Chapters 3-4 Flashcards by Lauren Ames

Pertaining to (the period) around birth

Perinatal

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Pertaining to (the period) before birth

Prenatal

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Pertaining to (the period) after birth

Postnatal

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Pertaining to above the stomach

Epigastric

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Pertaining to under the skin

Hypodermic

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Below the ribs

Infracostal

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Under the nose

Subnasal

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Between the ribs

Intercostal

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Pertaining to (the period) after birth

Postnatal

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Knowing before

Prognosis

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Turning backwards

Retroversion

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Pertaining to two sides

Bilateral

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Double vision

Diplopia

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Bacteria linked together in pairs

Diplobacterial

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Paralysis of one side of the body

Hemiplegia

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Excessive calcium in the blood

Hypercalcemia

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Large cell

Macrocyte

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Instrument for examining small (objects)

Microscope

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One treatment

Monotherapy

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Pertaining to one nucleus

Uninuclear

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Woman who has been pregnant more than once

Multigravida

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Fear of many things

Polyphobia

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Woman during her first pregnancy

Primigravida

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Paralysis of four limbs

Quadriplegia

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Three heads

Triceps

Movement of a limb away from (an axis of) the body

Abduction

Movement of a limb toward (an axis of) the body

Adduction

Pertaining to around the kidney

Circumrenal

Pertaining to around a tooth

Periodontal

Flow through

Diarrhea

Pertaining to across or through the vagina

Transvaginal

Forming outside the body or structure

Ectogenous

Turning outward (of one or both eyes)

Exotropia

Outside the skull

Extracranial

Secrete within

Endocrine

Within the muscle

Intramuscular

Beside the nose

Paranasal

Pertaining to the upper part of a structure

Superior

Pertaining to above the kidney

Suprarenal

Pertaining to sound beyond (that which can be heard by the human ear)

Ultrasonic

Without a breast

Amastia

Without feeling

Anesthesia

Against bacteria

Antibacterial

Against conception or impregnation

Contraception

Slow heart rate

Bradycardia

Difficult childbirth

Dystocia

Normal breathing

Eupnea

Different transplant

Heterograft

Same transplant

Homograft

Formation of new tissue similar to that already existing in a part

Homeoplasia

Bad nutrition

Malnutrition

Inflammation of all (or many) joints

Panarthritis

False pregnancy

Pseudocyesis

Condition of joined fingers or toes

Syndactylism

Rapid breathing

Tachypnea

Dorsal Cavity | Cranial

Brain

Dorsal cavity | Spinal

Spinal cord

Ventral thoracic

Heart, lungs, and associated structures

Ventral cavity | Abdominopelvic

Digestive, excretory, and reproductive organs and structures

Right lobe of liver, gallbladder, part of pancreas, part of small and large intestines

Right upper quadrant | RUQ

Left lobe of liver, stomach, spleen, part of pancreas, part of small intestine and large intestines

Left upper quadrant | LUQ

Part of small and large intestines, appendix, right ovary, right Fallopian tube, right ureter

Right lower quadrant | RLQ

Part of small and large intestines, left ovary, left Fallopian tube, left ureter

Left lower quadrant | LLQ

Upper left region between the ribs

Left hypochondriac region

Region above the stomach

Epigastric

Upper right region beneath the ribs

Right hypochondriac

Left middle lateral region

Left lumbar

Region of the navel

Umbilical

Right middle lateral region

Right lumbar

Left lower lateral region

Left inguinal (iliac)

Lower middle region beneath the navel

Hypogastric

Right lower lateral region

Right inguinal (iliac)

Pertaining to the midline of the body or structure

Medial

Pertaining to a side

Lateral

Toward the head or upper portion of a structure

Superior (cephalad)

Away from the head, or toward the tail or lower part of a structure

Inferior (caudal)

Nearer to the center (trunk of the body) or to the point of attachment to the body

Proximal

Further from the center (trunk of the body) or from the point of attachment to the body

