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Alevel French Revolution > Chapter 18 - Social Change > Flashcards

Chapter 18 - Social Change Flashcards

1
Q

What did N mean by ‘open to talents’?

A

Promised men + women could advance themselves by their own merit

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2
Q

What was an example of this?

A

General Augereau
Son of Parisian fruit seller
Became Marshal of France

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3
Q

Why was this also limited?

A

In lower ranks of society hard outside of military to advance
Only interested in educated + wealthy

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4
Q

Why did N like hierarchies?

A

Own military background
Gave people something to aspire to
Rewards for loyalty were effective

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5
Q

What was the Legion of honour?

A

1802 reward those who had shown their loyalty

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6
Q

Who did it mostly go to?

A

Those in military - 32,000
Only 1,500 to civilians

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7
Q

What was N role?

A

The grand master of the order

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8
Q

What were some of the hierarchically called?

A

Grand master
Grand officers
Cohorts
5 classes = knights, eagle

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9
Q

What did recipients get from the Legion of Honour?

A

Small annual salary
Wear star of the order - had N head + motto ‘Honneur et Patrie’

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10
Q

What was introduced in 1805?

A

Wearing a sash + silver star with eagle

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11
Q

What did people get called with the award from 1808?

A

Knight if the Empire
Hereditary after 3 generations of recipients

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12
Q

How many women received the LofH?

A

3
One for being in army but pretending to be a man

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13
Q

What did N give his family when he became Emperor?

A

Princely titles

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14
Q

What titles were created in 1806?

A

Ducal titles
‘Marshals of France’

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15
Q

Who was included in the ‘imperial nobility’ in an Imperial decree 1808?

A

Counts
Barons
Knights

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16
Q

What percentage of titles went to military men?

A

59%

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17
Q

Where were given with titles also?

A

Gifts of estates + pensions
Larger income
Became hereditary

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18
Q

What did N change for education in 1802?

A

École populäre in each commune
Lycées for boys 10-16

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19
Q

What did he also allow?

A

Private + Church-run schools to exist alongside as long as obedience was taught

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20
Q

What were the boys in lycées divided up by?

A

Civil careers - learn languages + philosophy
Military - maths + science
Both guaranteed employment

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21
Q

Who did the lycées attract?

A

Property owning classes + military elite

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22
Q

Out of the 6400 places available how many went to the sons of civil servants + soldiers?

A

2400

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23
Q

What did some people prefer to send their children to?

A

Collèges or Instituts
More relaxed but higher fees

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24
Q

What was the role of the Imperial university?

A

Acted as a supervisory institution so that all education confirmed to certain standards

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25
Q

What else were they responsible for?

A

Teacher training
Setting up new schools
Curriculum
Inspections + school reports

26
Q

By 1812 what fraction of people in lycee + colleges were priests or ex-priests?

A

1/3

27
Q

What was N view of women?

A

Destined for marriage
Made for raising children

28
Q

What level of education did he say was sufficient for women?

A

Primary

29
Q

What measures partially increased woman’s rights?

A

Civil Code 1804 - women had more control of their own property when they married
Could possess ‘immovable’ goods but if wanting to sell had to pay 1/3 to joint asset pool

30
Q

What was still unfair for women?

A

Unable to accept inheritance or legacy without husbands authority
Divorce - men had to bring mistress home for divorce
If women adulter = 3 month gaol

31
Q

What did N change with divorce law?

A

Could be mutual consent
Many restrictions e.g age + parents of couple + children also had to give consent

32
Q

What else did N restrict?

A

Newspapers
Other publications

33
Q

How many newspapers were there?

A

1800 - 73, 13
1801 - 9, 4

34
Q

Who supervised the newspapers?

A

The police

35
Q

What weren’t the newspapers allowed to discuss?

A

Controversial subjects
Only official news + bulletins by N

36
Q

What was the govts own paper called?

A

Le Moniteur

37
Q

How many publishing houses were there after the decree in 1808?

A

From 200 to 60

38
Q

What did the 60 publishing houses have to get from the police?

A

Licenses

39
Q

What did the police also have the power to do?

A

Search them
Seize books
Fine 3000 francs for having illegal works

40
Q

What was made in 1810 for publishing houses?

A

A new censorship board

41
Q

What were official reports also made on?

A

Plays
Lectures
Posters

42
Q

What happened to playwrights + authors + theatres?

A

Fled abroad or closed down

43
Q

What was the image that N put in his propaganda?

A

Self glorification
‘’Myth of the saviour’
Portrayed as the man bringing order out the chaos

44
Q

What were the military bulletins for?

A

To boost morale of the army
Dishearten enemy

45
Q

What did N link his empire to?

A

Classical times
Kingdom of Charlemagne + the Franks

46
Q

Who did N make responsible for his paintings?

A

Jacques-Louis David
Painted Imperial coronation

47
Q

What was the symbol of the Grande Armée?

A

The Eagle

48
Q

What did N rebuild in a programme?

A

Roads
Abattoirs
Markets
Water supply
Fountains
Buildings

49
Q

What buildings were built to help glorify the regime?

A

Arc du Carosel
Arc de Triumphe
Vendôme Column
La Madeleine

50
Q

What would reconciliation of the church help the policies of?

A

Amalgame
Ralliement

51
Q

What was a benefit of N being civil with priests?

A

Their teachings could encourage acceptance + obedience
Help preserve social order

52
Q

What did N decree in 1800?

A

Churches open everyday of the week
Sunday is the day of rest

53
Q

What was in the Concordat 1801?

A

Pope = head of Catholic Church
Catholicism = religion of majority
Catholic worship freely available
Pope recognised new regime + didn’t take back land
Bishops + Clergy nominated by First Consul + paid as civil servants + take oath of loyalty

54
Q

What was published with the Concordat?

A

‘Organic Articles’
Govt approval before any Papal legate
Religious toleration to Protestants + Jews

55
Q

What was N horrified by?

A

Treatment of Jews in Terror
Had to wear yellow armbands in ghetto
Excluded from business

56
Q

What did the concordat help N win over?

A

Uncertain royalists
People with Biens nationaux
Helped spread propaganda

57
Q

What happened after the concordat?

A

Refractory priests came out of hiding
Churches reopened
Rev calendar abandoned

58
Q

Why did N relationship with the Pope slowly deteriorate?

A

F ambitions in Italy
He was humiliated at N coronation
He was ignored when N released new beliefs of the church to schools (catechism)

59
Q

What did N call himself?

A

God’s power + ‘image on earth’

60
Q

What happened 2 years later?

A

1808
F occupied Rome
Imprisoned the Pope

61
Q

What did N force the Pope to sign?

A

Concordat of Fontaineau - but never put into effect

Alevel French Revolution (24 decks)

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