Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy > Chapter 27: Reproductive System > Flashcards

Chapter 27: Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of the reproductive system? (5)

A 
Produce some reproductive hormones
Produce gametes 
Facilitate fertilization
Provide nutrients and gestate fetus
Provide nutrients for newborn
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the functions of the male reproductive system? (3)

A

Produce & maintain gametes
Transport gametes into female for fertilization
Secrete sex hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

________ suspended by a spermatic cord within _______

A

testes, scrotum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what do the testes do?

A

Produce sperm
Produce male sex hormones
Androgens such as testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does testosterone stimulate in fetal development?

A

Stimulate formation of reproductive organs

Stimulate descent of testis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does testosterone stimulate and increase in puberty?

A

Stimulate development of secondary sex characteristics
Increase cellular metabolism
Increase production of RBC
Stimulate sexual activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the scrotum?

A

Pouch of skin inferior to perineum

Each testis occupies a scrotal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the tunica vaginalis?

A

Serous membrane surrounding each testis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does the cremaster muscle do?

A

Elevation of testes closer to body

Keeps them at lower temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does the Dartos muscle do?

A

wrinkling of scrotum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the spermatic cord and what does it contain?

A 
Vessels extend through the inguinal canal
Contains:
Ductus deferens
Gentiofemoral nerve
Differential artery
Testicular artery
Pampiniform veins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are lobules?

A

Compartments housing seminiferous tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

lobules are separated from one another by the _____________

A

tunica albuginea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

describe the histology of testes

A

slide 9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is spermatogenesis?
Where does it occur?
What occurs halfway through the process?
what does it result in?

A

The process where sperm cells are made:
Occurs in the seminiferous tubules
Meiosis occurs midway throughout this process
Results in haploid sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

describe Nurse Cells

A 
Stimulated by FSH and testosterone
support the growth of sperm
Maintain blood testes barrier
Produce the hormone inhibin
Represses FSH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the five stages of spermatogenesis?

A 
Spermatogonia
Primary spermatocyte
Secondary spermatocyte
Spermatid
Spermatozoa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

describe the structure of a sperm

A 
1.) Head
Acrosome
-Vesicular compartment containing enzymes to penetrate oocyte
2.) Neck
3.) Middlepiece
many mitochondria
4.) Tail
-flagella
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where is the epididymis located? what are the different parts?

A
  • Lies on posterior boarder of testes

- Has a Head Body and Tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the functions of the epididymis ?

A

Spermatozoa go from testes directly to epididymis
Recycles damaged spermatozoa
Stores spermatozoa and matures them (takes ~2 weeks)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

describe the ductus deferens

A 
A.k.a. Vas deferens
Moves out of scrotum and around bladder posterior
Enlarges at the base
-Ampulla
-Peristalsis may occur
Merges with the seminal vesicles 
Becomes ejaculatory duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

describe the seminal vesicles

A 
First of three glands that contribute to semen
Posterior to bladder
Secretion
-60% semen volume
-Fructose
-Prostoglandins
-Clotting factors
Causes sperm to become motile
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

describe the prostate gland

A 
Muscular, rounded organ, 4 cm diameter
Inferior to bladder
Surrounds urethra
Secretion
-Antibiotic 
-seminalplasmin
24
Q

what is Found in the urogenital diaphragm?

what does it secrete?

