Chapter 17 - Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
(145 cards)
1
Q
appendicular
A
an appendage; limbs
2
Q
axis (n.) (axial [adj.])
A
a line that passes through the center of the body traversing skull, thorax, and vertebral column
3
Q
ethmoid
A
the light and spongy bone at the base of the cranium; the upper nasal bone between the eyes
4
Q
frontal
A
forehead
5
Q
mandible
A
large bone constituting the lower jaw
6
Q
maxilla
A
one of a pair of large bones forming the upper jaw
7
Q
occipital
A
the cuplike bone at the back of the skull
8
Q
parietal
A
bone of the skull (top of the head)
9
Q
sphenoid
A
bone at the base of the skull, anterior to the temporal bones
10
Q
temporal
A
large bones forming part of the temples
11
Q
turbinate
A
cone-shaped nasal bone
12
Q
clavicle
A
a long, curved, horizontal bone just above the first rib (collar bone)
13
Q
femur
A
the thigh bone, extending form the pelvis to the knee
14
Q
fibula and tibia
A
the fibula is the smallest of the bones of the leg; the tibia is the second longest bone of the skeleton, located at the medial side of the leg
15
Q
humerus
A
the upper-arm bone, consisting of a body, a head, and the condyle
16
Q
radius and ulna
A
the radius is the larger of the two bones of the forearm; the ulna is the bone on the medial or little-finger side of the forearm, lying parallel with the radius
17
Q
scapula
A
shoulder blade
18
Q
sternum
A
the elongated, flattened bone forming the middle portion of the thorax (breastbone)
19
Q
vertebral column
A
the flexible structure that forms the longitudinal axis (backbone) of the skeleton; it consists of 26 separate vertebrae arranged in a straight line from the base of the skull to the coccyx (tailbone)
20
Q
hyoid
A
point of attachment for muscles of head and throat
21
Q
lachrymal
A
two bones that house the tear ducts
22
Q
mandible
A
large bone constituting the lower jaw
23
Q
maxilla
A
one of a pair of large bones forming the upper jaw
24
Q
nasal
A
two bones that shape the nose
25
occipital
the cuplike bone at the back of the skull
26
palatine
forms the hard palate (roof of the mouth)
27
parietal
parietal bone of the skull (top of the head)
28
sphenoid
bone at the base of the skull, anterior to the temporal bones
29
temporal
large bones forming part of the temples
30
turbinate
cone-shaped nasal bone
31
vomer
lower part of the nasal septum
32
zygomatic
two bones, one on each side of the face, which form the high part of the cheek bones and outer eye socket
33
ball and socket
a joint in which the globular head of an articulating bone is received into a cuplike cavity, e.g., the hip and shoulder
34
hinge
hinge joint, e.g., elbow, knees, and fingers
35
intervertebral
the fibrous substance between the disks of the spinal vertebrae
36
aponeurosis
a flattened tendon, connecting a muscle with the parts it moves
37
bursa (pl., bursae)
a fluid-filled sac located in tissues to reduce friction
38
fascia (pl., fasciae)
a sheet of fibrous tissue holding muscle fibers together
39
interphalangeal
between two contiguous joints and phalanges, e.g., between the fingers and toes
40
lamina (pl., laminae)
the flattened part of the vertebral arch (thinnest part of a vertebra)
41
ligament
a band of fibrous tissue connecting bones or cartilages
42
meniscus (pl., menisci)
a crescent-shaped fibrocartilage in the knee joint
43
sutures
lines of junction between the bones of the skull
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synovial fluid
the transparent, viscid fluid found in joint cavities, bursae, and tendon sheaths
45
tendon
a fibrous cord of connective tissue attaching the muscle to bone or cartilage
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theca
a case or sheath of a tendon
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acetabulum
the cup-shaped cavity (socket) receiving the head of the femur
48
foramen (pl., foramina)
holes in a bone for large vessels and nerves to pass through
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fossa (pl., fossae)
a hollow or depressed area
50
groove
a narrow, linear hollow or depression in bone
51
malleolus
a rounded process, such as the protuberance on either side of the ankle joint, at the lower end of the fibula or the tibia
52
olecranon
bony projection of the ulna at the elbow
53
prominence
protrusion or projection
54
sinus
one definition is a recess, cavity, or channel, such as one in bone
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tuberosity
an elevation or protuberance, especially of a bone
56
biceps brachii
muscle extending from scapula to radius. used to flex lower arm and turn palm of hand upward
57
buccinator
fleshy part of the cheek. used to smile, blow outward, and whistle
58
cardiac muscle
specialized muscle found in the walls of the heart. involuntary muscles, controlled by the ANS
59
deltoid
muscle covering the shoulder joint. extends from clavicle and scapula to humerus. extends the arm
60
gastrocnemius
main calf muscle. attaches to heel hone
61
gluteus maximus
fleshy part of the buttocks. extentds from ilium to femur. adducts and rotates thigh laterally
62
hamstring
muscle in posterior thigh used for flexing, as in kneeling, and for extension
63
latissimus dorsi
muscle extending from lower vertebrae to humerus. used for swinging the arms
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masseter
muscle at angle of jaw. used for biting and chewing
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orbicularis occuli
body of the eyelid, opens and close the eye, wrinkles forehead
66
orbicularis oris
muscle surrounding the mouth. closes and purses the lips
67
pectoralis major
large, fan-shaped muscle across front of the chest. adducts, flexes, and rotates the arms inward
68
quadriceps femoris
anterior thigh muscle. part of a five-muscle group that extends the thigh
69
skeletal muscles
also called striated (striped) or voluntary muscles. muscles attached to skeletal bones except for face, eyes, tongue, and throat. under concious control
70
smooth muscles
muscles found in the wall of the stomach, intestine, blood vessels, and respiratory tract. also called involuntary or visceral muscle (not under concious control)
71
sternomastoid
muscle extending from sternum to side of the neck. used for turning the head
72
temporal
muscle above the ear. used for opening and closing the jaw
