Chapter 18 - Eyes and Ears Flashcards
(141 cards)
1
Q
scerla
A
tough white outer coat of the eyeball
2
Q
conjunctiva
A
membrane lining the eyelids and covering the eyeball
3
Q
cornea
A
transparent anterior part of the eye
4
Q
choroid
A
the middle, vascular coat of the eye, between the sclera and the retina
5
Q
iris
A
pigmented membrane behind the cornea, perforated by the pupil
6
Q
pupil
A
opening in the center through which light enters the eye
7
Q
lens
A
transparent body separating the posterior chamber and constituting the refracting mechanism of the eye
8
Q
ciliary muscle
A
eye muscle capable of changing lens shape during contraction and relaxation
9
Q
aqueous humor
A
watery liquid in chamber in the front of the lends; it circulates through the anterior chamber of the eye
10
Q
vitreous humor
A
jellylike transparent substance in the posterior chamber
11
Q
retina
A
innermost layer of the eyeball, containing elements for reception and transmission of visual stimuli
12
Q
amblyopia
A
dimness of vision without a detectable organic lesion of the eye; related to absence, weakness, or paralysis of an eye muscle
13
Q
astigmatism
A
condition characterized by irregular cornea and lens of the eye; corrected with lenses
14
Q
blepharitis
A
inflammation of the eyelids
15
Q
blepharoptosis
A
drooping of upper eyelid
16
Q
cataract
A
opaque (not clear) lens of the eye
17
Q
chalazion
A
a small eyelid mass resulting from chronic inflammation of meibomian gland
18
Q
color blindness
A
popular term for any deviation from normal perception of color
19
Q
conjunctivitis
A
inflammation of the conjunctiva
20
Q
corneal ulcer
A
a local inflammation of the cornea caused by injury or inflammation
21
Q
dacryoadenitis
A
inflammation of a lacrimal gland
22
Q
dacryocystitis
A
inflammation of the lacrimal gland
23
Q
dacryolith
A
a lacrimal calculus (stone)
24
Q
detached retina
A
separation of the inner layers of the retina from the pigment epithelium
25
diabetic retinopathy
scarring of the capillaries of the retina as a consequence of DM of long duration. retinal effects of DM include abnormal dilation of the retinal veins, hemorrhage, microaneurysms, and neocascularization (new blood vessels forming near the optic disk causing leakage of blood). these effects cause a permanent decline in vision and will lead to blindness. diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness in the US
26
floaters (in vitreous)
"spots before the eyes"; these deposits in the vitreous of the eye usually move about and are probably a benign degenerative charge. also seen in hypertension
27
foreign body in the eye
any object not belonging to the eye; hazards depending on circumstances
28
glaucoma
eye disease characterized by an increase in intraocular pressure related to alterations in circulation of vitreous humor, causing pathologic changes and visual defects
29
hemorrhage (subconjunctival)
blood escaping from the vessels, and bleeding from beneath the conjunctiva
30
herpes zoster (ophthalmic)
involving the fifth cranial nerve (forehead, eyelid, and cornea), this infection by a herpes virus can be serious
31
hyperopia
farsightedness, e.g., the person cannot read a book
32
injury
eye injuries include foreign bodies, contusions, lacerations, burns, etc.
