Chapter 5 Review Flashcards
1
Q
histology
A
- Study of tissues
2
Q
intercellular junctions
A
-connect cell membranes
3
Q
tight junctions
A
- join cells that form sheetlike layers, like in the digestive tract
- linings of tiny blood vessels in the brain consists of cells held tightly together
4
Q
gap junctions
A
- link the cytoplasm of adjacent cells and allow ions, nutrients, and other substances to move through
- heart muscle and digestive tract
5
Q
desmosome
A
-enables skin cells to form a reinforced structural unit
6
Q
epithelial
A
function:protection, secretion, and absorption
7
Q
connective
A
function: bind, support, protect, fill spaces, store fat, produce blood cells
8
Q
muscle
A
function: Movement
9
Q
nervous
A
function:Conduct mules for coordination, regulation, integration, and sensory reception
10
Q
basement membrane
A
-anchors epithelium to underlying connective tissue
11
Q
cilia
A
- Microscopic hair like extensions of the exposed surfaces of most cells
12
Q
microvilli
A
- Cells specialized for absorption typically have many tiny, cylindrical processes, called microvilli, extending from their free surfaces.
13
Q
goblet cells
A
-secrete mucous
14
Q
keratins
A
- proteins
- which hardens and dies producing a dry covering causing it to become water proof
15
Q
melanocytes
A
- Specialized cells in the epidermis that produce the pigment melanin from the amino acid tyrosine in organelles
16
Q
keratinocytes
A
- proteins produced as epidermal cells die and harden
17
Q
merocrine glands
A
A fluid product released through the cell membrane by exocytosis. Salivary, pancreatic, and sweat glands
18
Q
apocrine glands
A
Cellular product and portions of the free ends of glandular cells pinch of during secretion. Mammary, ceruminous glands, lining of the external acoustic meatus
19
Q
holocrine glands
A
Disintegrated entire cells filled with secretory products. Sebaceous glands of the skin
20
Q
fibroblasts
A
- The most common type of fixed cell in connective tissue.
- Large, star-shaped cells produce fibers by secreting proteins into the extracellular matrix of connective tissues.
21
Q
macrophages
A
- Also called histiocytes, originate as white blood cells and are almost as numerous as fibroblasts in some connective tissues.
- They are usually attached to fibers but can detach and actively one about.
- As scavenger cells, they can clear foreign particles from tissues, providing an important defense against infection.
22
Q
mast cells
A
- Large and widely distributed in connective tissues, where they are usually near blood vessels.
- They release heparin, a compound that prevents blood clotting.
- They also release histamine, which promotes some of the reactions associated with inflammation and allergies
23
Q
histamine
A
- inflammation and allergies
- released by mast cells
24
Q
heparin
A
- prevents blood clotting
- released by mast cells
25
collagen fibers
Thick threads of the protein collage, which is a major structural protein. Holds structures together, such as tendons and ligaments. It is found abundantly in dense regular connective tissue
26
elastic fibers
Composed of springlike protein called elastin; made for stretching found in vocal cords and air passages.
27
reticular fibers
They are thin collagen fibers. Found in areas like the spleen
28
adipose tissue
- Description: cells in fluid-gel matrix
- Function: protects, insulates, and stores fat
- Location: beneath the skin, around the kidneys, and on the surface of the heart
29
cartilage
-a rigid connective tissue
30
lacunae
- Cartilage cells, called chondrocytes, occupy small cambers called lacunae and lie completely within the extracellular matrix.
31
perichondrium
- A cartilaginous structure is enclosed in a covering of connective tissue.
- Cartilage cells near the perichondrium obtain nutrients from these vessels by diffusion, aided by the water in the extracellular matrix
32
hyaline cartilage
- supports, protects, provides framework
| - ends of bones, nose, and rings in the walls of the respiratory tract
33
serous membranes
line body cavities
34
mucous membranes
line the cavities and tubes that open to the outside of the body
35
cutaneous membranes
-skin
36
synovial membrane
-lines the joints
37
neuroglia
- They divide and are crucial to the functioning of neurons
- These cells support and bind the components of nervous tissue, carry on phagocytosis, and help supply growth factors and nutrients to neurons by connecting them to blood vessels.