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trapexius
triangular muscle extending from back of shoulder to clavical. used to raise shoulders
74
triceps bracii
muscle extending from scapula to ulna. responsible for adducting the elbow
75
flexion
bending
76
extension
the movement by which the two ends of any jointed part are drawn away from each other; straightening
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adduction
to draw toward the axial (median) line of a limb
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abduction
to draw away from the axial (median) line of a limb
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pronation
to prone position (palm down, face down)
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supination
palm or face upward
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proximal
nearest to a point of reference or origin
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distal
farthest from any point of reference or origin
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contracture
permanent contraction of a muscle
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muscle atrophy
wasting away of muscle from disuse
85
muscle hypertrophy
muscle enlargement from overuse
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muscle tone
normal degree of vigor and tension in a muscle; muscles partially contracted
87
paralysis
loss of muscular contraction because of nerve damage
88
paresis
slight or incomplete paralysis
89
fracture
the breaking of a bone; there are many types
90
skull fracture
a fracture of the bony structure of the head
91
torn ligament, tendon, or cartilage
a complete or partial tear of a ligament, tendon, or cartilage; common sports injuries
92
subluxation
partial dislocation
93
spondylolisthesis
forward displacement of a vertebra over a lower segment; a type of dislocation
94
arthritis
inflammation of a joint; there are 4 common types
95
burstitis
inflammation of a bursa
96
carpal tunnel syndrome
a common painful disorder of the wrist and hand, caused by pressure on the median nerve in the wrist
97
collagen disease
a group of diseases with widespread pathologic changes in connective tissue, e.g., lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis
98
gout
a hereditary form of arthritis caused by accumulation of uric acid crystals, especially in the great toe
99
herniated nucleus pulposus
a rupture of the fibrocartilage surrounding an intervertebral disk, releasing the nucleus pulposus that cushions the vertebrae above and below
100
kyphosis
humpback or hunchback; a spinal deformity
101
Legg-Calve'-Perthes disease
osteochondrosis of the head of the femur in children
102
lordosis
forward curvature of the lumbar spine; swayback
103
lupus erythematosus (LE)
see systemic lupus erythematosus
104
muscular dystrophy
genetic diseases with progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles
105
myasthenia gravis
lack of muscle strength
106
myositis
inflammation of a voluntary muscle
107
Osgood-Schlatter disease
inflammation of the tibial tubercle caused by chronic irritation and seen primarily in muscular, athletic adolescents; characterized by swelling and tenderness over the tibial tubercle that increases with exercise
108
osteochondritis
inflammation of the bone and cartilage
109
osteochondrosis
disease of the bone and cartilage
110
osteomalacia
softening of the bones resulting from vitamin D deficiency
111
osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone and marrow caused by bacterial invasion
112
osteoporosis
porous condition of the bones; occurs primarily in postmenopausal women
113
rheumatism
disorders marked by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement of the connective tissue structures, especially the joints and related structures, and attended by pain, stiffness, or limitation of motion
114
rickets
vitamin D deficiency, especially in infancy and childhood, marked by bending and distortion of the bones
115
sarcoma (osteogenic)
a malignant tumor of bone
116
scoliosis
lateral curvature of the spine
117
spina bifida
a congenital defect in the spine
118
spondylitis (ankylosing)
inflammation of the vertebrae, commonly progressing to eventual fusion of the involved joints
119
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
a chronic inflammatory disease affecting many systems of the body
120
tendinitis
inflammation of a tendon
121
amputation
removal of a limb or other appendage of the body
122
arthrocentesis
puncture of a joint cavity to remove fluid
123
arthroscopy
examination of the interior of a joint with an endoscope
124
arthrotomy
surgical creation of an opening into a joint, such as for drainage
125
electrical stimulation
a process used to heal fractures more quickly
126
electromyogram (electromyography)
the film record made and the study of muscular contraction
127
external fixation
the process of making a bone immovable
128
fracture reduction
the correction of a fracture, luxation, or hernia
129
laminectomy with disectomy
excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra;excision of a intervertebral disk
130
meniscectomy
excision of a meniscus, e.g., of the knee joint
131
myelogram
the film produced by radiography of the spinal cord after injection of a dye into the spinal cavity
132
myogram
a record produced by myography; same as electromyogram
133
replantation
the insertion of an organ or tissue in a new site in the body
134
spondylosyndesis
surgical creation of ankylosis between contiguous vertebrae; spinal fusion
135
total hip replacement
replacement of the hip joint with an artificial ball and socket joint, performed to relieve a chronically painful and stiff hip caused by certain clinical disorders
136
traction
the act of drawing or pulling
137
ANA
antinuclear antibodies; a laboratory serum test; ANA is associated with many diseases
138
ASO
antistreptolysin O
139
CRP
C-reactive protein
140
DJD
degenerative joint disorder
141
ORIF
open reduction internal fixation; reduction of a fracture after inclusion into the fracture site
142
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
143
RA factor
rheumatoid arthritis factor
144
SLE (LE)
systemic lupus erythematosus; lupus erythematosus
145
SR (ESR)
sedimentation rate; erythrocyte sedimentation rate