33
iritis
inflammation of the iris
34
keratoconus
conical protrusion of the central part of the cornea
35
macular degeneration
deterioration of the macula of the eye, resulting in a severe loss of central vision in the affected eye
36
meibomian cyst
a small localized swelling of the eyelid resulting from obstruction and retained secretion of the meibomian glands. a nonmalignant condition; often requires surgery for correction
37
nystagmus
involuntary rapid movement (horizontal, vertical, rotary, or mixed, i.e., of two types) of the eyeball
38
papilledema
edema of the optic disk
39
presbyopia`
diminution of accommodation of the lens of the eye caused by loss of elasticity, normally occurring with aging; farsightedness
40
ptosis
drooping of upper eyelid
41
retinitis
inflammation of the retina
42
retinoblastoma
a tumor arising from the retinal cells
43
retinopathy
any disease of the retina
44
strabismus
squint; deviation of the eye from normal; crossed eyes; usually correctable
45
stye (or hordeolum)
inflammation of the sebaceous glands of the eyelid
46
tranchoma
a contagious disease of the conjunctiva and cornea, producing photophobia, pain, and lacrimation; uncommon
47
uveitis
inflammation of the uvea (iris and blood vessels)
48
cataract extraction
a surgical excision of the lens of the eye. special lenses or glasses are prescribed
49
cryoextraction
application of extremely low temperatures for the removal of a cataractous lens
50
cryoretinopexy
fixation of a detached retina using extremely low temperature instead of the laser beam
51
dacryocystotomy
incision of the lacrimal sac and duct
52
enucleation
surgical removal of the eye
53
fundoscopy
examination and study of the fundus of the eye by means of an ophthalmoscope
54
gonioscopy
instrument for demonstrating ocular motility and rotation
55
iridectomy
excision of part of the iris
56
iridencleisis
excision of part of the iris in glaucoma
57
keratoplasty
plastic surgery of the cornea; corneal grafting
58
laster photocoagulation
using the laser beam to treat retinal detachment
59
pterygium surgery
growth of the conjunctiva: neovascularization that invades the cornea; it can be removed surgically
60
slit lamp
an instrument used in ophthalmology for examining the conjunctiva, lens, vitereous humor, iris, and cornea. a high-intensity beam of light is projected through a narrow slit and a cross-section of the illuminated part of the eye is examined through a magnifying lens
61
tonometer
instrument for measuring tension or pressure, especially intraocular pressure
62
tonometry
measurement of tension or pressure, e.g., intraocular pressure
63
trabeculectomy
excision of fibrous bands or connective tissue
64
vitrectomy
aspiration of vitreous fluid and replacement with saline solution
65
accommodation
adjustment of the eye for seeing objects at various distances
66
anisocoria
inequality in size of the pupils of the eyes
67
Braille
a system of printing for the blind consisting of raised dots and prints that can be read by touch
68
canal of Schlemm
opening though which aqueous humor must flow out or pressure in the eye increases resulting in glaucoma
69
canthus (pl., canthi)
the angle at either end of the fissure between the eyelids
70
CC
with correction (glasses or lenses)
71
cryoprobe
an instrument for applying extreme cold to tissue
72
cystitome
an instrument for opening the lens capsule
73
diopter
unit of measure for lenses
74
electronystagmography
recordings of eye movements to provide objective documentation of induced and spontaneous nystagmus
75
emmetropia
normal vision
76
eye bank
storage for donor organs
77
fundus
the back portion of the interior of the eyeball, visible through the pupil by use of the ophthaloscope
78
funduscope (or ophthalmoscope)
an instrument containing a perforated mirror and lenses used to examine the interior of the eye; also spelled "fundoscope"
79
guide dogs
trained dogs for the blind; also called seeing-eye dogs
80
lacrimation
secretion and discharge of tears
81
laser
a device that transfers light of various frequencies into an extremely intense, small beam of radiation. it is used as a tool in surgery, in diagnosis, and in physiologic studies
82
lensometer
device for obtaining eyeglass prescriptions
83
miotic (or myotic)
a drug that causes contraction of the pupil
84
mydriatic
a drug that dilates the pupil
85
OD
abbreviation for oculus dexter (right eye)
86
ophthalmoscope
instrument containing a perforated mirror and lenses, used to examine the interior of the eye; also called funduscope
87
OS
abbreviation for oculus sinister (left eye)
88
OU
abbraviation for oculus uterque (each eye) or oculus unitas (both eyes)
89
peripheral vision
