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Medical Terminology > Chapter 14 CNS > Flashcards

Chapter 14 CNS Flashcards

1
Q

aneurysm

A

localized abnormal dilation of a vessel, usually an artery

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2
Q

cerebral MRI

A

noninvasive technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images of blood vessels in the brain

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3
Q

cisterna subarachnoidalis

A

Widening portions of the subarachnoid space within the cranium where the arachnoid bridges over a depression on the surface of the brain

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4
Q

CSF

A

located in the subarachnoid space; colorless fluid that contains proteins, glucose, urea, salts, and some WBCs. Circulates to provide nutritive substances to the CNS

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5
Q

CT scan

A

imaging technique that rotates an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned (brain) and measures the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles

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6
Q

hydrocephalus

A

any interference with the absorption of CSF resulting in a collection of fluid in the brain

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7
Q

lumbar puncture

A

procedure to extract spinal fluid for diagnostic purposes, introduce anesthetic agents into the spinal canal, or remove fluid to allow other fluids to be injected

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8
Q

meningismus

A

A condition characterized by neck stiffness, headache, and other symptoms suggestive of meningeal irritation, but without actual inflammation of the meninges (meningitis). Spinal fluid pressure may be elevated but spinal fluid is normal

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9
Q

occipital

A

the two lobes of the brain located above the occipital bone in the rearmost portion of the head

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10
Q

R/O

A

rule out

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11
Q

subarachnoid

A

the space between the arachnoid and the pia mater containing CSF

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12
Q

abscess

A

localized collection of pus at the site of infection

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13
Q

acute

A

rapid onset and/or short course

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14
Q

clonidine

A

a sympatholytic medication used to treat high blood pressure, ADHD, anxiety/panic disorders, and certain pain conditions. It is classified as a centrally acting α2 adrenergic agonist

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15
Q

epidural

A

The epidural space is the space inside the bony spinal canal but just outside the dura mater

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16
Q

fluroscopy

A

radiographic technique in which x-rays are directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays continuous motion images of internal structures

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17
Q

infarct

A

An area of tissue that undergoes necrosis as a result of obstruction of local blood supply, as by a thrombus or embolus

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18
Q

L2-3

A

lumbar vertebrae 2 and 3

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19
Q

lumbar

A

of or pertaining to the abdominal segment of the torso, between the diaphragm and the sacrum

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20
Q

methadone

A

Treats moderate to severe pain. Also used together with medical supervision and counseling to treat narcotic drug addiction or to help control withdrawal symptoms. This medicine is a narcotic pain reliever

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21
Q

myelitis

A

inflammation of the spinal cord, which often targets insulating material covering nerve cell fibers (myelin)

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22
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis of the lower portion of the trunk and both legs

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23
Q

paresthesia

A

A skin sensation, such as burning, prickling, itching, or tingling, with no apparent physical cause

