Chapter 20 Review Sheet

Question 1

Colony

Answer 1

Land controlled by another nation

Question 2

Conquistador

Answer 2

The Spanish soldiers, explorers, fortune tellers who conquered Americas in 16th century

Question 3

Mestizo

Answer 3

A person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry

Question 4

Encomienda

Answer 4

A grant of land made by Spanish to American settlers, included right to use Native Americans for forced labor

Question 5

New France

Answer 5

French colony in North America. Lots of resources (timber/fur) available for trade

Question 6

Pilgrims

Answer 6

Founded Plymouth in MA to escape religious persecution in 1620.

Question 7

Puritans

Answer 7

sought freedom from religious persecution in England by founding colony in MA Bay in early 1600’s

Question 8

Atlantic Slave Trade

Answer 8

Buying, transporting, selling of Africans for work in Americas

Question 9

Triangular Trade

Answer 9

Slaves and goods like rum and sugar were traded between Africa, Europe, Americas, England and West Indies.

Question 10

Middle Passage

Answer 10

Voyage that brought Africans to West Indies and Americas for slaves. Unbearable conditions

Question 11

Colombian Exchange

Answer 11

Global transfer of plants, animals and diseases that occurred during the European colonization of Americas

Question 12

Capitalism

Answer 12

Based on private property, ownership, and profit

Question 13

Joint-stock Company

Answer 13

a business where investors pool their wealth to grow the business and the share the profit. They also share the risks.

Question 14

Mercantilism

Answer 14

National wealth = power = government. Sell goods back to the colony for more money even though the government used the colonies resources to make the goods.

Question 15

Favorable Balance of Trade

Answer 15

Export / sell more than you import / buy

Question 16

Christopher Columbus

Answer 16

Genease sea captain, searched for alternate route to Asia. Found Carribean

Question 17

Ferdinand Magellan

Answer 17

Tried to sail around the world in 1519. Got killed. Thought he was in East India

Question 18

Americo Vespucci

Answer 18

Italian. In service for Portugal. Traveled along the East coast of South America 1st to say that land was not Asia, but a new world named America after him.

Question 19

Pedro Alvares Cabral

Answer 19

1500 - claimed Brazil for Portugal

Question 20

Hernando Cortez

Answer 20

Conquistador. Landed in Mexico. Conquered Incas.

Question 21

Montezuma II

Answer 21

Ruler of the Aztec Impire

Question 22

Francisco Pizarro

Answer 22

conquered Incas

Question 23

Atahualpa

Answer 23

Ruler of the Incas. Executed during Pizarro’s conquest

Question 24

Jaques Cartier

Answer 24

French explorer, discovered St. Lawrence River and Montreal for the French

Question 25

Duke of York

Answer 25

Brother of Charles II --- Drove out the Dutch --- New York

Question 26

King James I

Answer 26

King of England, gave permission for puritans and pilgrims to establish the new world

Question 27

Metacom

Answer 27

aka King Phillip, war chief of the Riompanoag. Originally lived peacefully with the pilgrims eventually allowed himself to become subject of English in th1 1670's

Question 28

Henry Hudson

Answer 28

Sailed to the Americas for the Dutch

Question 29

Columbus and the beginnings of European exploration/colonization

Answer 29

Searching for a quicker route to the Caribbean. Inspired wave of exploration. Explorers set out and claimed land for King and Country.

Question 30

The "3 G's" of Exploration

Answer 30

Glory, Gold, God

Question 31

The age of discovery as a "spin off" of the Renaissance.

Answer 31

Secular / curiosity / Humanism

Question 32

The conquest of the Aztec Empire

Answer 32

Cortes vs Montezuma

Question 33

The conquest of the Incan Empire

Answer 33

Cortez vs Atahualpa

Question 34

The role of disease and technology in Spain's conquest in the Americas

Answer 34

disease killed 96% of the natives

Question 35

The "2nd wave" nations of exploration after the Spanish

Answer 35

English, French , and Dutch

Question 36

French motivations / claims in North America

Answer 36

Not to build towns; trading posts /furs

Question 37

Dutch motivations / claims in North America

Answer 37

Dutch West Indies Co. = expand trade

Question 38

English motivations / claims in North America

Answer 38

colonization; send profits back to England

Question 39

Importance of the French and Indian War / 7 Years War to North American claims.

Answer 39

England wins. Gain almost all of French's colony claims. Only Haiti remained French.

Question 40

Impact of disease on native populations and its contribution to the Slave Trade

Answer 40

needed labor

Question 41

Crops / resources that created demand for African slaves

Answer 41

tobacco / sugar / cotton

Question 42

Major European slaving nations (suppliers and buyers)

Answer 42

England = suppliers; Spain and Portugal = buyers

Question 43

The role of African tribes / leaders in the development of the Slave Trade

Answer 43

Many African rulers sold prisoners of war into slavery (Ashanti). Later some of the rulers protest the trade

Question 44

Triangular Trade (how it worked, what went where?)

Answer 44

transport manufactured goods to west coast of Africa --captured Africans -- transported across the atlantic -- sold in West Indies -- goods to Europe. Also New England -- Africa.

Question 45

The Middle passage (destinations, conditions)

Answer 45

Voyage that brought Africans to The West Indies and the Americas. The conditions were cruel and unbearable as many as 20% of Africans died on the journey.

Question 46

Impact of the slave Trade on Africa and the Americans

Answer 46

The African slave trade was a massive factor in the building of the Americas and the decline of Africa.

Question 47

The Columbian Exchange (products from Americas, impacts on the World)

Answer 47

global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas

Question 48

The "reverse flow" of products to the Americas and their effects

Answer 48

wheat, horses, cattle, and sheep

Question 49

The development of Capitalism and Mercantilism as new economic systems

Answer 49

as wealth from the Americas grew, the way business was dide (trade) changed thru Europe. People started owning private property and making a profit. Increased demand raised prices.