Chapter 28

Question 1

Potsdam Conference?

Answer 1

The final wartime meeting of the leaders of the US, Britain, and the Soviet Union was held at Potsdam

Question 2

When was the Postdam conference held?

Answer 2

July 1945

Question 3

What was the result of the Potsdam Conference?

Answer 3

They were unable to agree about the future of Europe and it led to the Cold War

Question 4

McCarthysim

Answer 4

A senationalist campaign by Senator Joseph McCarthy against supposed communists in government that began in 1950 and ended when the Senate censured him in 1954

Question 5

Taft - Hartley Act

Answer 5

This 1947 anti - union legislation outlawed the closed shop and secondary boycotts. It also authorized the president to seek injunctions to prevent strikes that threatened national security

Question 6

NSC-68

Answer 6

National Security Council planning paper No. 68 redefined America’s national defense policy.

Question 7

What did the NSC-68 do?

Answer 7

It committed the US to a massive military buildup to meet the challenge posed by the Soviet Union

Question 8

National Security Act

Answer 8

Congress passed the National Security Act in 1947 in response to perceived threats from the Soviet Union after World War 2

Question 9

What did the National Security Act establish?

Answer 9

The Department of Defense and created the Central Intelligence Agency and National Security Council

Question 10

Berlin Airlift

Answer 10

In 1948, in response to a Soviet land blockade of Berlin, the US carried out massive effort to supply the 2 million Berlin citizens by air

Question 11

North Atlantic Treat Organization

Answer 11

In 1949, the US, Canada, and then European nations formed this military mutual defense pact

Question 12

Marshall Plan

Answer 12

In 1947, a massive aid program to rebuild the war-torn economies of Western Europe

Question 13

What was the Marshall Plan motivated by?

Answer 13

Both humanitarian concerns and fear of communism

Question 14

Truman Doctrine

Answer 14

In 1947, President Truman asked Congress for money to aid the Greek and Turkish governments that were then threatened by communist rebels

Question 15

Containment

Answer 15

The basic strategy of the US throughout the Cold War

Question 16

Who proposed containment?

Answer 16

George Kenman

Question 17

Baruch Plan

Answer 17

Bernard Baruch presented a plan to control and eventually outlaw nuclear weapons

Question 18

Describe events in Europe after its division between the free world and communist camps

Answer 18

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Question 19

Explain how the Soviets rebuilt their economy after World War 2?

Answer 19

Loans and lend-lease

Question 20

Name the supporters of the containment policy

Answer 20

George C. Marshall, Dean Acheson and George Kennan

Question 21

What were the results of Russia’s land blockade in West Berlin?

Answer 21

It marked the end of the initial phase of the Cold War, it cut Europe in two, the rivalry that began in Europe would spread into a worldwide contest among super powers

Question 22

What were the key elements of the US defense policy from 1945 to 1960?

Answer 22

The National Security Act, the air force, the nuclear bomb, and the hydrogen bomb

Question 23

What happened to China in 1949?

Answer 23

The Chinese Revolution

Question 24

Who were the key players in the Chinese Revolution?

Answer 24

Chiang Kai-shek and Mao

Question 25

What were the results of China's fall to the communists?

Answer 25

A Japanese - American security pact led to the end of American occupation by 1952

Question 26

Where did the showdown between Russia and the US happen?

Answer 26

Korea

Question 27

Who did the Russians occupy the North Korea under?

Answer 27

Kim Il Sung

Question 28

What was Truman's political weakness?

Answer 28

He failed to pursue a coherent legislative program on his own

Question 29

Who were the candidates of the 1948 election?

Answer 29

Harry S. Truman, Thomas E. Dewey, and J. Strom Thrumond

Question 30

Who won the 1948 election?

Answer 30

Truman

Question 31

Why was Truman's election a surprise?

Answer 31

No one liked his plans

Question 32

What were the events that encouraged the rise of McCarthyism?

Answer 32

He randomly called people a communist and it scared everybody

Question 33

What were the events that caused the downfall of McCarthyism?

Answer 33

McCarthy v Army

Question 34

What happened with the French and Ho Chi Minh in Indochina during the Eisenhower administration?

Answer 34

Ho Chi Minh wanted Vietnam to be independent but Eisenhower and the French stopped that

Question 35

Formosa Resolution

Answer 35

Eissenhower promised to protect the territories in the west pacific under the jurisdiction of the republic of china"

Question 36

How did the Cold War begin?

Answer 36

The United States and the Soviet Union discovered that their interests in Europe conflicted

Question 37

What was containment?

Answer 37

It was the American policy of preventing Soviet power and influence from expanding

Question 38

Why was containment adopted?

Answer 38

To preserve American interests without excessively risking war

Question 39

How did the Cold War expand to Europe?

Answer 39

The US and the Soviet Union took opposite sides in the Chinese civil war

Question 40

How did the Cold War affect life in America?

Answer 40

It spawned fears of Communist subversion and it led to a campaign to ensure loyalty and fostered McCarthyism

Question 41

How successful was Eisenhower at dealing with the foreign policy issues facing the US?

Answer 41

He was experienced