A

Bulbourethral

secretes thick, alkaline mucus

25
the penis is made up of 2 sets of erectile tissue. What are they?
Corpora cavernosa -two cylindrical masses with a central artery Corpus spongiosum -one mass that houses the urethra
26
Both tissues fill with _______ to achieve erection due to _____________________
blood; parasympathetic stimulation
27
what are the three parts of the penis? describe them
``` Root: -Corpora cavernosa that extends to the ischial rami Body: -Tubular -Consist of all erectile tissues Glans: -Enlarged, distal portion of corpus spongiosum -Covered by flap of skin -prepuce ```
28
in males the urethra has three parts. what are they? say where they run through
1. ) Prostatic urethra - Runs through prostate 2. ) Membranous urethra - Through urogenital diaphram 3. ) Spongy urethra - Through corpus spongiosum - Exits at external urethral orifice
29
what are the functions of the female reproductive system? (5)
- Produce & maintain sex cells - Transport sex cells to site of fertilization - Provide favorable environment for developing offspring - Move offspring to outside - Produce female sex hormones
30
what are the four ligaments in the female reproductive system? where are they located?
1. ) Broad ligament - encloses superior internal structures 2. ) Ovarian ligament - ovary to uretus 3. ) Suspensory ligament - ovary to pelvic wall 4. ) Uterosacral ligament - inferior uterus to sacrum
31
what are ovaries?
Paired organs at the lateral walls of pelvic cavity that house the gametes
32
ovaries receive blood from.....
ovarian arteries and veins
33
the ovaries are covered by what 2 things?
Germinal epithelium | Tunica albuginea
34
what are the four oogenesis? say when each happens
1. ) Oogonium - Develops before birth 2. ) Primary Oocyte - Develops before birth 3. ) Secondary Oocyte - Develops just before ovulation 4. ) Ovum - Occurs only during fertilization
35
describe the ovarian cycle and what occurs
slide 27-30
36
what are the three parts of the uterine tubes?
Infundibulum - Expanded end - Fimbriae (finger like projections) 2. ) Ampulla - Intermediate portion 3. ) Isthmus - Narrow section
37
what do the uterine tubes consist of?
-Consist of smooth muscle and ciliated epithelium;cilia beat when ovulation occurs
38
in the uterine tubes, the oocyte has a ______ long trip
3-4 day | **Fertilization must occur during the first half of this trip
39
describe the uterus (3)
-Small and pear shaped -Sits on top of the bladder -Most women have it anteflexed (20% have retroflexed)
40
what are the three major sections of the uterus?
1. ) Fundus 2. ) Body - uterine cavity 3. ) Cervix - Internal os - Cervical canal - External os
41
what are the three layers of the uterus? describe them
1. ) Perimetrium - Incomplete outer visceral peritoneum 2. ) Myometrium - Muscular layer - 1.5 cm thick 3. ) Endometrium - Glandular inner layer (functional layer and basilar layer) - Functional layer is shed and the basil layer survives during menses
42
The uterine cycle consists of 3 phases. What are they?
Menses Proliferative Secretory
43
describe the menses phase
- Caused by a drop in estrogen and progesterone due to the corpus albicans - Arteries constrict - Secretory tissues and glands begin to die - Functional layer is sloughed off
44
describe the proliferative phase
Caused by the production of estrogen by the follicle Basal epithelium multiplies Glands regrow Lasts until ovulation
45
describe the secretory phase
Caused by progesterone and estrogen released by the corpus luteum Endometrial glands enlarge Arterial elongation Peaks at 12 days after ovulation -Will persist with pregnancy -Will deteriorate when corpus albicans occurs
46
describe the vagina
- Stratified squamous epithelium, smooth muscle, elastic fibers - Rugae - cervix projects into the vaginal canal - Exits to the outside - Hymen : an epithelial fold that partially blocks the entrance
47
what are the functions of the vagina?
Passageway for the elimination of menstrual fluids Receive penis and hold spermatozoa Lower portion of the birth canal
48
what is the vulva?
The external genital area (female reproductive system)
49
what is the labia minora?
Smooth, hairless, skin flaps surrounding the vestibule, which contains the urethral opening and vaginal entrance
50
Erectile tissue surrounded by a prepuce in the female reproductive system is known as that what?
Clitoris
51
The outer vulva is made up by the _____________________
fleshy mons pubis and labia majora
52
describe the location of mammary glands
- Found within pectoral fat pads in the subcutaneous tissue | - Supported by suspensory ligaments
53
what do the lobes of the mammary glands produce? what does it move through? where is it stored?
Produce milk | Milk moves through lactiferous ducts and is stored in lactiferous sinuses
54
Milk exits through the______ that is surrounded by _______
nipple; areola
55
what hormones trigger milk production?
PRL, GH, and human placental lactogen (HPL) cause milk production Oxytocin stimulates smooth muscle contraction and ejection
56
describe the development of mammary glands in children and in puberty
Children: male & female are similar ``` Puberty: Male glands fail to develop Females develop due to ovarian hormones Alveolar glands & ducts enlarge Fat deposited ```
57
slide 48
LAST SLIDE EVER

Anatomy (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions