Chapter 6 - General Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
(126 cards)
1
Q
The dense active protoplasm found in the center of the cell is: A. Cytoplasm B. Cell membrane C. Nucleus D. Chromatid
A
C. Nucleus
2
Q
Human cells reproduce by mitosis, dividing into two identical cells called: A. Mother cells B. Daughter cells C. Father cells D. Son cells
A
B. Daughter cells
3
Q
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the protoplasm of a cell except for the protoplasm in the nucleus. A. Cystine B. Neuron C. Cytoplasm D. Mandible
A
C. Cytoplasm
4
Q
The chemical process through which cells are nourished and carry out their activities is called: A. Metabolism B. Mitosis C. Meiosis D. Respiration
A
A. Metabolism
5
Q
The constructive phase of metabolism is called: A. Anabolism B. Catabolism C. Mitosis D. Meiosis
A
A. Anabolism
6
Q
Which type of tissue contracts and moves various parts of the body? A. Nerve tissue B. Muscle tissue C. Connective tissue D. Epithelial tissue
A
B. Muscle tissue
7
Q
The basic unit of all living things is the: A. Anatomy B. Cell C. Muscle D. Nerve
A
B. Cell
8
Q
Which type of tissue lines the heart, the digestive and respiratory organs? A. Nerve tissue B. Muscle tissue C. Connective tissue D. Epithelial tissue
A
D. Epithelial tissue
9
Q
The connection between two or more bones is called a: A. Ligament B. Joint C. Tendon D. Muscle
A
B. Joint
10
Q
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the larger do the two bones that form the leg below the knee. A. Patella B. Fibula C. Tibia D. Femur
A
C. Tibia
11
Q
The oval, bony case that protects the brain is: A. Cranium B. Facial skeleton C. Hyoid bone D. Thorax
A
A. Cranium
12
Q
The maxillae bones form the: A. Lower jaw B. Upper jaw C. Upper arm D. Forearm
A
B. Upper jaw
13
Q
The two bones that form the sides and crown (top) of the cranium the: A. Parietal bones B. Occipital bones C. Lacrimal bones D. Zygomatic bones
A
A. Parietal bones
14
Q
The inner and larger bone in the forearm, attached to the wrist and located on the side of the little finger is the: A. Carpus B. Ulna C. Metacarpus D. Radius
A
B. Ulna
15
Q
The foot is made up of \_\_\_\_\_ bones. A. 6 B. 11 C. 18 D. 26
A
D. 26
16
Q
Which muscles are also known as the smooth muscles? A. Nonstriated muscles B. Cardiac muscles C. Striated muscles D. Trapezius muscles
A
A. Nonstriated muscles
17
Q
The part of the muscle that does not move is the : A. Belly B. Insertion C. Origin D. Tendon
A
C. Origin
18
Q
The broad muscle that covers the top of the head is the: A. Temporal B. Epicranius C. Deltoid D. Occipital
A
B. Epicranius
19
Q
The \_\_\_\_\_\_ are the muscles that straighten the wrist, hand and fingers to form a straight line. A. Extensors B. Pronators C. Supinators D. Flexors
A
A. Extensors
20
Q
The muscles at the base of the fingers that draw the fingers together are the:
A. Flexors
B. Abductors
C. Extonsors
D. Adductors
A
D. Adductors
21
Q
The system of nerves that carries impulses or messages to and from the central nervous system is called: A. Involuntary nervous system B. Voluntary nervous system C. Autonomic nerve system D. Peripheral nervous system
A
D. Peripheral nervous system
22
Q
Sensory nerve endings called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are located close to the surface of the skin. A. Reactors B. Receptors C. Capillaries D. Aural neurons
A
B. Receptors
23
Q
The largest artery in the human body is the: A. Jugular B. Ventricle C. Aorta D. Cartoid
A
C. Aorta
24
Q
The main blood supply of the arms and hands are the: A. Facial and superficial arteries B. Ulnar and radial arteries C. Radial and posterior arteries D. Ulnar and external jugular arteries
A
B. Ulnar and radial arteries
25
The popliteal artery supplies blood to the foot and divides into two separate arteries known as:
A. Anterior tibial and posterior arteries
B. Anterior tibial and dorsal pedis arteries
C. Internal and external jugular arteries
D. Supraorbital and infraorbital arteries
A. Anterior tibial and posterior arteries
26
```
The _______ is the primary nasal muscle of concern to cosmotologists:
A. Platysmua
B. Procerus
C. Popliteal
D. Pronator
```
B. Procerus
27
The mental nerve affects the skin of the:
A. Lower eyelid, side of the nose, upper lip and mouth
B. Nose
C. Forehead, scalp, eyebrow and upper eyelid
D. Lower lip and chin
D. Lower lip and chin
28
```
The _________ cranial nerve is the chief motor nerve of the face.
