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A&P2 > Chapter 20 > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Flashcards

1
Q

term for the flow of blood through a tissue or an organ

A

perfusion

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2
Q

where is blood flow the slowest?

A

capillaries

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3
Q

where is blood flow the fastest?

A

aorta

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4
Q

the formation of more blood vessles

A

angiogenesis

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5
Q

the major local factor causing dilation of arterioles

A

Nitric oxide (NO)

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6
Q

vasodilation

A

the dilation and relaxation of blood pressure

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7
Q

circulatory shock

A

Any condition in which blood vessels are inadequately filled and blood cannot circulate normally

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8
Q

Hypovolemic shock

A

results from large-scale blood loss

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9
Q

Vascular shock

A

results from extreme vasodilation and decreased peripheral resistance

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10
Q

Cardiogenic shock

A

results when an inefficient heart cannot sustain adequate circulation

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11
Q

what does long term autoregulation of tissue perfusion depend on?

A

angiogenesis

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12
Q

how much can muscle blood flow increase by during physical activity?

A

10x

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13
Q

what can a MAP in the brain below 60 mm Hg cause?

A

syncope

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14
Q

what is syncope?

A

fainting

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15
Q

what can a MAP in the brain above 160 cause?

A

edema

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16
Q

what goes on in the heart during ventricular systole?

A

Coronary vessels are compressed
Myocardial blood flow ceases
Stored myoglobin supplies sufficient oxygen

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17
Q

what happens to the left over fluid that is not returned to the capillary?

A

it will be drained by the lymphatic system

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18
Q

5 parts of the Aorta

A 
Ascending Aorta
Aortic Arch
Descending Aorta 
Abdominal Aorta
Celiac Trunk
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19
Q

largest artery of the body

A

aorta

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20
Q

what supplies 80% of the brains blood

A

the internal carotids

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21
Q

5 main veins of the forearm

A 
Radial
Ulnar
Basilic
Cephalic
Median Antebrachial
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22
Q

3 veins of the upper arm

A

Basilic
Brachial
Cephalic

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23
Q

2 deep veins of the lower leg

A

Anterior Tibial Vein

Posterior Tibial Vein

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24
Q

2 superficial veins of the lower leg

A

Small saphenous vein

Great saphenous vein

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25
what do the internal and external iliac veins unite to form?
Common iliac Vein
26
2 types of short-term auto regulation of tissue perfusion
metabolic control | myogenic control
27
how does metabolic control work?
by making changes to the chemical environment
28
how does myogenic control work?
by making changes in muscles tone of the arterioles
29
The Frank Starling Law
The greater the stretch of the cardiac muscle cell, the greater the force of contraction.
30
why is blood flow through capillaries slow?
because of low pressure gradient along the blood vessel
31
why is blood flow through capillaries intermittent?
because opening and closing of precapillary sphincters
32
What type of substance diffuses directly through endothelium membranes?
Lipid-soluble
33
What type of substance passes through clefts and fenestrations between cells?
Water-soluble
34
The majority of water and ions move in and out of the capillaries via...?
bulk flow
35
What are the main forces that determine the direction and amount of flow through capillaries?
hydrostatic pressure and colloid osmotic pressure
36
2 types of hydrostatic pressures
Capillary hydrostatic pressure and hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid
37
What is another name for capillary colloid osmotic pressure?
Oncotic pressure
38
What is capillary colloid osmotic pressure caused by?
Plasma proteins that draw back water into the vessel
39
What is a late sign of circulatory shock?
Acute hypotension
40
What are the three branches of the aortic arch?
- Brachiocephalic trunk - left common carotid artery - left subclavian artery
41
the first and shortest part of the Aorta
ascending aorta
42
What are the two branches of the ascending aorta?
Right and left coronary arteries
43
longest part of the aorta
descending aorta
44
What runs downward along the vertebral column before entering the abdominal cavity?
Thoracic aorta
45
What part of the descending aorta is below the diaphragm?
Abdominal aorta
46
What are the branches of the celiac trunk?
Common hepatic artery Splenic artery Left gastric artery
47
What does the abdominal aorta support?
Small and large intestines, adrenal glands, kidneys, gonads
48
What arteries supply the orbits and 80% of the brain?
Internal carotid arteries
49
where does the thoracic aorta run?
downward along the vertebral column before entering the abdominal
50
Once the femoral artery has passed through the adductor hiatus into the popliteal fossa it is called what?
Popliteal artery
51
What does the popliteal artery branch into?
Anterior tibial artery and posterior tibial artery
52
What artery supplies the lower limbs?
External iliac artery
53
All blood from areas below the diaphragm are carried back by the...
inferior vena cava
54
All blood from the areas above the diaphragm is carried back by the...
superior vena cava
55
Most of the blood from the brain, head, and neck is drained by three veins:
internal jugular vein vertebral vein external jugular vein
56
which veins connect the deep and superficial veins?
perforating veins
57
how long is the ascending aorta?
2inches
58
where do most most veins of the brain drain into?
the dural venous sinuses, which in turn drain into the internal jugular veins
59
Blood from the abdominal and thoracic wall is drained by two veins:
azygos vein and hemiazygos vein
60
The largest factor that promotes re-absorption of fluids, into blood, from the interstitial fluids
blood osmotic pressure
61
the most important capillary exchange method
bulk flow
62
3 branches of the abdominal aorta
celia trunk superior mesenteric artery inferior mesenteric artery
63
which vein drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins, then empties that blood into the axillary vein?
the brachial vein
64
why do substances tend to leave the bloodsteam at the arterial end of the capillary?
because blood pressure is higher at the arterial end of the capillary
65
common artery to take pulse of
radial artery
66
what does the internal iliac artery do?
supplies the pelvic structures
67
what does the external iliac arter do?
supplies the lower limbs
68
which vein drains the scalp?
external jugular vein
69
what does the subclavian vein do?
drains the upper extremities
70
major artery of the thigh
femoral artery
71
supplies liver, stomach, and spleen
celiac trunk
72
arteries that supply the intestines
superior and inferior mesenteric arteries

A&P2 (19 decks)

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