Chapter 19

Question 1

3 layers of Arteries and Veins

Answer 1

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa

Question 2

2 types of Arteries

Answer 2

Elastic (Conducting) Arteries

Muscular (Distributing) Arteries and Arterioles

Question 3

Another name of elastic arteries

Answer 3

Conducting Arteries

Question 4

Another name for muscular arteries

Answer 4

Distributing arteries

Question 5

3 types of Capillaries

Answer 5

Continuous Capillaries
Fenestrated Capillaries
Sinusoidal Capillaries

Question 6

5 hormones that play a role in short term regulation of blood pressure

Answer 6

Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Angiotensin II
Atrial natriurectic peptide (ANP)
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Question 7

main factors influencing blood pressure

Answer 7

cardiac output
peripheral resistance
blood volume

Question 8

vital signs

Answer 8

pulse blood
blood pressure
Respiratory rate
body temperature

Question 9

what does hypertension cause?

Answer 9

heart failure
vascular disease
renal failure
stroke

Question 10

where are chemoreceptors located?

Answer 10

carotid sinus
aortic arch
large arteries of the neck

Question 11

structure of elastic or conducting arteries

Answer 11

thick walls and elastic fibers in all 3 layers

Question 12

structure of muscular or distributing arteries

Answer 12

few elastic fibbers but a thick tunica media with a high percentage of smooth muscle

Question 13

which type of capillary has tight junctions?

Answer 13

continuous capillaries

Question 14

which type of capillary allows large molecules and blood cells to pass through?

Answer 14

sinusoidal capillaries

Question 15

which capillaries contain pores?

Answer 15

fenestrated capillaries

Question 16

which capillaries are only found the liver, bone marrow, and spleen?

Answer 16

sinosoidal capillaries

Question 17

where is blood pressure the highest?

Answer 17

in the aorta

Question 18

the highest pressure found during ventricular systole/contraction

Answer 18

systolic pressure

Question 19

the lower pressure during the phase of ventricular relaxation/diastole

Answer 19

diastolic pressure

Question 20

how to find pulse pressure

Answer 20

subtract diastolic pressure from systolic pressure

Question 21

what is the unit used to measure blood pressure?

Answer 21

mm Hg

Question 22

the pressure that pushes the blood along through the system

Answer 22

mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Question 23

blood vessel that distributes blood to organs

Answer 23

arteries

Question 24

Which artery wall is responsible for vasoconstruction?

Answer 24

tunica media

Question 25

layer of the artery that is composed mainly of elastic and collagen fibers.

Answer 25

tunica externa

Question 26

When an artery or arteriole is damaged, its smooth muscle contracts producing

Answer 26

a vascular spasm

Question 27

which type of artery functions as a pressure reservoir?

Answer 27

Elastic arteries

Question 28

After birth when the umbilical cord is cut what do the umbilical arteries fill with?

Answer 28

Connective tissue

Question 29

the muscular layer of blood vessels

Answer 29

tunica media

Question 30

what do venules unite to form?

Answer 30

veins

Question 31

blood vessels that are able to constrict

Answer 31

arterioles

Question 32

which vessels serve as a blood reservoir

Answer 32

veins

Question 33

how is blood pressure written?

Answer 33

systolic pressure/ diastolic pressure

Question 34

This part of the nervous system is responsible for vasomotor tone

Answer 34

Sympathetic

Question 35

what do baroreceptor in arteries respond to?

Answer 35

an increase in blood pressure

Question 36

what is the effect if Angiotensin II?

Answer 36

increases blood pressure by constricting blood vessels

Question 37

ANP

Answer 37

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 38

ADH

Answer 38

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 39

effect of ADH

Answer 39

intense vasoconstriction in cases of extremely low blood pressure

Question 40

effect of ANP

Answer 40

causes blood pressure to decline

Question 41

effect of epinephrine and norepinephrine

Answer 41

increase the cardiac output by increasing heart rate and stroke volume

Question 42

what performs long term regulation of blood pressure

Answer 42

the kidneys

Question 43

healthy systolic BP

Answer 43

100-140mm Hg

Question 44

healthy diastolic BP

Answer 44

70-90mm Hg

Question 45

a sudden drop in BP when standing or sitting

Answer 45

orthostatic hypotension

Question 46

how do the kidneys lower blood volume?

Answer 46

by producing urine

Question 47

the two major factors that aid in the returning bloodflow

Answer 47

the respiratory pump and the muscular pump

Question 48

how respiratory pump works

Answer 48

every time we breathe in, the pressure inside the thorax decreases which leads to blood being sucked upwards from the abdominal cavity

Question 49

how muscular pump works

Answer 49

contraction of skeletal muscles pushes blood toward the heart because veins have valves

Question 50

what effect does Aldosterone have?

Answer 50

increases blood volume by increasing absorption of sodium

Question 51

what are short-term controls of blood pressure

Answer 51

neural and hormonal controls

Question 52

the pressure that pushes blood along through the system

Answer 52

mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Question 53

how to calculate MAP

Answer 53

diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure