Chapter 25 Review sheet

Question 1

Industrial Revolution

Answer 1

Mid-1700s. Output of machine made goods. It began in England.

Question 2

Enclosures

Answer 2

Larger fields > productive seeding / harvesting methods improved

Question 3

Crop Rotation

Answer 3

three field system, build up nutrients

Question 4

Industrialization

Answer 4

Industrialization refers to the process of using machines in the production of goods.

Question 5

Factors of Production

Answer 5

Land, labor, and capital ($). Resources needed to produce goods & services.

Question 6

Factories

Answer 6

Buildings equipped with machines that are used for production

Question 7

Entrepreneur

Answer 7

An entrepreneur is a person who organizes, manages, and takes the risk of owning a business.

Question 8

Cottage Industry

Answer 8

Goods were made by hand in homes

Question 9

Urbanization

Answer 9

A time of rapid movement of people to the cities.

Question 10

Middle Class

Answer 10

Social class (Bourgeoisie) made up of skilled workers.

Question 11

Stock

Answer 11

A right of ownership to a publicly owned corporation or business.

Question 12

Corporation

Answer 12

A business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts.

Question 13

Laissez-Faire

Answer 13

An economic policy (theory) stressing an unregulated free market. “Let Do” “Let people do as they please.”
ADAM SMITH

Question 14

Capitalism

Answer 14

Factors of production, privately owned

Question 15

Socialism

Answer 15

Factors of production are operated for the good of all

Question 16

Utilitarianism

Answer 16

Usefulness; good for the greatest number of people.

Question 17

Communism

Answer 17

Government controls everything

Question 18

Union

Answer 18

Association of workers formed to improve working conditions / pay.

Question 19

Strike

Answer 19

A refuse to work until demands are met

Question 20

John Kay

Answer 20

1733 - flying shuttle

Question 21

James Hargreaves

Answer 21

1764 - spinning wheel / jenny

Question 22

Richard Arkwright

Answer 22

1769 - Water frame

Question 23

Samuel Crompton

Answer 23

1779 - Spinning Mule, which combined the Spinning Jenny and the Water Frame. Stronger thread

Question 24

Edmund Cartwright

Answer 24

1787 - power loom which was run by water and did the fastest weaving of it’s time.

Question 25

Elizabeth Gaskell

Answer 25

(1810-1865) Gaskell wrote "Mary Barton" - sympathized with the working class

Question 26

Elizabeth Bentley

Answer 26

1832 Testified before the British Parliament - deformed at 23 years old

Question 27

John D. Rockefeller

Answer 27

Founded Standard Oil

Question 28

Andrew Carnegie

Answer 28

Founded Carnegie Steel

Question 29

Adam Smith

Answer 29

Wealth of Nations - law of self interest - law of competition - law of supply and demand

Question 30

John Stuart Mill

Answer 30

questioned unregulated capitalism

Question 31

Robert Owen

Answer 31

British factory owner, improved working conditions

Question 32

Karl Marx

Answer 32

Wrote "The Communist Manifesto". (father of socialism)

Question 33

Cottage Industry vs. Machine Driven Industry

Answer 33

Cottage Industries were run out of an individuals home. | Machine Driven Industries were run out of a factory.

Question 34

Improvements in agriculture that led to the Industrial Revolution.

Answer 34

Agricultural improvements that led to the Industrial Revolution were: +++ Enclosures (fenced in farm land) +++ Crop Rotation +++ Better livestock breeding

Question 35

Reasons why the Industrial Revolution began in Britain.

Answer 35

Britain was a perfect place for the Industrial Revolution to begin. Britain had these things: +++ Water (rivers) and Coal to power new machines. +++ Iron ore for manufacturing tools & machines. +++ Rivers for transporting goods across the country. +++ Harbors for sailing merchant ships to enter and leave from.

Question 36

Cycle of invention: the textile industry.

Answer 36

more raw materials - more workers - more products - more wages - need for more products

Question 37

Steam: revolutionizing transportation

Answer 37

Steam made these things possible: +++ transporting materials & finished product +++ transporting fish & farm products +++ travel for people for jobs (like miners) +++ new jobs for people to build railroads

Question 38

"Mixed Blessing" of the Industrial Revolution

Answer 38

positives negatives - free public schools -water/air pollution - extra money to spend -waste/sewage - child labor outlawed -land torn up

Question 39

Working & Living conditions for industrial laborers.

Answer 39

- breathe in cotton dust -houses with broken - unsafe machinery windows patched w/rags - badly lit factories -2-3 families per house - no shoes -garbage emptied in streets - no schools

Question 40

Positive and Long-Term effects of the Industrial Revolution

Answer 40

positive long-term - healthier diets -affordable goods - better housing -living/working conditions - raised standard of living improved - provided hope/improvement -profits reduced tax revenue - standard of living

Question 41

Obstacles to industrial progress in continental Europe

Answer 41

Some of the obstacles to industrialization across continental Europe were: Germany - Political, economic barriers, France - Revolutions & Napoleonic Wars US - Civil War -halted trade / interrupted communication

Question 42

Spread of Industrialization across Continental Europe

Answer 42

Belgium = took ideas from Britain - favorable geography - financial systems - political stability - natural resources

Question 43

Adam Smith's 3 Laws of Capitalism

Answer 43

Adam Smith wrote the book "The Wealth of Nations". He said that there are 3 laws of capitalism which are: Law of Self - people work for own good Law of Competition - makes products better Law of Supply/Demand - goods produced will meet market demand at lowest possible price to meet demand

Question 44

Types of socialism: Utilitarianism, Utopian, & Socialism

Answer 44

``` Utilitarianism: -worth what you can do -equal division of profits Utopian: -perfect harmony Socialism: -no classes -all factories owned by government ```

Question 45

Major reforms of the Factory Acts

Answer 45

1833 - illegal to hire children under 9 years old - children 9-12 could not work more than 8 hr/day 1842 -women/children allowed to work underground. 1847 -women and children can work no more than 10 hrs/day.

Question 46

Effects of the Industrial Revolution on the Slave Trade and Women's Rights.

Answer 46

1833 -slavery end in British Empire 1865 -slavery ends in the US 1848 -women start pursuing social rights 1888 -International Council for Women