vision at the outer edges when the eyes are looking straight ahead
90
PERRLA (or PERLA)
acronym for Pupils Equal, round, React to Light, Accommodation
91
refractive error
the determination of the refractive errors of the eye and their correction with glasses or lenses
92
SC
without correction (glasses or lenses)
93
Snellen eye chart
one of the several charts used in testing visual acuity. letters, numbers, or symbols are arranged on the cart in decreasing size from top to bottom
94
visual acuity (VA)
clarity or clearness of vision
95
20/20 vision
a person who can read what the average person can read at 20 feet has 20/20 vision
96
external ear
auricle (or pinna) or ear canal
97
middle ear
separated from the external ear by the tympanic membrane; consists of three bones: malleus, incus, and stapes
98
inner ear
the complex inner structures of the ear: vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea, composing the membranous labyrinth
99
tympanic membrane
the thing partition between the external acoustic meatus and the middle ear
100
tympanum
eardrum (middle ear)
101
cerumen
earwax
102
eustachian tube
a tube, lined with mucous membrane, that joins the nasopharynx and the tympanic cavity; accomplishes equalization of air pressure
103
acoustic neuroma
a benign tumor arising from the acoustic nerve in the brain. this tumor causes tinnitus, vertigo, and decreased hearing. small tumors may be surgically resected or removed by radiation therapy
104
cholesteatoma
a collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the middle ear. these cystlike masses are most often the result of chronic otitis media, but may also be a congenital defect. could lead to conductive hearing loss, occlusion of the middle ear, destruction of ossicles, and inner ear erosion. symptoms include weakness of facial muscles, drainage from the affected ear, vertigo, and earache.
105
conduction deafness
hearing loss that occurs when the conduction of sound waves through the external and middle ear to the inner ear is impaired
106
deafness
lacking the sense of hearing; hearing impairment
107
eustachian salpingitis
inflammation of the eustachian tubes
108
furunculosis
a skin infection affecting the ear canal
109
impacted cerumen
cerumen impacted firmly into the ear
110
larbyrinthitis
inflammation of the labyrinth (inner ear); otitis interna
111
mastoiditis
inflammation of the mastoid antrum and cells (of the temporal bone)
112
Meniere's disease
deafness, tinnitus, and dizziness; causes unknown
113
myringitis
inflammation of the tympanic membrane
114
otitis externa
inflammation of the external ear
115
otitis media
inflammation of the middle ear
116
otoscelerosis
akylosis of the stapes, resulting in conductive hearing loss
117
presbycusis
progressive hearing loss in some elderly persons
118
sensorineural deafness
also called nerve deafness, this type of hearing loss results from physical damage to the hair cells, the vesticulocochlear nerve, or the auditory cortex. this condition may occur because of again. explosions, extremely loud noises, such as from machinery or loud music, and some antibiotics can damage the hair cells in the organ of Corti, creating partial to complete deafness. other causes include brain tumors, strokes, infections trauma, vascular disorders, and degenerative diseases
119
fenestration
the surgical creation of a new opening in the labyrinth of the ear for restoration of hearing in otosclerosis
120
mastoidectomy
excision of the mastoid cells or the mastoid process
121
myringotomy
incision of the tympanic membrane; tympanotomy with placement of tubes to maintain drainage
122
otoplasty
plastic surgery of the ear (pinna)
123
stapedectomy
excision of the stapes
124
tympanoplasty
plastic surgery on the eardrum
125
tympanotomy
myringotomy; incision of the tympanic membrane
126
acoustic meatus
opening or passage in the ear
127
AD
auris dextra, right ear
128
AS
auris sinistra, left ear
129
AU
aures unitas (both ears) or auris uterque (each ear)
130
audiometer
a device for testing the hearing
131
audiometrist
person who performs hearing tests
132
auditory (or acoustic)
pertaining to the ear; sense of hearing
133
decibel
a unit of measure of the intensity of sound
134
hearing aid
a device used to increase the intensity of sound
135
hearing-ear dogs
dogs trained to respond to sounds and alert the hearing-impaired person
136
otoscope
an instrument used for inspecting the ear
137
otoscopy
examination of the ear by means of otoscope
138
sign language
communcation by means of manual signs and gestures
139
tinnitus
a noise (ringing) in the ears
140
tuning fork
a small metal instrument consisting of a stem and two prongs used to test hearing
141
vertigo
a sensation of rotation or dizziness