Distal

Front of the body

Anterior (ventral)

Back of the body

Posterior (dorsal)

Pertaining to the outer wall of the body cavity

Parietal

Pertaining to the viscera, or internal organs, especially the abdominal organs

Visceral

Lying on the abdomen, face down

Prone

Lying horizontally on the back, face up

Supine

Turning inward or inside out

Inversion

Turing outward

Eversion

Pertaining to the palm of the hand

Palmar

Pertaining to the sole of the foot

Plantar

Toward the surface of the body (external)

Superficial

Away from the surface of the body (interal)

Deep

Specialist in study of cells

Cytologist

Study of tissues

Histology

Destruction of the nucleus

Karyolysis

Pertaining to the nucleus

Nuclear

Pertaining to the cranium

Cranial

Pertaining to the abdomen

Abdominal

Pertaining to the neck

Cervical

Pertaining to (the area) below the stomach

Hypogastric

Pertaining to the ilium

Ilial

Pertaining to the groin

Inguinal

Pertaining to the loins (lower back)

Lumbar

Instrument for measuring the pelvis

Pelvimeter

Pertaining to the pelvis

Pelvic

Pertaining to the spine

Spinal

Pertaining to the chest

Thoracic

Condition of whiteness

Albinism

White cell

Leukocyte

Green vision

Chloropia

Pertaining to different colors

Heterochromic

Abnormal yellowing

Cirrhosis

Yellowing

Jaundice

Yellow cell

Xanthocyte

Pertaining to blueness

Cyanotic

Red cell

Erythrocyte

Black tumor

Melanoma

Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord

Poliomyelitis

Abnormal conditioning in which the extremities are blue

Acrocyanosis

Study of the causes of disease

Etiology

Pertaining to an unknown (cause of) disease

Idiopathic

Study of form, shape, or structure

Morphology

Specialist in the study of disease

Pathologist

Specialist in the study of radiation

Radiologist

Pertaining to the body

Somatic

Process of recoding sound

Sonography

Pertaining to internal organs

Visceral

Abnormal condition of dryness

Xerosis

Origin of disease

Pathogenesis

Knowing before

Prognosis

Record of an artery

Arteriogram

Instrument for recording x-rays

Radiograph

Process of recording a joint

Arthrography

Specialist in the study of the skin

Dermatologist

Study of blood

Hematology

Instrument for measuring heat

Thermometer

Act of measuring the ventricles

Ventriculometry

Disease of the stomach

Gastropathy

Different form or shape

Heteromorphous

Formation of same (tissue)

Homeoplasia

Pertaining to (the area) below the ribs

Infracostal

Pertaining to (the area) around the heart

Pericardial

Pertaining to (a direction) across or through the abdomen

Transabdominal

Pertaining to beyond (audible) sound

Ultrasonic

Abnormal fibrous band that holds or binds together tissues that are normally separated

Adhesion

Substance analyzed or tested, generally by means of laboratory methods

Analyte

Substance injected into the body (via catheter or swallowed) to facilitate radiographic images of internal structures

Contrast medium

Bursting open of a wound, especially a surgical abdominal wound

Dehiscence

Feverish; pertaining to a fever

Febrile

Relative constancy or balance in the internal environment of the body, maintained by processes of feedback and adjustment in response to external or internal changes

Homeostasis

Body defense against injury, infection, or allergy that is marked by redness, swelling, heat, pain and, sometimes, loss of function

Inflammation

Diseased; pertaining to a disease

Morbid

Branch of medicine concerned with the use of radioactive substances for diagnosis, treatment, and research

Nuclear medicine

Medical specialty concerned with the use of electromagnetic radiation, ultrasound, and imaging techniques for diagnosis and treatment of disease and injury

Radiology

Radiological practice that employs fluoroscopy, CT, and ultrasound in non surgical treatment of various disorders

