chapter 27 part 2

Question 1

female gonads

Answer 1

ovaries

Question 2

supported by several ligaments

Answer 2

ovarian ligament
suspensory ligament
broad ligament

Question 3

ovarian ligament

Answer 3

anchors ovary to uterus

Question 4

suspensory ligament

Answer 4

anchors ovary to pelvic wall

Question 5

broad ligament

Answer 5

encloses the ovarian ligaments and supports uterine tubes, uterus and vagina

Question 6

structure of ovary

Answer 6

outer cortex and inner medulla
cortex: forming gametes found
medulla: blood vessels and nerves that serve ovaries

Question 7

polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

Answer 7

ovaries and adrenal glands produce and release a higher than normal amount of testosterone

Question 8

ovaries are covered w what during PCOS

Answer 8

multiple fluid filled cysts
due to high testosterone

Question 9

ovulation during PCOS

Answer 9

does not occur regularly or at all
leads to fertility issues
difficult or impossible to get pregnant

Question 10

causes of PCOS

Answer 10

???
prob involves genetics, lifestyle and/or environmental factors

Question 11

many w PCOS have

Answer 11

insulin resistance: leads to increased insulin production
more likely to develop type 2 diabetes

Question 12

Symptoms of PCOS

Answer 12

irregular/light/missing periods
excess body hair
weight gain
oily skin
thinning hair
infertility
skin discoloration on neck/in armpits/ under breasts

Question 13

treatment for PCOS

Answer 13

no cure
change in diet/exercise
medications to stimulate ovulation
birth control

Question 14

accessory ducts to ovaries

Answer 14

uterine tubes
uterus

Question 15

uterine tubes (fallopian tube)

Answer 15

Receive ovulated oocyte from ovary and is site of fertilization
supported by mesosalpinx

Question 16

3 general regions of uterine tubes

Answer 16

1. infundibulum
2. ampulla
3. isthmus

Question 17

infundibulum

Answer 17

“end” of tube closest to the ovary
fimbriae: fingerlike projections at end of each tube

Question 18

ampulla

Answer 18

middle portion
site of fertilization (typically)

Question 19

isthmus

Answer 19

connects tube to uterus

Question 20

uterus

Answer 20

receives, retains, and nourishes a fertilized egg

Question 21

3 regions of uterus

Answer 21

1. fundus
2. body
3. cervix

Question 22

fundus

Answer 22

most superior dome shaped region that meets w each uterine tube

Question 23

body

Answer 23

major portion

Question 24

cervix

Answer 24

neck of uterus leading into vagina
glands here secrete mucus to block off uterus from the vagina

Question 25

3 layers of uterine wall

Answer 25

perimetrium myometrium endometrium

Question 26

perimetrium

Answer 26

outermost layer

Question 27

myometrium

Answer 27

contains smooth muscle that contracts during childbirth and without pregnancy

Question 28

endometrium

Answer 28

- mucosa of the uterus - embryo implants in this layer and remains here for duration of pregnancy

Question 29

2 subdivisions of endometrium

Answer 29

stratum functionalis stratum basalis

Question 30

stratum functionalis

Answer 30

layer that is shed during menstruation

Question 31

stratum basalis

Answer 31

forms new functional layer after shedding

Question 32

vasculature of uterus

Answer 32

uterine arteries branch in uterine wall to form 1. arcuate arteries enter myometrium 2. radial arteries enter endometrium

Question 33

radial arteries branch into

Answer 33

1. Straight arteries: supply stratum basalis 2. spiral arteries: supply stratum functionalis

Question 34

spiral arteries

Answer 34

- repeatedly degenerate and regenerate in response to changing hormone levels - regenerate from straight arteries

Question 35

endometriosis

Answer 35

endometrial like tissue develops outside of the uterus results in inflammation and scar tissue formation in the pelvis can be evident at first mestrual period or later in life

Question 36

symptoms of endometriosis

Answer 36

Severe abdominal pain irregular/heavy periods infertility urinary issues bowel issues

Question 37

causes of endometriosis

Answer 37

??? genetic component involving multiple genes and interactions w environment

Question 38

treatment of endometriosis

Answer 38

management of symptoms medications and/or surgery

Question 39

female copulatory organ

Answer 39

vagina extends from cervix to body exterior provides passageway for infant or menstrual flow

Question 40

pH of vagina

Answer 40

acidic 3.8-5 fermentation due to bacteria in vagina prevents bad bacteria

Question 41

hymen

Answer 41

forms incomplete partition at distal vaginal orifice - partial wall - will break during life - important during fetal development: protects reproductive organs

Question 42

vulva

Answer 42

structures forming external female genitalia

Question 43

structures of vulva

Answer 43

1. mons pubis 2. labia majora 3. labia minora 4. vestibule 5. clitoris 6. bulbs of vestibule

Question 44

mons pubis

Answer 44

fatty tissue that overlies pubic symphysis absorbs shock if hit: protects pelvic girdle

Question 45

labia majora

Answer 45

extends from the mons pubis posteriorly homologous structure in males: scrotum

Question 46

labia minora

Answer 46

enclosed by labia majora homologous in males: spongy urethra

Question 47

vestibule

Answer 47

region containing openings to urethra (external urethral orifice) and vagina (vaginal orifice)

Question 48

clitoris

Answer 48

composed mostly of erectile tissue and nerve fibers body of clitoris: corpora cavernosa - fills w blood during periods of arousal homologous structure: penis

Question 49

bulbs of vestibule

Answer 49

fill w blood during arousal closes off urethra during intercourse

Question 50

female sexual response

Answer 50

libido driven by estrogens and DHEA during arousal: clitoris, vaginal mucosa, bulbs of vestibule and breasts fill w blood the female orgasm is not accompanied by ejaculation and is not necessary for conception to occur