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24
Q

T 10-11

A

thoracic vertebrae 10 and 11

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25
transverse
acting, lying, or being across
26
hemiparesis
weakness in one half of the body
27
aphasia
inability to speak
28
Alzheimer disease
pathological condition associated with formation of small plaques in the cerebral cortex
29
bulimia nervosa
eating disorder characterized by binging and purging
30
clonic phase
part of the grand mal seizure characterized by uncontrolled jerking of the body
31
Guillain-Barre syndrome
autoimmune condition that causes acute inflammation of peripheral nerves
32
phobias
type of neurosis characterized by irrational fears
33
bipolar disorder
mental disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, emotion, and energy
34
epilepsies
chronic or recurring seizure disorders
35
ischemic stroke
commonly caused by narrowing of the carotid arteries
36
shingles
disease caused by the same organism that causes chickenpox in children
37
radiculopathy
disease of the nerve root associated with the spinal cord
38
poliomyelitis
disease that causes inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord
39
lethargy
abnormal inactivity or lack of response to normal stimuli
40
myelomeningocele
most severe form of spina bifida where the spinal cord and meninges protrude through the spine
41
autism
mental disorder characterized by extreme withdrawal and abnormal absorption in fantasy
42
Parkinson disease
disease characterized by head nodding, bradykinesia, tremors, and shuffling gait
43
multiple sclerosis
disease characterized by demyelination in the spinal cord and brain
44
concussion
loss of consciousness caused by trauma to the head
45
NCV (nerve conduction velocity)
tests the speed at which impulses travel through a nerve
46
psychostimulants
reduce impulsive behavior by increasing the level of neurotransmitters; treat ADHD and narcolepsy
47
antipsychotics
treat psychosis, paranoia, and schizophrenia by altering chemicals in the brain, including the limbic system, which controls emotions
48
general anesthetics
act upon brain to produce complete loss of feeling with loss of consciousness
49
echoencephalography
US technique used to study the intracranial structures of the brain
50
cryosurgery
technique that employs extreme cold to destroy tissue
51
myelography
radiological examination of the spinal canal, nerve roots, and spinal cord
52
cerebral angiography
visualization of the cerebrovascular system after injection of a radiopaque dye
53
CSF analysis
laboratory test used to diagnose viral and bacterial infections, tumors, and hemorrhage
54
electromyography
recording of electrical signals when a muscle is at rest and during contraction to assess nerve damage
55
PET scan
scan using computed tomography to record the positrons emitted from a radiopharmaceutical
56
tractotomy
transection of a nerve tract in the brainstem or spinal cord
57
hypnotics
agents that depress the CNS functions, promote sedation and sleep, and relieve agitation, anxiousness, and restlessness
58
trephination
cutting a circular opening into the skull to reveal brain tissue and decrease intracranial pressure
59
localized abnormal dilation of a vessel, usually an artery
aneurysm
60
noninvasive technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images of blood vessels in the brain
cerebral MRI
61
Widening portions of the subarachnoid space within the cranium where the arachnoid bridges over a depression on the surface of the brain
cisterna subarachnoidalis
62
located in the subarachnoid space; colorless fluid that contains proteins, glucose, urea, salts, and some WBCs. Circulates to provide nutritive substances to the CNS
CSF
63
imaging technique that rotates an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned (brain) and measures the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles
CT scan
64
any interference with the absorption of CSF resulting in a collection of fluid in the brain
hydrocephalus
65
procedure to extract spinal fluid for diagnostic purposes, introduce anesthetic agents into the spinal canal, or remove fluid to allow other fluids to be injected
lumbar puncture
66
A condition characterized by neck stiffness, headache, and other symptoms suggestive of meningeal irritation, but without actual inflammation of the meninges (meningitis). Spinal fluid pressure may be elevated but spinal fluid is normal
meningismus
67
the two lobes of the brain located above the occipital bone in the rearmost portion of the head
occipital
68
rule out
R/O
69
the space between the arachnoid and the pia mater containing CSF
subarachnoid
70
localized collection of pus at the site of infection
abscess
71
rapid onset and/or short course
acute
72
a sympatholytic medication used to treat high blood pressure, ADHD, anxiety/panic disorders, and certain pain conditions. It is classified as a centrally acting α2 adrenergic agonist
clonidine
73
the space inside the bony spinal canal & just outside the dura mater
epidural
74
radiographic technique in which x-rays are directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays continuous motion images of internal structures
fluroscopy
75
An area of tissue that undergoes necrosis as a result of obstruction of local blood supply, as by a thrombus or embolus
infarct
76
lumbar vertebrae 2 and 3
L2-3
77
of or pertaining to the abdominal segment of the torso, between the diaphragm and the sacrum
lumbar
78
Treats moderate to severe pain. Also used together with medical supervision and counseling to treat narcotic drug addiction or to help control withdrawal symptoms. This medicine is a narcotic pain reliever
methadone
79
inflammation of the spinal cord, which often targets insulating material covering nerve cell fibers (myelin)
myelitis
80
paralysis of the lower portion of the trunk and both legs
paraplegia
81
A skin sensation, such as burning, prickling, itching, or tingling, with no apparent physical cause
paresthesia
82
thoracic vertebrae 10 and 11
T 10-11
83
acting, lying, or being across
transverse
84
weakness in one half of the body
hemiparesis
85
inability to speak
aphasia
86
pathological condition associated with formation of small plaques in the cerebral cortex
Alzheimer disease
87
eating disorder characterized by binging and purging
bulimia nervosa
88
part of the grand mal seizure characterized by uncontrolled jerking of the body
clonic phase
89
autoimmune condition that causes acute inflammation of peripheral nerves
Guillain-Barre syndrome
90
type of neurosis characterized by irrational fears
phobias
91
mental disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, emotion, and energy
bipolar disorder
92
chronic or recurring seizure disorders
epilepsies
93
commonly caused by narrowing of the carotid arteries
ischemic stroke
94
disease caused by the same organism that causes chickenpox in children
shingles
95
disease of the nerve root associated with the spinal cord
radiculopathy
96
disease that causes inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord
poliomyelitis
97
abnormal inactivity or lack of response to normal stimuli
lethargy
98
most severe form of spina bifida where the spinal cord and meninges protrude through the spine
myelomeningocele
99
mental disorder characterized by extreme withdrawal and abnormal absorption in fantasy
autism
100
disease characterized by head nodding, bradykinesia, tremors, and shuffling gait
Parkinson disease
101
disease characterized by demyelination in the spinal cord and brain
multiple sclerosis
102
loss of consciousness caused by trauma to the head
concussion
103
tests the speed at which impulses travel through a nerve
NCV (nerve conduction velocity)
104
reduce impulsive behavior by increasing the level of neurotransmitters; treat ADHD and narcolepsy
psychostimulants
105
treat psychosis, paranoia, and schizophrenia by altering chemicals in the brain, including the limbic system, which controls emotions
antipsychotics
106
act upon brain to produce complete loss of feeling with loss of consciousness
general anesthetics
107
US technique used to study the intracranial structures of the brain
echoencephalography
108
technique that employs extreme cold to destroy tissue
cryosurgery
109
radiological examination of the spinal canal, nerve roots, and spinal cord
myelography
110
visualization of the cerebrovascular system after injection of a radiopaque dye
cerebral angiography
111
laboratory test used to diagnose viral and bacterial infections, tumors, and hemorrhage
CSF analysis
112
recording of electrical signals when a muscle is at rest and during contraction to assess nerve damage
electromyography
113
scan using computed tomography to record the positrons emitted from a radiopharmaceutical
PET scan
114
transection of a nerve tract in the brainstem or spinal cord
tractotomy
115
agents that depress the CNS functions, promote sedation and sleep, and relieve agitation, anxiousness, and restlessness
hypnotics
116
cutting a circular opening into the skull to reveal brain tissue and decrease intracranial pressure
trephination

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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