Interventional radiology

Use of ionizing radiation in the treatment of cancer

Therapeutic radiology

Substances that emit radiation spontaneously

Radionuclides

Radionuclide attached to a protein, sugar, or other substance used to visualize and organ or area of the body that will be scanned

Radiopharmaceutical

Term used to describe a computerized image by modality (such as CT, MRI, and nuclear imaging) or by structure (such as thyroid and bone)

Scan

Pathological state, usually febrile, resulting from the presence of microorganisms and their products in the bloodstream

Sepsis

Producing or associated with generation of pus

Suppurative

Visual examination of a body cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope

Endoscopy

Visual examination of the organs of the pelvis and abdomen through very small incisions in the abdominal wall

Laparoscopy

Examination of the lungs, pleura, and pleural space with a scope inserted through a small incision between the ribs

Thoracoscopy

Common blood test that enumerates RBCs, WBCs, and platelets; measures hemoglobin; estimates red cell volume; and sorts white blood cells into five subtypes with their percentages

Complete blood count | CBC

Common urine screening test that evaluates the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine

Urinalysis | UA

Imaging technique achieved by rotating an x ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles

Computed tomography | CT

Ultrasound technique used to detect and measure blood flow velocity and direction through the cardiac chambers, valves, and peripheral vessels by reflecting sound waves off moving blood cells

Doppler

Radiographic technique in which x rays are directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays continuous motion images of internal structures

Fluoroscopy

Noninvasive imaging technique that uses radiowaves and a strong magnetic field rather than an x ray beam to produce multiplanar cross sectional images

Magnetic resonance imaging | MRI

Diagnostic technique that uses a radioactive material called a tracer that is introduced into the body and a specialized camera to produce images of organs and structures

Nuclear scan

Scanning technique using computed tomography to record the positrons emitted from a radiopharmaceutical, that produces a cross sectional image of metabolic activity in body tissues to determine the presence of disease

Positron emission tomography | PET

Imaging technique that uses x rays passed through the body or area and captured on a film

Radiography

Radiological technique that integrates computed tomography (CT) and a radioactive material (tracer) injected into the bloodstream to visualize blood flow to tissues and organs

Single photon emission computed tomography | SPECT

Radiographic technique that produces an image representing a detailed cross section, or slice, of an area, tissue, or organ at a predetermined depth

Tomography

Imaging procedure using high-frequency sound waves that display related "echoes" on a monitor

Ultrasonography | US

Representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis

Biopsy

Ultra thin slice of tissue cut from a frozen specimen for immediate pathological examination

Frozen section | FS

Removal of a small tissue sample for examination using a hollow needle, usually attached to a syringe

Needle biopsy

Removal of a small core of tissue using a hollow instrument

Punch

Removal of tissue using a surgical blade to shave elevated lesions

Shave

Removal of a part, pathway, or function by surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, freezing, or radio frequency (RF)

Ablation

Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another

Anastomosis

Destroy tissue by electricity, freezing, heat, or corrosive chemicals

Cauterize

Scraping of a body cavity with a spoon shaped instrument called a curette

Curettage

Incision made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a wound or cavity

Incision and drainage | (I&D)

Surgical technique employing a device that emits intense heat and power at close range to cut, burn, vaporize, or destroy tissues

Laser surgery

Surgical removal of tissue in an extensive area surrounding the surgical site in attempt to excise all tissue that may be malignant and decrease the chance of recurrence

Radical dissection

Partial excision of a bone, organ, or other structure

Resection

Anterior*

ant

Anteroposterior*

Biopsy*

Bx, bx

Complete blood count*

CBC

Computed tomography*

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DNA

Digital subtraction angiography

DSA

Diagnosis*

Frozen section*

Incision and drainage*

I&D

Lateral*

LAT, lat

Posterior*

post

Rheumatoid factor; radio frequency*

Sonogram*

sono

Symptom*

Treatment*

Upper and lower*

U&L, U/L

Difficult digestion

Dyspepsia