A. Fourth
B. Fifth
C. Sixth
D. Seventh
```
D. Seventh
29
```
The greater occipital nerve is located at the __________ of the head and affects the scalp as far up as the top of the head.
A. Top
B. Back
C. Left side
D. Right side
```
B. Back
30
```
The median nerve supplies impulses to the :
A. Fingers
B. Wrist
C. Arm and hand
D. Arm and wrist
```
C. Arm and hand
31
```
The deep peroneal nerve is located in the:
A. Front of the arm
B. Front of the leg
C. Back of the leg
D. Back of the arm
```
B. Front of the leg
32
```
Valves are structures that temporarily close a passage or permit blood to flow in:
A. All directions
B. Only two directions
C. Only one direction
D. Only three directions
```
C. Only one direction
33
```
Deoxygenated blood flows from the body into the:
A. Left atrium
B. Right atrium
C. Left ventricle
D. Right ventricle
```
B. Right atrium
34
```
White blood cells are also known as:
A. Leukocytes
B. Hemoglobin
C. Platelets
D. Capillaries
```
A. Leukocytes
35
```
Blood _______ the body's temperature.
A. Has no effect upon
B. Plays a role in equalizing
C. Is the only factor affecting
D. Is only capable of raising
```
B. Plays a role in equalizing
36
```
The ________ supplies blood to the muscles of the eye.
A. Inferior labial artery
B. Infraorbital nerve
C. Infraorbital artery
D. Intratrochlear nerve
```
C. Infraorbital artery
37
```
The ________ drain(s) the tissue spaces of excess interstitial fluid.
A. Capillaries
B. Lymphatic system
C. Lymph nodes
D. Middle temporal artery
```
B. Lymphatic system
38
```
The ________ is a gland of the endocrine system that secretes enzyme-producing cells that are responsible for digesting carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
A. Spleen
B. Thyroid
C. Lymph node
D. Pancreas
```
D. Pancreas
39
```
The _______ glands secrete about 30 steroid hormones and control metabolic processes of the body, including the fight-or-flight response.
A. Exocrine
B. Adrenal
C. Endocrine
D. Pituitary
```
B. Adrenal
40
```
Digestive _________ are chemicals that change certain types of food into soluble form that can be used by the body.
A. Exocrines
B. Endocrines
C. Enzymes
D. Platelets
```
C. Enzymes
41
```
The organ that controls the body is:
A. Heart
B. Brain
C. Liver
D. Stomach
```
B. Brain
42
```
The organ that controls the body's vision:
A. Kidneys
B. Lungs
C. Intestines
D. Eyes
```
D. Eyes
43
```
The heart is the organ that circulates the body's:
A. Lymph
B. Blood
C. Water
D. Spinal fluid
```
B. Blood
44
```
The organs that excretes water and waste products are the:
A. Intestines
B. Lungs
C. Kidneys
D. Eyes
```
C. Kidneys
45
```
The lungs supply _______ to the blood.
A. Hydrogen
B. Nitrogen
C. Oxygen
D. Carbon dioxide
```
C. Oxygen
46
```
The _______ is the organ that removes waste created by digestion.
A. Stomach
B. Liver
C. Intestine
D. Kidney
```
B. Liver
47
```
The _______ covers the body and is the external protective coating.
A. Scapula
B. Blood
C. Skin
D. Exoskeleton
```
C. Skin
48
```
The _______ are the organs that digest food.
