q

What did the Muscadins do?

A

Helped destroy jacobin club, campaigned to ‘demartyrise’ Marat, defend Conv

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26
Q

What did the victims of the Terror do?

A

Formed gangs + militas to drive out or murder jacobins

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27
Q

How did the conv try to mediate?

A

Offering amnesties to people handing in arms at the vendee

28
Q

What was an example of the extreme behaviour?

A

Violent massacre in Lyons in May 1795, where jacobin prisoners hauled from cells and slaughtered

29
Q

What was worse, the White Terror, or the Great Terror?

A

The Great Terror

30
Q

Why did the rev tribunal continue until may 1795?

A

To permit legal actions against jacobins

31
Q

What happened to the jacobins?

A

Some executed
Some given lesser sentences = deported

32
Q

Where did threats to stability also come from?

A

Returning emigres, wanted to regain property and restore monarchy
Royalists who wanted to restore Catholic Church

33
Q

What declaration did the comte de Provence encourage to restore French glory?

A

‘Verona Declaration’

34
Q

Who did his younger brother the comte d’Artois support?

A

The royalists Choan rebels in Brittany
Supported a British-led invasion there

35
Q

Where did the Republicans and Choans agree peace in Apr?

A

La Jaunaye

36
Q

What rising did general Hoche defeat in Jul?

A

At Quiberon Bay
Executed 700 emigres

37
Q

What did the Thermidorians do to stop the reinstation of Catholic Church?

A

Maintained bans on religious dress, symbols, processions, bell ringing, gatherings monitored
There was a broad policy of toleration

38
Q

How did the Catholic Clergymen respond to this?

A

Ignored the restrictions
This forced conv to reintroduce oath of loyalty in feb 95

39
Q

What were the French army victories?

A

Fleurus - recapture of Austrian Netherlands, vic against United Provinces = ‘Batavian Republique’, Prussians gave back bank of Rhine, pre-war borders of Spain given back

40
Q

What did all these victories let the Thermidorians focus on?

A

Internal matters

41
Q

What did the ‘bourgeois’ Thermidorians favour?

A

Economic freedom for business and commerce

42
Q

What actions did they take to encourage this?

A

Ended price controls
Deregulated trade
Restored paper currency

43
Q

What made life hard for working people in Paris?

A

Ending of the maximum
More printing of assignat = inflation
Poor harvest of 1794
Freezing winter in 1794-5

44
Q

What was the value of the assignat compared to its origional value?

A

10th

45
Q

What happened in response to this?

A

Factories closed
Farmners refused to sell their grain to supply money for the capital

46
Q

What did the bread ration fall to for Parisians on 10 May?

A

60g/day

47
Q

What happened to the population?

A

100s starved, froze to death, or committed suicide

48
Q

What was the Rising of Germinal on 1 Apr 1795?

A

10,000 sc invaded conv unarmed or organised

49
Q

What did they demand?

A

‘Bread and the constitution of 1773’

50
Q

What happened when National Guardsmen came?

A

They withdrew without resistance
Leading agitators arrested

51
Q

What did the conc place Paris under?

A

Martial law - arrested people, deported former Montagnards, ordered disarming of people who played a part in the Terror

52
Q

When was the Rising of Prairial?

A

20/21 May 1795

53
Q

What happened in the RofP?

A

More sc women + men invaded conv, killed deputy that tried to stop them and put his head on a pike

54
Q

What did they demand?

A

Release of jacobin prisioners
Instatement of constitution of 1793
New controls to ensure better supply of food in the capital

55
Q

What did the conv do to get the rebels out?

A

Agreed to established a food commission
Called troops to drive them out + Muscadins helped

56
Q

What happened the next day? (2 Prairial)

A

20,000 sc + NG loaded canon onto conv
40,000 regular soldiers called to dispel crowds

57
Q

How was peace made?

A

No shots fired, 2 sides negotiated, petitions presented, sc withdrew

58
Q

What did the conv do to prevent further trouble?

A

Marched troops to Saint-Antoine and forced surrender of weapons, leaders or presumed leaders captured

59
Q

How many people were dealt with?

A

Cross-examined = 6,000
Executed = 12 deputies

60
Q

When was the Rising of Vendemaire?

A

5 Oct 1795

61
Q

Why was it different to the other protests?

A

It was a royalist rising

62
Q

What caused them to protest?

A

They believed the plebisite was rigged to have a new non-monarchial constitution
Compte d’Artois landed near Vendee

63
Q

Who were in the protests?

A

Muscadins, factory + property owners who felt their interests weren’t protected

64
Q

What did the conv do when they heard there was an army coming?

A

Assembled 3 battalions, called on unemployed jacobin army officers to help, General baron de Menou dismissed when he tried to negotiate with royalists

65
Q

What did they do after this?

A

Barras + Napoleontook command, on 15 oct fired 40 cannons onto armed royalist groups around conv

66
Q

What did a historian call the firing?

A

‘Whiff of grapeshot’

Alevel French Revolution (24 decks)

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