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Alevel French Revolution > Chapter 13 - The Aftermath Of The Terror > Flashcards

Chapter 13 - The Aftermath Of The Terror Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the Thermidorian reaction?

A

The period of time between the fall of R and the setting up of the Directory

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2
Q

What happened 31Jul (13 Thermidor)?

A

Vacancies in CPS + CGS filled by Dantonists + people from the ‘plain’

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3
Q

What happened 1 Aug (14 Thermidor)?

A

Law of 22 Prairial repealed, people released from gaols
A feared public prosecutor guillotined

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4
Q

What happened 10 Aug?

A

The Rev Tribunal reorganised and guillotining decreased, exiling to Guiana = alternative

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5
Q

What happened 24 Aug?

A

Law of Rev Govt reorganisation away from centralisation

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6
Q

What were the decentralising methods?

A
  • Rev committees = 1/Departement
    (Broke down power of sc)
  • Central govt = 16 comittees
    25% of members changed each month
    (Reduced powers of CPS + CGS)
  • New representants-en-missions to oversee changes + make sure Jacobins removed from authority
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7
Q

What happened 31Aug?

A

Powers of Paris Commune reduced

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8
Q

What happened 18 Sept?

A

Church + State separated
State stopped paying clerical salaries
Ended ‘Constitutional Church’

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9
Q

What happened 12 Nov?

A

Jacobin club closed down

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10
Q

What happened 24 Dec?

A

The Law of the Maximum was repealed
Public workshops (used to provide for poor) now privatised

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11
Q

What measures then happened in 1795?

A
  • Toleration for all religions (some Catholic practices remained restricted)
  • Representants-en-mission abandoned
  • Rev Tribunal abolished
  • Law of Suspects repealed
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12
Q

By the end of 1794, who were in charge of central and local govt?

A

The moderates
(represented the propertied bourgeosie)

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13
Q

How many deputies who signed a resolution to support expelling Girodins, were readmitted to the conv?

A

73

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14
Q

What were the Jacobins/Montagnards happy to do?

A

Forget their past

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15
Q

What did all the leading Thermidorians share a desire to do?

A

Restore stability without resorting to extreme Jacobinism or monarchy

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16
Q

What was a slight challenge?

A

They had little in common and their political views ranged across a political spectrum

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17
Q

Who were the prominent Thermidorians?

A

Tallien, Fouche, Barras, Freron

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18
Q

Who was Tallien?

A

Was Montagnard in NC
Member of CGS
Supported military action - Thermidorian reaction, coup of thermidor, rev tribunals, member of cof500, went to Egypt with N

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19
Q

Who was Fouche?

A

served in every govt, NC deputy, representant-en-mission, minister of police, count of empire, made duc d’Otrante

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20
Q

Who was Barras?

A

Nobleman, in legislative assembly + NC, representant-en-mission, overthrew R, affair with N future wife, helped create directory, fell from power in coup of brumaire, spent time in exile after

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21
Q

Who was Freron?

A

Radical journalist, NC, representant-en-mission, ruthless to enforce Terror, wrote anti-jacobin ideas inciting Muscadins to attack sc

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22
Q

What was the name the ‘White Terror’ given to?

A

The series of purges and campaigns where the Thermidorians took action against people of the Terror

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23
Q

Who supported this?

A

Muscadins + jeunesse doree

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24
Q

Who were the jeunesse doree?

A

‘Guilded youth’, wore fashionable clothes, armed + attacked sc and jacobins in the street, felled trees of liberty , trampled tricolour, shut jacobin newspapers