A. Intestines and kidneys
B. Intestines and liver
C. Intestines and stomach
D. Kidneys and stomach
```
C. Intestines and stomach
49
```
The ________ system controls the steady movement of the blood through the body.
A. Integumentary
B. Circulatory
C. Respiratory
D. Lymphatic
```
B. Circulatory
50
```
The _______ system changes food into nutrients and wastes.
A. Lymphatic
B. Endocrine
C. Integumentary
D. Digestive
```
D. Digestive
51
```
The _______ system affects the growth, development, sexual functions and health of the entire body.
A. Endocrine
B. Excretory
C. Digestive
D. Reproductive
```
A. Endocrine
52
```
The _________ system serves as a protective coating and helps regulate the body's temperature.
A. Lymphatic
B. Integumentary
C. Skeletal
D. Nervous
```
B. Integumentary
53
```
The _______ system protects the body from disease by developing immunities and destroying disease-causing toxins and bacteria.
A. Skeletal
B. Respiratory
C. Endocrine
D. Lymphatic
```
D. Lymphatic
54
```
The ___________ system covers, shapes and supports the skeleton tissue.
A. Skeletal
B. Muscular
C. Nervous
D. Integumentary
```
B. Muscular
55
```
The ________ system controls and coordinates all other systems inside and outside of the body and makes them work harmoniously and efficiently.
A. Lymphatic
B. Endocrine
C. Integumentary
D. Nervous
```
D. Nervous
56
```
The _______ system controls the processes by which plants and animals produce offspring.
A. Reproductive
B. Genetic
C. Hereditary
D. Familial
```
A. Reproductive
57
```
The ________ system enables breathing, supplying the body with oxygen and eliminating carbon dioxide as a waste product.
A. Nervous
B. Reproductive
C. Respiratory
D. Endocrine
```
C. Respiratory
58
```
The ________ system forms the physical foundation of the body.
A. Skeletal
B. Muscular
C. Nervous
D. Reproductive
```
A. Skeletal
59
```
The study of the human body structures that can be seen with the naked eye and how the body parts are organized is:
A. Physiology
B. Histology
C. Myology
D. Anatomy
```
D. Anatomy
60
```
Physiology is the study of the functions and activities performed by the :
A. Body's elements
B. Body's structures
C. Body shapes
D. Body's muscles
```
B. Body's structures
61
```
The study of tiny structures found in living tissues is known as histology or:
A. Microanatomy
B. Microscopic physiology
C. Microscopic anatomy
D. Microphysiology
```
C. Microscopic anatomy
62
```
Neurology is the study of structure, function and pathology of the:
A. Muscular system
B. Integumentary system
C. Skeletal system
D. Nervous system
```
D. Nervous system
63
```
The study of the nature, structure and disease of the muscles is:
A. Anatomy
B. Myology
C. Histology
D. Physiology
```
B. Myology
64
```
Osteology is the study of the anatomy, structure and function of the:
A. Bones
B. Nerves
C. Muscles
D. Skin
```
A. Bones
65
The cells of all living things are composed of?
a. protoplasm
b. cytoplasm
c. proteins
d. carbohydrates
a. protoplasm
66
Most sells reproduce by dividing into?
a. 6
b. 2
c. 4
d. 8
b. 2
67
Nerve tissue carries message to the brain by special cells called?
a. electron
b. metabolism
c. protons.
d. neurons
d. neurons
68
Which of the following is also known microscopic anatomy?
