Chapter 4 - Devopments February 1787 - May 1789

Question 1

When was the Assembly of Notables?

Answer 1

Feb - May 1787

Question 2

Why did Louis call the assembly of notables?

Answer 2

To help with reform plans
To present and get support for Calonne’s plans

Question 3

What did Louis expect out of the Assembly?

Answer 3

For people to abide by what he wanted and agree

Question 4

What did the assembly actually do?

Answer 4

Very hostile to new plans on taking the church
Notables didn’t think the situation was bad enough

Question 5

When was the last time such an Assembly had met?

Answer 5

1626

Question 6

What did Calonne do in response?

Answer 6

Revealed Necker was wrong
Accused the Notables of letting self interest get in the way of change

Question 7

What did the Notables then see Calonne as?

Answer 7

Example of the hated ‘ministerial depotism’

Question 8

What year was Calonne forced to go?

Answer 8

1787

Question 9

Who replaced Calonne?

Answer 9

Brienne

Question 10

What changes did Brienne propose?

Answer 10

Changes to the army, navy, administration of govt + royalty
Tolerance to Protestants
Deregulated grain trade
Change corvée royale into tax
Extend provincial assemblies giving taxpayers the right to vote for these
Spread of education
Codification of the law
Abolishment of tax farming
Establish a central treasury

Question 11

Who would oppose these changes?

Answer 11

The wealthiest

Question 12

What lead to accusations of incompetence for Brienne?

Answer 12

The publication of accounts

Question 13

What did the government say with the breakdown of trust?

Answer 13

‘No taxation without representation’

Question 14

What did the Notables want?

Answer 14

A meeting of the Estates General

Question 15

What did Louis do in return?

Answer 15

Dismissed the Assembly

Question 16

What did Brienne have to resort to?

Answer 16

Borrowing a loan

Question 17

What is the Estates General?

Answer 17

An Assembly that could be called by the King to discuss major issues that included the three different estates

Question 18

Without the Assembly to endorse tax changes who did Brienne ask?

Answer 18

The parlements

Question 19

What did he ask the parlements?

Answer 19

Land tax
Higher stamp duties

Question 20

Why did they decline?

Answer 20

They benefitted from the system

Question 21

What did the parlements want to do?

Answer 21

‘Speak for the nation’
Help against depotism

Question 22

What did those aims resemble?

Answer 22

The Enlightenment

Question 23

What did Brienne do to try and force the registration of the tax proposals?

Answer 23

Use the lit de justice

Question 24

What is the lit de justice?

Answer 24

The compulsory registration of royal edicts

Question 25

What did Paris Parlements do in July?

Answer 25

Refused this and petitioned to the King for an Estates General

Question 26

Where did ordinary Parisians gather to support this?

Answer 26

The Palais-Royal

Question 27

Whose home was it?

Answer 27

The kings liberal minded cousin

Question 28

Where else had his cousin spoken out against Louis?

Answer 28

The Assembly of Notables

Question 29

What did Louis do to retaliate?

Answer 29

Banished the Parlement to Troyes

Question 30

What did the provincial parlements refuse to do?

Answer 30

Register the edicts

Question 31

What did Louis’ action increase?

Answer 31

Rioting in the streets of Paris

Question 32

What did Louis do as the financial crisis was growing?

Answer 32

Allowed the Paris Parlements to return in September

Question 33

What did Louis hold in November?

Answer 33

A ‘royal session’

Question 34

What happened to his cousin in the session?

Answer 34

He was exiled in the letters de cachet for being too outspoken

Question 35

What else happened in the royal session?

Answer 35

As royal troops surrounded more loans were approved through the lit de justice

Question 36

What did the parlements get for approving another Vingtième?

Answer 36

Louis was forced to have an Estates General

Question 37

When did Louis promise to have an Estates General by?

Answer 37

1792

Question 38

What were the ‘fundamental laws of the kingdom’?

Answer 38

Laws that couldn’t be changed even by royal demand

Question 39

What was needed for the ‘fundamental laws of the kingdom’?

Answer 39

An Estates General

Question 40

How did Louis respond?

Answer 40

Arrested more members Planned to remove parlements’ powers

Question 41

What was the removal of the parlements’ powers known as?

Answer 41

The ‘May Edicts’

Question 42

What did the May Edicts say?

Answer 42

New people will be selected by the King Legal work transferred to lower courts Numbers of judges in PP reduced

Question 43

How were the edicts forced through?

Answer 43

Lit de justice

Question 44

What did this provoke?

Answer 44

An all-night protest session in the PP

Question 45

How did the provincial parlements add to the political breakdown?

Answer 45

Flooded the royal court with remonstrances

Question 46

How did the PP add to the political breakdown?

Answer 46

Wanted to end the letters de cachet + imprisonment without trial

Question 47

Who were political pamphlets attacking?

Answer 47

Brienne + Lamoignon

Question 48

Who added their voice for having an Estates General?

Answer 48

Assembly of Clergy

Question 49

What collapsed?

Answer 49

Royal authority

Question 50

Who lead or coordinated many sporadic risings?

Answer 50

Nobles

Question 51

What happened in Grenoble?

Answer 51

Royal troops who arrived to restore order had been pelted with stones or roof slates

Question 52

What day was this known as?

Answer 52

‘Day of tiles’ 7 Jun 1788

Question 53

Why was Louis forced to call for an Estates General?

Answer 53

France couldn’t afford anymore loans (Bankrupt)

Question 54

What did Brienne do?

Answer 54

Resigned (MA request)

Question 55

Who was reinstated?

Answer 55

Necker

Question 56

Why was there debate about how the Estates General should be run?

Answer 56

Was there going to be equal representation of the Estates? Should they meet separately or together? Was there one vote per Estate?

Question 57

Why wasn’t it good to follow the same procedures as the last meeting in 1614?

Answer 57

It would work against the third estate

Question 58

What happened because of the disproportionate representation?

Answer 58

New enlightened leaders rose up

Question 59

What were the new enlightened leaders fighting for?

Answer 59

Fundamental rights

Question 60

What did the King and Necker do at the end of Dec 1788?

Answer 60

Gave the third estate double representation But still 1 vote

Question 61

Who was frustrated at the lack of preparation for the Estates General?

Answer 61

Compte de Mirabeau

Question 62

Why did the Kings minister of foreign affairs refuse to see Mirabeau?

Answer 62

He had a dispute with Necker

Question 63

What society influenced the third estate to become more politicised?

Answer 63

Société des Trente - noble liberal reformers - Lafayette Held meetings and made pamphlets

Question 64

What publication made the third estate more politicised?

Answer 64

Abbé Sieyes pamphlet - ‘What is the Third Estate?’ Wrote in simple language, encouraging for them to act like leaders

Question 65

How did the economic situation make the third estate more politicised?

Answer 65

Poor 1788 harvest 88% wages on bread

Question 66

Why were the Third Estate encouraged to voice their opinions?

Answer 66

They had to write a cahiers de doléances for discussion at the Estates General

Question 67

What were the Cahiers de Doléances?

Answer 67

Ledgers of complaints

Question 68

When did the elections take place?

Answer 68

At a time of economic discontent