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Alevel French Revolution > Chapter 5 - The Revolution, May - October 1789 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - The Revolution, May - October 1789 Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

What was the last great ceremony of the ancien regime?

A

The estates general

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2
Q

How many representatives arrived?

A

1200

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3
Q

When did the first session of the EG begin?

A

5 May

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4
Q

Who opened the EG?

A

Louis
(Addressed the circumstances leading to the meeting)

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5
Q

What concerns of the third estate did Louis fail to address?

A

No ‘reform package’
Didn’t know how the meeting would proceed + how voting would take place

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6
Q

What did the third estate not want to do?

A

Meeting separately to the first two estates

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7
Q

What did the third estate want before verification?

A

Voting by head agreement

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8
Q

Who was one of the most influential third estate leaders of these weeks?

A

Abbé Sieyès

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9
Q

What did Sieyès argue?

A

The third estate was ‘the nation’ and had every right to act alone if others refused to join it

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10
Q

Who joined the third estate deputies?

A

Clerics
(Not nobles)

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11
Q

What did the third estate vote to call itself?

A

The National Assembly

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12
Q

What was the NA intentions?

A

To represent the nation
To make its own decisions on the future of the French state

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13
Q

Who then also joined the third estate?

A

The Clergy

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14
Q

What had the kings intention been on?

A

His eldest son who died of tuberculosis of the spine

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15
Q

Who was persuading Louis to make a reform package?

A

Necker

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16
Q

Why were the doors to the assembly room locked and guarded the 20 June?

A

There needed to be alterations to the room

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17
Q

Why did they fear the worst?

A

They hadn’t been told

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18
Q

What did they think the king was doing?

A

Forcibly dissolving the assembly

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19
Q

Who was their elected president?

A

Jean-Sylvain Bailly

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20
Q

What did they do as a result?

A

Found the nearest available indoor space = the royal tennis court

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21
Q

What did they swear at the new meeting area?

A

The ‘Tennis Court Oath’

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22
Q

What was the declaration?

A

To never disband until a new constitution is formed
It was a direct challenge to the king

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23
Q

What did Louis accept in the royal session on 23 June?

A

Fairer land tax
New taxation

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24
Q

What did the deputies dislike Louis doing?

A

Continuing to use the term ‘Estates General’
Refusing to accept the name ‘National Assembly’
Demanded the estates still met separately

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25
What did members do at the end of the session?
Refused to leave in an act of defiance
26
Where were constant meetings held the following days?
Palais-Royal
27
Who stirred up fury against the court?
Desmoulins
28
How many troops did the king bring in wars of these developments?
4,800 To Paris
29
What did Louis do 27 June?
Recognised the NA Permitted voting by head
30
What were the rumours?
Plots to arrest deputies Destroy the Assembly Cut off grain supply Starve Paris into submission
31
By 4 July how many troops were in Paris?
30,000
32
What were the troops made up of?
Foreign mercenaries Couldn’t rely on the loyalty of French troops
33
Who did Louis dismiss 11 July?
Necker
34
What prices were high due to a bad harvest?
Bread
35
What were some general influences on the Parisians?
Versailles 20km away Thriving printing industry Skilled artisans lived near Bastille Reliant on regular employment High literacy rate Wealthy moved out Food supplies had entry taxes Rumours spread easily
36
What are specific influences of the Parisians?
Bad harvests = bread prices Migrants to Paris for work Rumours of hoarding Fears of wage reductions Compilation of cahiers Pamphlets + newspapers Troops = fear Palais-Royal heard rev thinking
37
Where did mobs raid 12-13 July?
Sword-smiths Gun shops Custom posts (barrières) Prisons Factories Monastery of Saint-Lazare
38
What did the some of the royal troops do?
Joined the rioters
39
What did some Parisian electors set up to take control of the city?
The Commune
40
What did the Commune organise?
A National Guard of volunteers that would ‘police’ the city and protect the king
41
Where did a crowd of 8000 descend on 14 July?
Les Invalides Where 32,000 muskets + artillery were found
42
What were the artillery useless without?
Gunpowder
43
Where did they go to find stores of gunpowder?
The Bastille
44
What happened at the Bastille?
People forced their way in 70 ‘attackers’ were killed
45
What did Louis do from this?
Addressed Parisians in Paris Reinstated Necker Accepted NA, NG, Paris Commune
46
What did people in towns across France do?
Angry mobs attacked houses of magistrates and royal officials = forcing them to flee
47
What did the peasants think from messages from the capital?
The end to their burdens and new wealth and status
48
What did they do from this?
Refused to pay taxes Attacked landlords chateaux Burnt fences + hedges + barns Sought terriers + titres de ventes et devoirs
49
What are terriers?
The deeds listing the landowners feudal rights
50
What are the titres de ventes et devoirs?
Records of sales and obligations owed
51
What did peasants think would happen if they were destroyed?
Feudal rights would also be gone
52
What weather conditions meant there were economic issues?
1788 spring drought Poor harvest Bad winter
53
What is the ‘Great Fear’?
Rumours of Nobles stealing grain from farms or preparing to attack farming families Emigres rumoured to return with foreign armies
54
What did people do when grain merchants and aristocrats were making vast profits from scarce grain?
Attacked grain convoys
55
What did the NA do to respond to the ‘great fear’?
Abolished feudal rights
56
What was also taken away in that Assembly session?
Privileges of the nobility and the church
57
What August decrees were worked out over the subsequent days?
- Feudal dues abolished + no compensation to landlords - Exclusive rights to owning pigeons + dovecotes + hunting abolished - Abolished = seigneurial courts + tithe + fees + payments to priests + privileges from provinces + venality - All loans or harvest shares could be bought back - All citizens eligible for all ecclesiastical, civilian, military positions
58
What was made to summarise the revolutionaries’ ideals and create a new framework for the new constitution?
A ‘Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen’
59
When was the declaration passed?
26 August 1789
60
Where did the rights derive from?
The Enlightenment
61
Which Philosophes were particularly an influence?
Montesquieu = separation of powers Rousseau = social contract
62
What were put forward for the king’s assent?
The August Decrees Declaration of Rights
63
What did Louis regret in his rejected assent?
His former acceptance of the NA
64
What did Louis hope would happen?
Difficulty in maintaining order would split the revolutionaries + cause govt to collapse
65
What did the NA offer the king?
A dispensary veto
66
What was he seen doing in October?
Summoning troops back to Paris
67
What fears came from this?
That the assembly would close down again
68
What was held to celebrate the return of the king’s Flanders’s regiment?
A banquet
69
What created public outrage?
Toasts and oaths of loyalty to the king Waving the Tricolore
70
Why did women March to Versailles?
Struggling to find bread for their families
71
How many marched?
6000-7000
72
When did they march?
5 October 1789
73
Who followed to make sure the safety of the king?
Lafayette + NG
74
What did the king do after the crowds forced admittance to the palace?
Provide more grain Accept Aug Decrees + RMAC His family would move to Paris
75
Where were the royal family escorted to on the 6 Oct?
The Tuileries Palace
76
Why did the Assembly then move to Paris?
Business was impossible without the king

Alevel French Revolution (24 decks)

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