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25
What did the Muscadins do?
Helped destroy jacobin club, campaigned to 'demartyrise' Marat, defend Conv
26
What did the victims of the Terror do?
Formed gangs + militas to drive out or murder jacobins
27
How did the conv try to mediate?
Offering amnesties to people handing in arms at the vendee
28
What was an example of the extreme behaviour?
Violent massacre in Lyons in May 1795, where jacobin prisoners hauled from cells and slaughtered
29
What was worse, the White Terror, or the Great Terror?
The Great Terror
30
Why did the rev tribunal continue until may 1795?
To permit legal actions against jacobins
31
What happened to the jacobins?
Some executed Some given lesser sentences = deported
32
Where did threats to stability also come from?
Returning emigres, wanted to regain property and restore monarchy Royalists who wanted to restore Catholic Church
33
What declaration did the comte de Provence encourage to restore French glory?
'Verona Declaration'
34
Who did his younger brother the comte d'Artois support?
The royalists Choan rebels in Brittany Supported a British-led invasion there
35
Where did the Republicans and Choans agree peace in Apr?
La Jaunaye
36
What rising did general Hoche defeat in Jul?
At Quiberon Bay Executed 700 emigres
37
What did the Thermidorians do to stop the reinstation of Catholic Church?
Maintained bans on religious dress, symbols, processions, bell ringing, gatherings monitored There was a broad policy of toleration
38
How did the Catholic Clergymen respond to this?
Ignored the restrictions This forced conv to reintroduce oath of loyalty in feb 95
39
What were the French army victories?
Fleurus - recapture of Austrian Netherlands, vic against United Provinces = 'Batavian Republique', Prussians gave back bank of Rhine, pre-war borders of Spain given back
40
What did all these victories let the Thermidorians focus on?
Internal matters
41
What did the 'bourgeois' Thermidorians favour?
Economic freedom for business and commerce
42
What actions did they take to encourage this?
Ended price controls Deregulated trade Restored paper currency
43
What made life hard for working people in Paris?
Ending of the maximum More printing of assignat = inflation Poor harvest of 1794 Freezing winter in 1794-5
44
What was the value of the assignat compared to its origional value?
10th
45
What happened in response to this?
Factories closed Farmners refused to sell their grain to supply money for the capital
46
What did the bread ration fall to for Parisians on 10 May?
60g/day
47
What happened to the population?
100s starved, froze to death, or committed suicide
48
What was the Rising of Germinal on 1 Apr 1795?
10,000 sc invaded conv unarmed or organised
49
What did they demand?
'Bread and the constitution of 1773'
50
What happened when National Guardsmen came?
They withdrew without resistance Leading agitators arrested
51
What did the conc place Paris under?
Martial law - arrested people, deported former Montagnards, ordered disarming of people who played a part in the Terror
52
When was the Rising of Prairial?
20/21 May 1795
53
What happened in the RofP?
More sc women + men invaded conv, killed deputy that tried to stop them and put his head on a pike
54
What did they demand?
Release of jacobin prisioners Instatement of constitution of 1793 New controls to ensure better supply of food in the capital
55
What did the conv do to get the rebels out?
Agreed to established a food commission Called troops to drive them out + Muscadins helped
56
What happened the next day? (2 Prairial)
20,000 sc + NG loaded canon onto conv 40,000 regular soldiers called to dispel crowds
57
How was peace made?
No shots fired, 2 sides negotiated, petitions presented, sc withdrew
58
What did the conv do to prevent further trouble?
Marched troops to Saint-Antoine and forced surrender of weapons, leaders or presumed leaders captured
59
How many people were dealt with?
Cross-examined = 6,000 Executed = 12 deputies
60
When was the Rising of Vendemaire?
5 Oct 1795
61
Why was it different to the other protests?
It was a royalist rising
62
What caused them to protest?
They believed the plebisite was rigged to have a new non-monarchial constitution Compte d'Artois landed near Vendee
63
Who were in the protests?
Muscadins, factory + property owners who felt their interests weren't protected
64
What did the conv do when they heard there was an army coming?
Assembled 3 battalions, called on unemployed jacobin army officers to help, General baron de Menou dismissed when he tried to negotiate with royalists
65
What did they do after this?
Barras + Napoleontook command, on 15 oct fired 40 cannons onto armed royalist groups around conv
66
What did a historian call the firing?
'Whiff of grapeshot'

Alevel French Revolution (24 decks)

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