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Anatomy > Chapter 28: Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Chapter 28: Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

A
  1. ) Produce, maintain, and distribute lymphocytes
  2. ) Maintain normal blood and interstitial fluid volume
  3. ) Alternate route for the transport of materials
    - Nutrients
    - Hormones
    - Waste
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2
Q

lymphatic vessels transport fluid called ______ from tissues to the _______

A

lympth; venous system

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3
Q

lymphatic vessels can range in size… give some examples (4)

A

Small lymphatic capillaries
Medium lymphatic vessels
Large lymphatic trunks
Lymphatic ducts

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4
Q

lymphatic vessels are almost always found associated with _________

A

blood vessels

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5
Q

lymphatic vessels are found where?

absent where?

A

Found in most tissues

Absent in avascular tissue and the CNS

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6
Q

what is lymph?

A

Lymph is a fluid connective tissue

It occurs ONLY in the lymphatic vessels

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7
Q

what is lymph derived from?

A

Interstitial fluid of the tissues
Lymphocytes
Macrophages

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8
Q

Slide 6

A

:)

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9
Q

describe lymphatic capillaries (5)

A
  • Closed ended tubes
  • In interstitial spaces
  • Form networks
  • Single layer of squamous cells with incomplete basal lamina
  • fenestrated
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10
Q

How are lymphatic capillaries different from blood capillaries? (5)

A
  • Larger diameter
  • Thinner walls
  • Flat and irregular
  • Have anchoring filaments to keep the passage open
  • Overlapping endothelial cells
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11
Q

describe the formation of lymph

A

Interstitial fluid enters capillaries

  • Overlapping cells function as one way valves
  • Moves through fenestrations
  • Large things such as viruses and debris follow
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12
Q

describe medium lymphatic vessels

A 
Merging of lymph capillaries
Similar to veins
-Interna
-Media
-Adventitia
-Valves
Merge to form trunks
Travel with arteries of same size
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13
Q

__________ are named for the _______

examples?

A

Lymphatic Trunks, region they drain

Ex. Lumbar, Intestinal, Broncomediastinal, Subclavian, Jugular

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14
Q

____ drain into _______

A

Trunks; Ducts

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15
Q

what are the two lymphatic ducts?

A

thoracic and right lymphatic

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16
Q

What do lymphatic ducts do?

A

Deliver lymph to venous circulation at subclavians

  • Reintroduced to bloodstream
  • Becomes part of plasma and is circulated
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17
Q

where does the thoracic duct drain?

A

drains lower body, left arm, head & neck

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18
Q

describe the route of the thoracic duct

A

arises from cisterna chyli
through diaphragm
ascends in front of vertebral column
empties into left subclavian vein

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19
Q

where does the right lymphatic duct drain?

A

drains right side of head, neck & right arm

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20
Q

describe the route of the right lymphatic duct

A

starts in right thorax

To the right subclavian vein

21
Q

lymphatic ducts (Evenly/Unevenly) drain fluid from body

explain?

A

Unevenly;

Thoracic does the majority
It is much longer and drains the entire inferior half of the body

22
Q

describe the movement of lymph

A 
Contain valves
-Occur at bulges
-Prevent backflow
--Pressure is lower in lymphatics than in veins)
--Lymph is moved using similar methods to veins)
---Skeletal muscles
---Breathing
(slide 16)
23
Q

What is it called If drainage does not occur?

A

lymphedema

24
Q

Primary cells of the lymphoid system are called what?

A

lymphocytes

25
Lymphocytes allow for......
specific (or adaptive) immunity | -multi-faceted immune response to the detection of specific foreign antigens
26
when it comes the lymphocytes what are the three cells?
T cells B Cells NK Cells
27
describe NK cells (4)
- Natural killer (NK) cells - Derived directly from bone marrow - NON-specific immunity - Detect chemical signals other than specific antigens (like all the other leukocytes) and induce apoptosis
28
describe B cells (3)
- Originate and develop in the bone marrow (B-cells) - Stimulated by an antigen to produce antibodies - Can survive for years as memory cells, and become active once exposed to a similar antigen
29
describe T cells (4)
- Originate in the bone marrow but develop in the thymus (T-cells) - Attack cells with antigens indicating viral infection or detrimental mutations (cancer) - Induce apoptosis - Have memory cells similar to B-cells
30
what are lymphoid nodules?
Reticular connective tissue dominated by lymphocytes | **NOT organs
31
what is M.A.L.T
(Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue) | Digestive lymph nodules
32
where are tonsils positioned and what do they do?
- Positioned around the pharanx | - Remove pathogens that enter via air or food
33
what are the three types of tonsils? describe
1. ) Pharyngeal tonsil - one nodule in nasophranx - a.k.a. adenoids 2. ) Palatine tonsils - two nodules on the soft palate 3. ) Lingual tonsils - two nodules at the base of the tongue
34
what MALT lines mucosa of the small intestine
Aggregated lymphoid nodules
35
what is the appendix?
Blind tube at the beginning of small intestine Area prone to infection -Appendicitis -Intestinal flora enter underlying tissues
36
lymphatic organs are surrounded by.....
a fibrous, connective tissue capsule
37
what are the three lymphatic organs?
Thymus Spleen Lymph Nodes
38
describe lymph nodes (3)
-bean shaped -Between several afferent and one efferent vessel -Hilus (indented region where BV’s, nerves, and efferent lymph vessels connect)
39
lymph nodes have a cortex and medulla.. describe both sections
``` Cortex: -capsule has trabeculae that subdivide it Has two regions: outer cortex (consists of aggregated B-cells) inner cortex (T cells enter blood here) ``` Medulla: B-cells leave through the efferent vessel
40
what are the 6 locations of lymph nodes?
``` Cervical Axillary Inguinal Pelvic Abdominal Thoracic ```
41
Where is the spleen located?
the left side of the stomach
42
True or False: the spleen is the largest lymphatic organ
true
43
the spleen is made up of 2 types of pulp... what are they and describe them
``` White pulp -resembles lymph node Red pulp -large amounts of RBC -sinuses, macrophages, T/B cells ```
44
what are the functions of the spleen? (5)
``` Remove old RBC’s Store/recycle iron Initiate immune response Blood reservoir RBC production in fetus ```
45
where is the thymus located?
in mediastium
46
describe the size and development of the thymus over time as you age
first lymph organ to develop grows until puberty Shrinks with age replaced by fibrous & adipose tissue
47
the thymus has 2 lobes with lobules. what are they?
Cortex-mostly immature T-cells | Medulla-mostly reticular epithelial cells
48
describe the T cells in the thymus
Cortex produces T-cells Mature and migrate into medulla Enter blood vessels and go into circulation
49
describe reticular cells in the thymus
Produce thymosin | Promote T-cell differentiation

Anatomy (23 decks)

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