38
dendrites
Extensions of a neuron that receives messages
39
axons
-cellular processes that have impulses traveling down them
40
epidermis
- Composed of stratified squamous epithelium, it is the outer layer
41
dermis
- The inner layer, it is thicker than the epidermis and is made up of connective tissue containing collage and elastic fibers, smooth muscle tissue, nervous tissue, and blood
42
hypodermis
- Beneath the dermis, masses of areolar and adipose tissues bind the skin to underlying organs. These tissues are not part of the skin
43
apical surface
-The superficial layer on top of the epithelium
44
basal surface
-The surface above the dermis but under the epithelium
45
stratified squamous epithelium
- Description: many layers, top cells flattened
- Function: protection
- Location: linings of oral cavity, vagina, and anal cavity
46
simple columnar epithelium
- Description: single layer, elongated cells
- Function: Protection, secretion, absorption
- Location: Lining of the stomach and small intestines
47
stratified columnar epithelium
- Description: Top layer of elongated cells, lower layers of cube-shaped cells
- Function: protection, secretion
- Location: male urethra, linings of larger ducts of excretory glands
48
elastic cartilage
- More flexible than hyaline cartilage because its extracellular matrix has a dense network of elastic fibers.
- It provides the framework for the external ears and parts of the larynx.
49
transitional epithelium
- Specialized to change in response to increased tension.
| - It forms the inner lining of the urinary bladder and lines the ureters and the superior urethra
50
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Description: Single layer, flattened cells
Function: Filtration, diffusion, osmosis, covers surface
Location: Air sacs of lungs, walls of capillaries, lining body cavities
51
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Description: Single layer, cube-shaped cells
Function: Protection, secretion, absorption
Location: Surface of ovaries, linings of kidney tubules, and linings of ducts of certain glands
52
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Description: Single layer, elongated cells
Function: protection, secretion, movement of mucus and substances
Location: Linings of respiratory passages
53
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
Description: 2-3 layers, cube shaped cells
Function: Protection
Location: Linings of ducts of mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, and pancreas
54
Glandular epithelium
Description: Unicellular/multicellular
Function: Secretion
Location: Salivary glands, sweat glands, endocrine glands
55
Areolar(Loose) connective tissue
Description: Cells in fluid- gel matrix
Function: Binds organs
Location: Beneath the skin (hypodermis), surrounds organs
56
Adipose connective tissue
Description: Cells in fluid-gel matrix
Function: Protects, insulates, and stores fat
Location: Beneath the skin, around the kidneys, behind the eyeballs, on the surface of the heart
57
Reticular Connective tissue
Description: Cells in fluid-gel matrix
Function: Supports
Location: Walls of liver and spleen
58
Dense Regular Connective tissue
Description: Cells in fluid-gel matrix
Function: Binds body parts
Location: Tendons, ligaments
59
Dense irregular connective tissue
Description: Cells in fluid-gel matrix
Function: Sustains tissue tension
Location: Dermis
60
Elastic connective tissue
Description: Cells in fluid-gel matrix
Function: provides flexible framework
Location: Framework of external ear and part of larynx
61
Fibrocartilage
Description: Cells in solid-gel matrix
Function: Supports, protects, absorbs shock
Location: Between bony parts of spinal column, parts of pelvic girdle and knee
62
Bone
Description: cells in solid matrix
Function: Supports, protects, provides framework
Location: Bones of skeleton, middle ear
63
Blood
Description: Cells and platelets in fluid matrix
Function: Transports gases, defends against disease, clotting
Location: Throughout the body in a closed system of blood vessels and heart chambers
64
Articulating cartilage
found in joints, hyaline cartilage
