Chapter 8 - The Sans-culottes And The Collapse Of The Constitutional Experiment

Question 1

What were the sans-culottes?

Answer 1

Working class supporters of the political left wing

Question 2

Who did they idolise?

Answer 2

Danton + Marat

Question 3

What were a majority of the sc?

Answer 3

Artisans
Craftsmen
Shopkeepers
Seamstresses

Question 4

What did they share a hatred for?

Answer 4

‘Selfish wealth’ of the bourgeoisie and aristocratic elites

Question 5

What did the sc’s lives revolve around?

Answer 5

The cost of bread

Question 6

What was their uniform?

Answer 6

Wooden bonnet rouge
Sabots

Question 7

What happened on the journee of 20 June 1792?

Answer 7

Anniversary of the tennis court oath a mob of 8000 sc + NGs marched to the Tuilleries

Question 8

What did they want Louis to do?

Answer 8

They carried petitions demanding he withdraw his votes and reinstate his pro-war ministers

Question 9

What did Louis do?

Answer 9

Opened the doors to the crowd
Put a bonnet rouge on
Drank to a toast of the nation

Question 10

How did the crowds react?

Answer 10

They withdrew

Question 11

Who demanded action against the protesters?

Answer 11

Lafayette

Question 12

What justified the sc demands?

Answer 12

The retreat of the Army of the North

Question 13

What decree was put forward on the 11 July?

Answer 13

La patrie en danger
(The fatherland in danger)

Question 14

What did the La Patrie en danger do?

Answer 14

Called on all men to support the war effort in a spirit of self-sacrifice

Question 15

What did Robespierre say in a speech in the Assembly on 29 July?

Answer 15

France should be a Republic
There should be elections to a National Convention where active + passive citizens can vote

Question 16

What was said in a manifesto by Duke of Brunswick?

Answer 16

Any National Guardsmen captured by the Austrians would be put to death without mercy + Paris would suffer vengeance if harm came to the king

Question 17

What did the Brunswick manifesto add fuel to?

Answer 17

Those who wanted to get rid of the monarchy

Question 18

What happened 10 August 1792?

Answer 18

Second sc march to the Tulleries

Question 19

How many people marched?

Answer 19

2000 sc + 2000 federes

Question 20

Where was the king advised to go to as the protesters were well armed and prepared?

Answer 20

The Assembly

Question 21

Who were left to protect the palace?

Answer 21

Loyal National Guardsmen
‘gentlemen-at-arms’
Swiss guards

Question 22

What happened when the National Guards defected?

Answer 22

Crowds came into the courtyard
A shot was fired

Question 23

How long did the battle go on for?

Answer 23

2 hours

Question 24

How many people died?

Answer 24

1000 sc + federes
Nearly all the defenders
(the palace was set on fire)

Question 25

Where did the Paris Commune then move the king to?

Answer 25

The Temple prison

Question 26

What did they do to the king to form a republic?

Answer 26

Temporarily suspended him

Question 27

What was in the new decree that they issued afterwards?

Answer 27

Ended the distinction between passive and active citizens A new Convention elected

Question 28

Who became the new Minister of Justice?

Answer 28

Danton

Question 29

What did he set up?

Answer 29

A committee of ministers to take executive power until new elections could be held All the laws the king put on suspensory veto now passed

Question 30

What happened 17 August?

Answer 30

Court set up to prosecute traitors

Question 31

What happened 26 August?

Answer 31

Refractory priests given 2 weeks to leave the country voluntarily or be deported to French Guyana Seigneurs were no longer compensated

Question 32

What did Lafayette do?

Answer 32

Wanted to march to Paris to restore the constitution Failed to gain support + fled to defect to the Austrians

Question 33

Who replaced him?

Answer 33

Dumouriez

Question 34

Where had been taken over?

Answer 34

25 Aug - Longwy 1 Sept - Verdun

Question 35

How many people were killed in the royal rising in the Vendee?

Answer 35

200

Question 36

What did Danton do to reduce the panic?

Answer 36

30 Aug - House searches (3000 taken to prison) 2 Sept - Enforced conscription (levee)

Question 37

Why was the atmosphere tense?

Answer 37

Rumours of Aristocratic plots Fear of traitors

Question 38

What were tocsins?

Answer 38

Warning bells

Question 39

What did the tocsin sounding do?

Answer 39

5 days of killing 100-1500 prisoners in Paris massacred

Question 40

What was the massacre referred to as?

Answer 40

An orgy of blood-letting

Question 41

What were the first attacks led by the federes?

Answer 41

Refractory priests being taken to or held in prison

Question 42

Where did the massacres spread to?

Answer 42

Political prisoners Ordinary criminals Monks, Nuns + Priests

Question 43

What were the sc encouraged by in their spontaneous attacks?

Answer 43

Members of the Commune + NG Marat - who published an article on traitors being 'put to the sword'

Question 44

What was the outcome?

Answer 44

Fears abroad of rev Girodins blamed Jacobins = increased split Authority of Assembly 'weak' and Danton and Robspierre's increased

Question 45

What did the massacres on 2 Sept coincide with?

Answer 45

Second stage of the elections for a new National Convention

Question 46

What was special about this election?

Answer 46

All adult male citizens were given the vote for the first time

Question 47

How did the Girodins try to influence the voting towards them?

Answer 47

Wrote about the need for a return for stability in their newspapers

Question 48

What was the effect in Paris?

Answer 48

No Girodin candidate was elected because of their hostility towards the commune and actions of the sc

Question 49

Who was the people's first choice in Paris?

Answer 49

Robespierre

Question 50

Who was also chosen to represent the capital?

Answer 50

Marat Danton Desmoulins

Question 51

Why did the widening of the electorate have little impact?

Answer 51

There was low voter turnout

Question 52

What were deputies mostly supporting?

Answer 52

Jacobins + Girodins Many known as 'the plain' - didn't obviously support either

Question 53

When did the New Convention open?

Answer 53

20 Sept

Question 54

What also happened 20 Sept?

Answer 54

French army won against the Austro-Prussian forces at Valmy