a. anatomy
b. physiology
c. physics
d. histology
d. histology
69
The basic unit of all living things is:
a. bacteria
b. cells
c. plasma
d. blood
b. cells
70
The protoplasm of a cell that surrounds the nucleus is the:
a. cell membrane
b. self-repair fluid
c. mitosis
d. cytoplasm
d. cytoplasm
71
Unfavorable conditions for mitosis include:
a. toxins
b. disease
c. injury
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
72
The chemical process in living organisms whereby cells are nourished and carry out their activities is:
a. mistosis
b. anabolism
c. metabolism
d. reproduction
a. mistosis
73
The phase of metabolism that involves the breaking down of complex compounds within the cells into smaller ones is:
a. catabolism
b. anabolism
c. cell division
d. mitosis
a. catabolism
74
The tissue that binds together, protects and supports parts of the body is:
a. nerve tissue
b. connective tissue
c. epithelial tissue
d. muscle tissue
b. connective tissue
75
Structures composed of specialized tissues designed to perform specific functions in pants and animals are:
a. cells
b. hormones
c. organs
d. neurons
c. organs
76
The physical foundation of the body consisting of bones connected by joints is the:
a. nervous system
b. skeletal system
c. muscular system
d. endocrine system
b. skeletal system
77
The facial skeleton has how many bones?
a. 6
b. 8
c. 12
d. 14
d. 14
78
The bone that forms the back of the skull above the nape is the:
a. temporal
b. mandible
c. occipital
d. frontal
c. occipital
79
The bone that forms the forehead is the:
a. parietal
b. frontal
c. occipital
d. hyoid
b. frontal
80
Two bones that form the sides of the head in the ear region are the:
a. temporal bones
b. parietal bones
c. frontal bones
d. occipital bones
a. temporal bones
81
The bone that joins all of the bones in the cranium together is the:
a. ethmoid bone
b. parietal bone
c. malar bone
d. sphenoid bone
d. sphenoid bone
82
The cheekbones are also called the malar bones or:
a. hyoid bones
b. lacrimal bones
c. ethmoid bones
d. zygomatic bones
d. zygomatic bones
83
The elastic, bony cage that acts as a protective framework for the heart and lungs is the:
a. ribs
b. thorax
c. scapula
d. clavicle
b. thorax
84
The uppermost and largest bone of the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder is the:
a. hyoid
b. humerous
c. ulna
d. carpus
b. humerous
85
The inner and larger bone of the forearm, attached at the wrist and located on the side of the little finger, is the:
a. humerous
b. carpus
c. ulna
d. radius
c. ulna
86
The bones on the fingers or digits are called:
a. phalanges
b. metacarpus
c. scapula
d. carpus
a. phalanges
87
The heavy, long bone that forms the leg above the knee is called the:
a. femur
b. tibia
c. fibula
d. patella
a. femur
88
The ankle joint is composed of how many bones?
a. 9
b. 6
c. 4
c. 3
a. 9
89
The cranium is made up of how many bones?
a. 8
b. 10
c. 12
d. 14
c. 12
90
The largest and strongest bone in the face is:
a. mandible
b. maxillae
c. frontalis
d. zygomanicum
a. mandible
91
The smaller bone in the forearm on the same side as the thumb is:
a. humerous
b. carpals
c. radius
d. ulna
c. radius
92
Three parts of the muscle are?
a. origin, insertion, and center
b. anterior, posterior and belly
c. front, back, side
d. top, bottom, center
a. origin, insertion, and center
93
Muscles that are attached to bones and are voluntary or consciously controlled are:
a. nonstriated muscles
b. striated muscles
c. cardiac muscles
d. insertion muscles
b. striated muscles
94
The part of the muscle at the movable attachment to the skeleton is the:
a. ligament
b. tendon
c. insertion
d. origin
c. insertion
95
Pressure in the massage is usually directed from the:
a. insertion to beginning
b. insertion to origin
c. origin to insertion
d. front to sides
b. insertion to origin
96
The muscle of the scalp that raises the eyebrows, draws the scalp forward, and causes wrinkles across the forehead is the:
a. occipitalis
b. masseter
c. temporalis
d. frontalis
d. frontalis
97
The muscle of the neck that lowers and rotates the head is the:
a. sterncleidomastoideus
b. temporalis
c. masseter
d. aponeurosis
a. sterncleidomastoideus
98
The ring muscle of the eye socket that enables you to close you eyes is the:
a. temporal oculi
b. corrugator muscle
c. orbicularis oculi
d. latissimus
c. orbicularis oculi
99
The muscle that draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles the forehead vertically is:
a. corrugator muscle
b. masseter muscle
c. orbicularis oculi muscle
d. epicranius muscle
a. corrugator muscle
100
The muscle that covers the back of the neck and upper and middle region of the back is the:
a. corrugator muscle
b. pectoralis minor
c. latissimus dorsi
d. trapezius
d. trapezius
101
Extensor muscles that turn the hand inward so the palm faces downward are:
a. extensors
b. supinators
c. pronators
d. extensors
c. pronators
102
Muscles that separate the fingers are:
a. abductors
b. pronators
c. adductors
d. extensors
a. abductors
103
The nervous system as a whole is divided into how many main subdivisions?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 6
b. 3
104
The nervous system that controls the voluntary functions of the five senses is the:
a. peripheral
b. autonomic
c. central
d. voluntary
a. peripheral
105
The largest and most complex nerve tissue of the body is the:
a. spinal cord
b. neurons
c. brain
d. axon
c. brain
106
The largest of the cranial nerves is the:
a. sensory nerve
b. mandibular nerve
c. fifth cranial nerve
d. opthalmic nerve
c. fifth cranial nerve
107
The chief motor nerve of the face is?
