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Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

total body water content of infants

A

75%

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2
Q

total body water content of adults

A

55%

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3
Q

average Percent body water content in elderly

A

45%

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4
Q

what does an increase in the ECF solute content cause water to do?

A

move out of the cell

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5
Q

The hallmark symptom of hypotonic hydration

A

hyponatremia

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6
Q

Which electrolyte is never secreted into the filtrate?

A

Sodium

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7
Q

where is milk stored?

A

lactiferous sinus

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8
Q

the outer capsule that surrounds the ovulated oocyte

A

corona radiata

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9
Q

chronological order of a growing fertilized egg

A

Zygote, morula, blastocyst

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10
Q

types of granulocytes

A

eosinophils
basophils
neutrophils

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11
Q

The protein backbone of a blood clot

A

fibrin

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12
Q

Which enzyme converts fibrinogen into fibrin?

A

Thrombin

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13
Q

These structures prevent prolapse of the atrioventricular valves

A

Chordae tendineae

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14
Q

Deoxygenated blood from the myocardium enters the right atrium through the:

A

coronary sinus

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15
Q

The process in which antibodies coat foreign proteins

A

opsonization

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16
Q

The ability of antibodies to block specific sites on pathogens so that they cannot bind to cell receptors

A

neutralization

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17
Q

This cell is responsible for tissue graft rejection.

A

Cytotoxic T cell

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18
Q

The cells involved in cell-mediated immunity

A

lymphocytes

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19
Q

The cells involved in cell-mediated immunity

A

lymphocytes

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20
Q

The inflation reflex depends upon stimulation of which type of receptor?

A

Mechanoreceptors

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21
Q

Micelles are formed during the absorption of which nutrient?

A

Fatty acids

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22
Q

what layer of the glomerular capsule is part of the filtration membran?

A

the visceral layer

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23
Q

When glucose spills over into the urine it has:

A

exceeded its transport maximum

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24
Q

The main intracellular electrolyte

A

potassium

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25
The area of the brain that plays a major role in water and electrolyte balance
hypothalamus
26
The driving force of water intake is
thirst.
27
Which solute plays the biggest role in water reabsorption?
Sodium ions
28
Aldosterone targets which part of the nephron?
Distal convoluted tubule
29
The only electrolyte that exerts significant osmotic pressure
sodium ion.
30
Hydrogen ions are secreted into the filtrate mainly by the:
proximal convoluted tubule.
31
The most important urine buffer
phosphate
32
Which ion is reabsorbed when hydrogen ions are secreted?
Sodium
33
what does parathormone enhance the reabsorption of ?
calcium ions
34
which condition can Hypoproteinemia lead to?
edema.
35
Amphoteric molecules are molecules that can:
act as either an acid or a base
36
Hyperventilation leads to:
. respiratory alkalosis.
37
Which portion of the penis contains the urethra?
Corpus spongiosum
38
Where in the body are sperm stored?
Epididymis
39
which hormones do spermatogenesis require?
LH FSH testosterone
40
Where are fimbriae found?
Uterine tubes
41
what anchors the uterus to the anterior body wall?
round ligament
42
Immediately after ovulation, estrogen and progesterone are secreted by the
corpus luteum
43
during what part of the cardiac cycle is the tricuspid valve open?
ventricular filling
44
where can u hear the tricuspid valve?
fifth intercoastal space the right of the sternum
45
best point to listen for the mitral valve
fifth intercoastal space to the left of the sternum
46
best point to listen for the pulmonary valve
second intercoastal space to the left of the sternum
47
best point to listen for the aortic valve
second intercoastal space to the right of the sternum
48
term for a valve when it doesn't open properly
stenosis
49
what does aldosterone stimulate reabsorption of?
sodium
50
what does aldosterone stimulate secretion of?
potassium
51
when does ADH secretion increase?
when plasma osmolality is low
52
what stimulates the release of aldosterone?
Angiotensin II
53
what do macula densa cells cause when NaCl concentration in the filtrate is high?
constriction of the afferent arteroile and a reduction in GFR
54
What range of MAP allows renal autoregulation to maintain a nearly constant GFR
80-180
55
days 1-5 of the menstrual cycle
the menstrual phase
56
cells that secrete testosterone
leydig cells
57
secretions of which gland serve as a lubricant during sexual intercourse
bulbourethral gland
58
what does ANP promote?
sodium excretion
59
Where are fimbriae found?
Uterine tubes
60
When in the uterine cycle are progesterone levels the highest?
During the secretory phase
61
Cryptorchidism is a condition where
testes fail to descend
62
normal pH of urine
4.5-8
63
where are Nutrients in the filtrate reabsorbed?
proximal convoluted tubule
64
The pocket-like sacs of the large intestine
haustra
65
This substance secreted by the pancreas helps neutralize chyme.
Bicarbonate
66
Most of the digestive enzymes found in the small intestine are secreted by this accessory organ
Pancreas
67
The first antibody class to be released into the bloodstream during an immune response
IgM
68
The unresponsiveness of our lymphocytes to our own body cells
self-tolerance
69
The lymphoid organ that does not directly fight antigens
thymus
70
Isolated areas of lymphoid follicles found in the intestinal mucosa
Peyer’s patches
71
what hormone increases during the follicular phase?
FSH
72
where is fat digested?
small intestine
73
during which ovarian phase is there a decrease in FSH and LH?
the luteal phase
74
what stimulates that pancreas to release bicarbonate?
secretin
75
what is tidal volume
regular breathing amount
76
at what temp is sperm produced?
92.6
77
how to find pulse pressure
difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
78
which cells form the blood testis barrier
sertoli cells
79
found in tears and sweat
IgA
80
where does inhibin target?
the anterior pituitary gland
81
days of the menstrual cycle when the proliferate phase occurs
6-14
82
another name for the secretory phase
postovulatory
83
phase of the menstrual cycle when the glands enlarge and spiral arteries increase in number
proliferate phase
84
another name for the proliferate phase of the menstrual cycle
preovulatory
85
phase of the ovarian cycle when granulosa cells and internal thecal cells form corpus luteum
ovulation
86
phase of the ovarian cycle when the primary follicle is activated
follicular

A&P2 (19 decks)

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