a. first cranial nerve
b. fifth cranial nerve
c. seventh cranial nerve
d. first cranial nerve
c. seventh cranial nerve
108
Which nerve supplies impulses to the skin on the outer side and back of the foot and leg?
a. sural nerve
b. common peroneal nerve
c. saphenous nerve
d. dorsal nerve
a. sural nerve
109
A lower, thick-walled chamber of the heart is the:
a. atrium
b. mitral valve
c. ventricle
d. pericardium
c. ventricle
110
Thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries and located closer to the skin surface are:
a. buccinators
b. capillaries
c. veins
d. arteries
c. veins
111
Which blood component gives blood its color?
a. white blood cells
b. hemoglobin
c. platelets
d. plasma
b. hemoglobin
112
The main arteries that supply blood to the head, neck and face are the:
a. common carotid arteries
b. common aorta arteries
c. internal jugular
d. serratus anterior arteries
a. common carotid arteries
113
The lymphatic system is also referred to as the:
a. immune system
b. integumentary system
c. nervous system
d. digestive system
a. immune system
114
What does the lymphatic system destroy?
a. food
b. calories
c. microorganisms
d. protein
c. microorganisms
115
What system is also related to the lymphatic system?
a. cardiovascular (circulatory) system
b. digestive system
c. integumentary system
d. bronchi system
a. cardiovascular (circulatory) system
116
Where does the lymph fluid return to?
a. the lungs
b. the blood, from where it originated
c. the stomach
d. the thyroid
b. the blood, from where it originated
117
Ductless glands that release secretion of hormones directly into the bloodstream are:
a. endocrine glands
b. digestive glands
c. exocrine glands
d. sweat glands
a. endocrine glands
118
Insulin, adrenaline and estrogen are examples of:
a. digestive enzymes
b. waste products
c. hormones
d. proteins
c. hormones
119
Spongy tissues composed of microscopic cells in which inhaled air is exchanged for the carbon dioxide during one breathing cycle are:
a. glands
b. lungs
c. pancreas
d. integumentary system
b. lungs
120
The word integument means:
a. skin
b. hormone
c. natural covering
d. gland
c. natural covering
121
Name a type of of exocrine gland:
a. digestive
b. thymus
c. pineal
d. sweat and oil
d. sweat and oil
122
What is the main function of the digestive enzyme?
a. exchanges gases
b. changes food into a form that can be used by the body
c. provide nutrients
d. removes toxins
b. changes food into a form that can be used by the body
123
How long does the entire food digestion process take?
a. 20 minutes
b. 4 hours
c. 9 hours
d. 24 hours
c. 9 hours
124
The excretory system removes ______ from the body:
a. digestive enzymes
b. waste products
c. hormones
d. proteins
b. waste products
125
What muscle separates the thorax from the abdominal wall?
a. abdominals
b. external obliques
c. diaphragm
d. rectus abdominus
c. diaphragm
126
What system is responsible for the creation of life?
a. reproductive system
b. integumentary system
c. endocrine system
d. bronchi system
a. reproductive system
